相对论效应对激光在等离子体中的共振吸收的影响

采用一维粒子模拟(PIC)方法，研究了相对论效应对P偏振激光斜入射非均匀等离子体时产生的共振吸收的影响. 计算表明，弱相对论情况下，在临界面附近产生的电子等离子体波的相对论非线性效应占主要作用；随着入射光场的逐渐增大，吸收率逐渐降低. 当入射光强超过3.7×10¹⁷W/cm²时，由于超短激光脉冲本身在等离子体中产生相对论效应、等离子体波破裂效应，以及参量不稳定过程激发等，吸收系数随着激光强度又开始增加. 固定等离子体密度标长，取不同的激光入射角、电子初始温度，相对论效应对吸收系数的影响是一致的. 关键词： 激光等离子体 相对论效应 共振吸收 粒子模拟     

相对论圆偏振激光与固体靶作用产生高次谐波

超短超强激光与固体靶表面等离子体相互作用可以通过高次谐波的方式产生从极紫外到软X射线波段的相干辐射,获得飞秒甚至阿秒量级的超短脉冲,可用于观测原子或分子中的电子运动等超快动力学过程.本文实验研究了相对论圆偏振飞秒激光与固体靶相互作用的高次谐波产生过程,实验结果表明,在较大入射角下,圆偏振激光也可以有效地产生高次谐波辐射.通过预脉冲控制靶表面的预等离子体密度标长,发现高次谐波的产生效率随密度标长的增加而单调下降.进一步通过二维粒子模拟程序,分析了激光的偏振以及预等离子体密度标长对高次谐波产生的影响,很好地解释了实验观测结果.     

激光驱动尾波场加速电子诱导光核嬗变

提出了一种基于激光尾波场加速电子诱导光核嬗变的优化方案并开展了135Cs光核嬗变的数值模拟研究。蒙特卡罗模拟研究发现随着电子能量的增加，嬗变产额逐渐趋于饱和，单位能量电子的嬗变效率在40 MeV附近时存在峰值，半高处能量为20、120 MeV。为了提升半高处能量内的电子电量从而优化嬗变产额，使用粒子模拟程序研究了超短超强激光在气体等离子体中的传输过程。研究结果发现，随着等离子体密度的降低，尾波场加速的电子能量逐渐升高，但是电荷量逐渐减少，并且圆偏振激光加速的电子能量和电荷量均优于线偏振激光。通过调整等离子体密度和激光偏振，发现在圆偏振激光和特定等离子体密度条件下，存在嬗变产额的最优值。利用电导率等效方法对345 GHz折叠波导行波管中的电磁信号的传输损耗进行了仿真研究，考察了流通管孔径、加工粗糙度等对冷腔传输损耗的影响，流通管孔径较大或加工粗糙度较大都会导致电磁信号传输衰减严重。还模拟分析了热腔中电磁信号衰减对慢波结构净增益、带宽、最佳周期数等器件特征参数的影响，结果显示，电磁信号衰减会使得增益下降和带宽降低。     

相对论效应对共振吸收的影响

应用简化模型,本文的研究表明:由于电子质量的相对论性变化,由线性模式转换产生的静电等离子体波在临界面附近呈现出滞后效应,此效应将增大斜入射p偏振的光在等离子体中的吸收,这是通过增大等离子体波大振幅的区域引起的,当光强超过滞后效应的阈值光强时,吸收率将大大超过线性结果。 关键词：     

双色激光偏振夹角对产生太赫兹辐射的影响

基于改进的二维光电流模型,研究了双色激光偏振夹角对太赫兹辐射产生的影响.通过改变基频光以及其对应的倍频光的偏振夹角发现,在激光等离子体中辐射的太赫兹波的强度与双色激光的偏振夹角呈周期性变化,并且最佳偏振夹角和不同激光强度也有关系.在相对较低的激光强度下(≤2×1014 W/cm2),当两束激光具备相同的偏振方向,即偏振夹角为0°时,太赫兹幅值达到最大;然而,当激光强度足够高(＞2×1014 W/cm2)时,最佳的偏振夹角会随着激光强度的增加而变大.从电子密度的角度来分析产生这种现象的原因,并用剩余漂移电流来揭示其潜在的物理机制.研究表明,剩余漂移电流是激光诱导等离子体产生太赫兹波的本质根源,对太赫兹波的产量起着决定性作用.     

电子非广延分布的多离子磁化等离子体鞘层特性

等离子体磁化鞘层在半导体加工、材料表面改性、薄膜沉积等方面都发挥着重要作用.在等离子体实验和放电应用中,常存在由两种以上离子组成的多离子等离子体;对于长程相互作用的等离子体系统,非麦克斯韦分布的电子可通过Tsallis的非广延分布来描述.本文针对多离子等离子体鞘层建立一维空间坐标三维速度坐标的流体模型,假设鞘层中电子速度服从非广延分布,本底氦离子和不同种类的杂质离子在有一定倾斜角度的磁场中被磁化,通过数值模拟探究了非广延参量、杂质离子及斜磁场对多离子磁鞘中离子的数密度、速度、壁面电势和离子动能等物理量的影响.结果表明,在氦氢或氦氩混合等离子体鞘层中,随着非广延参量增大,离子沿垂直壁方向的速度减小,鞘层中离子、电子数密度均减小,鞘层厚度减小,壁面处离子动能减小;当杂质离子浓度增大时,壁面处离子动能与离子种类无关.随着磁场强度的增大,氦离子数密度和沿垂直壁方向的速度在鞘边出现起伏,且波动幅度随着非广延参量的减小而增大,而重离子则无明显的波动.此外,还分析了杂质离子种类和浓度对鞘层相关特性的影响.     

强激光脉冲中高能电子辐射的时间演化研究

为了研究圆偏振强激光脉冲中高能电子辐射随时间的演化，在拉格朗日方程和电子能量方程的基础上，构建了高能单电子与强激光脉冲相互作用的模型，采用MATLAB对此过程进行模拟和计算，得到了电子辐射的空间分布随时间演化的仿真图像。结果表明，受圆偏振紧聚焦强激光脉冲作用的电子所发出的电磁辐射能量会随时间由外而内呈现涡旋状的空间分布，且在约1000 fs后集中在中心；辐射向内集中的速度会随时间逐渐放缓。此外，单位立体角辐射能量的最大值也会随时间递增，且变化速度先增大后减小。在450 fs附近，辐射能量到达平台期，此后继续缓慢增加，直至1000 fs后稳定在1.18×10^-12 J/cm²。此结果表明，可以通过控制电子与激光相互作用的时间，更快得到符合实验要求特性的电子辐射。     

激光波长及脉宽对光学材料抗损伤性能的影响

 基于能带理论,利用激光与光学材料相互作用的理论模型,研究了激光辐照下材料导带自由电子数密度的变化,讨论了材料损伤阈值与激光波长、脉冲宽度、材料禁带宽度之间的关系,数值分析了激光波长和脉冲宽度对损伤阈值的影响。结果表明:当脉宽小于1 ps时,材料损伤阈值随脉宽增大而减小;当脉宽大于1 ps时,材料损伤阈值随脉宽增大而增大;激光波长为10 fs~10 ns,损伤阈值随着波长的减小而减小。     

右旋偏振波对高密度等离子体的穿透实验

本文分析了右旋偏振波穿透高密度等离子体的条件,给出了理论根据及原理性实验的结果。实验证实,当ω_(ce)≈2ω时,右旋偏振波(哨波模)可以穿透很高密度的等离子体(ω_(pe)~2>>ω~2),并可能成为克服“再入”时“黑障”的一个途径。     

激光偏振参量对光场感生电离电子碰撞机制等离子体电离参量的影响

以基于光场感生电离电子碰撞机制的类钯氙系统为例，计算并讨论了不同抽运激光偏振对等离子体的电离速率、阈值激光强度、电子在激光场中的剩余能量、各电荷态相对集居数、初始电子能量分布等电离参量的影响，计算结果表明，在相同的激光功率密度下，激光偏振对类钯氙41.8nm4d^95d^1S0-4d^95p^1P1跃迁的X射线激光放大影响很大，圆偏振激光抽运更有利于类钯氙41.8nm4d^95d^1S0-4d^95p^1P1跃迁的X射线激光放大的实现。     

Axially magnetized electron–positron and electron plasma competition on the self focusing of intense laser beam

The spot-size evolution of circularly polarized intense laser beam propagating through the axially magnetized electron–positron (EP) and electron plasmas is discussed, in mildly relativistic and weakly non-linear (a² ? 1) regime. The non-linear current density source terms are obtained by making used of the perturbative technique. The variational principle approach method is applied to the solution of the non-linear Schrodinger wave equation. It is shown that the laser beam spot size decreases for the left and increases for the right handed polarized beams with increasing the external magnetic field, owing to the beam passages inside the electron plasma. Furthermore, it is revealed that the self focusing property strongly enhanced in the EP plasma in comparison to the electron plasma. Moreover, self focusing of linearly polarized laser beam is investigated for EP plasma by superposition of the right and left circularly polarized beams.     

Nonlinear Dynamics of Circularly Polarized Laser Pulse Propagating in a Magnetized Plasma with q ‐Nonextensive Velocity Distributions

The nonlinear dynamics of a circularly polarized laser pulse propagating in magnetized plasma contains hot nonextensive q ‐distributed electrons and ions is studied theoretically. A nonlinear equation which describes the dynamics of the slowly varying amplitude electromagnetic wave is obtained using the relativistic two‐fluids model. Some nonlinear phenomena include modulational instability, self‐focusing, soliton formation, and longitudinal and transversal evolutions of laser pulse in nonextensive plasma medium are investigated. Results show that the nonextensivity of particles can substantially change the nonlinearity of medium. The external magnetic field enhances the modulation instability growth rate of right‐hand polarization wave but for the left‐hand polarization the growth rate decreases. The spot size of the laser pulse is strongly affected by the plasma nonextensivity. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

激光脉冲在等离子体中的压缩分裂

通过数值求解一维非线性薛定谔方程,研究了圆偏振入射激光脉冲在初始密度范围为1/4到略低于1倍临界密度的等离子体中的自压缩和分裂现象. 提高等离子体密度和入射激光强度以及减小脉冲宽度可以在更短的传输距离获得有效的激光脉冲压缩,压缩后的脉冲半高宽度可达到初始脉冲半高宽度的1/35,甚至更小. 这种压缩是激光脉冲在等离子体中形成高阶孤子的过程中产生的,可以获得比在稀薄等离子体中更好的压缩比例. 数值计算的结果给出了该情况下激光脉冲在等离子体中自压缩后形成的高阶孤子分裂. 利用一维粒子数值模拟程序(particle-in-cell,PIC)也观察到了脉冲的压缩和分裂现象,得到了与数值计算一致的结果. 关键词： 非线性薛定谔方程 自压缩 脉冲分裂 粒子模拟     

Effect of Second Nonthermal Ion on the Characteristics of Dust Acoustic Solitary Waves in a Magnetized Dusty Plasma with Variable Dust Charge

The nonlinear dust acoustic solitary waves in a magnetized dusty plasma with nonthermal ions and variable dust electric charge is studied analytically. Using reductive perturbation method the Zakharov‐Kuznetsov (ZK) equation is derived and effect of nonthermal coefficient, external magnetic field, and variable dust electric charge on the amplitude and width of soliton in dusty plasma is investigated. With increasing the rate of dust charge variation with respect of plasma potential, the amplitude of generated solitary waves in magnetized dusty plasma increases to a constant magnitude while its width decreases. Increasing the nonthermal ions coefficient leads to a noticeable decrease in the amplitude of solitons while the width of soliton increases. The amplitude of generated solitary waves in such a dusty plasma is independent of applied external magnetic field but we will have more localized solitons with increasing the external magnetic field strength. It is found that solitons are strongly influenced by the direction of external magnetic field. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Experimental study of nonlinear dust acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma

The excitation and propagation of finite-amplitude low-frequency solitary waves are investigated in an argon plasma impregnated with kaolin dust particles. A nonlinear longitudinal dust acoustic solitary wave is excited by pulse modulating the discharge voltage with a negative potential. It is found that the velocity of the solitary wave increases and the width decreases with the increase of the modulating voltage, but the product of the solitary wave amplitude and the square of the width remains nearly constant. The experimental findings are compared with analytic soliton solutions of a model Korteveg-de Vries equation.     

Self-Focusing and de-Focusing of Intense Left- and Right-Hand Polarized Laser Pulse in Hot Magnetized Plasma in the Presence of an External Non-Uniform Magnetized Field

In this paper, self-focusing of an intense circularly polarized laser beam in the presence of a non-uniform positive guide magnetic field with slope constant parameter δ in hot magnetized plasma, using Maxwell’s equations and relativistic fluid momentum equation is investigated. An envelope equation governing the spot-size of laser beam for both of left- and right-hand polarizations has been derived, and the effects of the plasma temperature and magnetic field on the electron density distribution of hot plasma with respect to variation of normalized laser spot-size has been studied. Numerical results show that self-focusing is better increased in the presence of an external non-uniform magnetic field. Moreover, in plasma density profile, self-focusing of the laser pulse improves in comparison with no non-uniform magnetic field. Also, with increasing slope of constant parameter of the non-uniform magnetic field, the self-focusing increases, and subsequently, the spot-size of laser pulse propagated through the hot magnetized plasma decreases.     

太赫兹波在飞行器等离子体鞘套中的传输特性

针对临近空间飞行器的黑障问题,根据模拟的RAM C-Ⅲ飞行器周围的流场分布结果,计算了等离子体电子密度和碰撞频率,并根据其分布建立了非均匀的等离子体模型。在此基础上,利用散射矩阵方法分析了太赫兹波在等离子体中的传输特性随着等离子体密度、等离子体厚度、等离子体碰撞频率的变化以及外加磁场对传输特性的影响。结果表明,太赫兹波的传输损耗随着等离子体电子密度和等离子体厚度的增加而增加,而碰撞频率的增加会使得透射率先减小后增加。在外加磁场的作用下,左旋太赫兹波的传输特性会得到改善;而对于右旋太赫兹波,磁场的施加会引入吸收峰,并且随着磁感应强度的增加向高频方向移动。     

Generation of an axial magnetic field from photon spin

In circularly polarized light the spins of the photons are aligned. When a short intense pulse of circularly polarized laser light is absorbed by a plasma, a torque is delivered initially to the electron species, resulting primarily in an opposing torque from an induced azimuthal electric field. This electric field, in general, has a curl and leads to the generation of an axial magnetic field. It also is the main means for transferring angular momentum to the ions. The time-dependent magnetic field has a magnitude proportional to the transverse gradient of the absorbed intensity but inversely proportional to the electron density, in contrast to earlier theories of the inverse Faraday effect.     

Modulation instability of an intense laser beam in an unmagnetized electron–positron–ion plasma

The modulation instability of an intense circularly polarized laser beam propagating in an unmagnetized, cold electron–positron–ion plasma is investigated. Adopting a generalized Karpman method, a three-dimensional nonlinear equation is shown to govern the laser field. Then the conditions for modulation instability and the temporal growth rate are obtained analytically. In order to compare with the usual electron–ion plasmas, the effect of positron concentration is considered. It is found that the increase in positron-to-electron density ratio shifts the instability region towards higher vertical wave numbers but does not cause displacement along the parallel wave number direction, and the growth rate increases as the positron-to-electron density ratio increases.