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1.
Systems of solid solutions Bi1 − x Ca x FeO3 (I) and Bi1 − x CaxFeO1 − x Ti x O3 (II) have been obtained and their properties have been studied using neutronography and M?ssbauer spectroscopy; magnetization and permittivity have been measured. It is shown that an increase in the concentration of calcium ions in system I for x > 0.2 changes rhombohedral distortions of a unit cell (space group R3c) to tetragonal distortions (space group I4/mcm), while rhombohedral distortions in system II for x > 0.2 are replaced by orthorhombic distortions (space group Pnma). Analysis of the crystal structure has revealed strong anisotropy in vibrations of Bi and O ions in system I compounds. Systems I and II are characterized by G-type antiferromagnetic ordering of magnetic moments. In system II, spontaneous magnetization associated with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction has been detected. According to M?ssbauer spectroscopy data, iron ions in compounds I and II are in the trivalent state and charge compensation occurs due to the formation of oxygen vacancies. The permittivity increases with the calcium concentration. Original Russian Text ? I.O. Troyanchuk, D.V. Karpinsky, M.V. Bushinskii, O. Prokhnenko, M. Kopcevicz, R. Szymczak, J. Pietosa, 2008, published in Zhurnal éksperimental’noĭ i Teoreticheskoĭ Fiziki, 2008, Vol. 134, No. 1, pp. 105–112.  相似文献   

2.
The dielectric properties of the ceramics of (1 − x)BiFeO3x(KBi)1/2TiO3 (0.40 < x < 0.85) solid solutions with an orthorhombic structure have been studied using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 25–106 Hz at different temperatures. It has been shown that these solid solutions undergo a diffuse ferroelectric phase transition. The Curie temperature is found to be in the range 620–640 K. The activation energies of dielectric polarization relaxation (δE M ) and dc charge carriers (ΔE dc) are determined. It has been established that, in the vicinity of 460 K, ΔE dc increases jumpwise as the temperature increases.  相似文献   

3.
Ceramics of PbZr1 − x Ti x O3 solid solutions were systematically studied in the range 0.37 ≤ x ≤0.57. The x-T phase diagram of the system is constructed in the range 25°C ≤ T ≤ 650°C. The diagram has a region of an indefinite symmetry in the vicinity of the transition to the nonpolar cubic phase. It is established that solid solutions in this region are characterized by weak distortions and temperature-time instability of the crystal structure. Three concentration regions are separated differing in the value of the jump in the unit cell volume ΔV at the line of transitions from the rhombohedral (tetragonal) phase to the region of indefinite symmetry. It is revealed that there are three temperature ranges differing in the behavior of the temperature dependence of the inverse permittivity, which are due to the existence of two critical Curie points at the boundary separating the ferroelectric phases from the cubic phase. Original Russian Text ? L.A. Reznichenko, L.A. Shilkina, O.N. Razumovskaya, E.A. Yaroslavtseva, S.I. Dudkina, O.A. Demchenko, Yu.I. Yurasov, A.A. Esis, I.N. Andryushina, 2008, published in Fizika Tverdogo Tela, 2008, Vol. 50, No. 8, pp. 1469–1475.  相似文献   

4.
The magnetic, electrical, and optical properties of Ca1 − x Ce x MnO3 (x≤0.12) manganite single crystals are investigated with the aim of revealing the specific features of the multiphase electronic and magnetic state as a function of the cerium concentration and the atmosphere used for growing single crystals. It is found that the concentration dependence of the low-temperature magnetization M(x) of the single crystals is shifted toward the high-concentration range as compared to the corresponding dependence of the polycrystals, which is explained by the predominant cation deficiency. The electrical resistivity and the reflection spectra of the single crystals in the infrared spectral range indicate that charge carriers exhibit a band nature at temperatures close to room temperature. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of the single crystal with x = 0.08, which has the maximum magnetization in the studied series of Ca1 − x Ce x MnO3 compounds, unlike polycrystals, exhibits a metallic behavior over the entire temperature range. The G-type antiferromagnetic phase with the Néel and Curie temperatures T N(G) = T C = 100 K is characterized by maxima of the electrical resistivity ρ and the magnetoresistance Δρ/ρ = |(ρ0 − ρ H )/ρ0| = 38% in the magnetic field H = 90 kOe. The magnetoresistance Δρ/ρ of the single crystals at cerium concentrations x = 0.10 and 0.12 with variations in temperature exhibit three specific features: near the temperature of charge ordering T co, near the temperature of the magnetic phase transition to the C-type antiferromagnetic phase T N(C), and near the temperature of the phase transition to the magnetic charge-ordered phase T N(MCO). An anomalous temperature dependence of the magnetization is revealed for a single crystal with x = 0.10 grown in oxygen at a pressure of 5 atm, which is explained by the presence of regions with hole conductivity due to cation deficiency. The inhomogeneous electronic and magnetic state is associated with the interrelation of the charge, orbital, and spin orderings. Original Russian Text ? N.N. Loshkareva, A.V. Korolev, N.I. Solin, E.V. Mostovshchikova, S.V. Naumov, N.V. Kostromitina, A.M. Balbashov, 2009, published in Zhurnal éksperimental’noĭ i Teoreticheskoĭ Fiziki, 2009, Vol. 135, No. 1, pp. 98–107.  相似文献   

5.
Polycrystalline Pb1−x Sr x (Fe0.012Ti0.988)O3 (0.2≤x≤0.4) (PSFT) thin films have been grown on fused quartz substrates by metallo-organic decomposition technique. The grown films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), source meter and UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer to determine the structural, microstructural, dc resistivity and optical properties. The XRD pattern confirmed that the PSFT films has distorted tetragonal single phase, which close to cubic at higher Sr concentration. AFM analysis revealed that the grains size reduces with increasing Sr concentration and their average values lies in the range of 26–9 nm. The higher values of dc resistivity of PSFT nano grains indicate that the transmission of light occurs within these grains up to short wavelength. The refractive index and the extinction coefficient were determined from the optical transmission spectrum in the wavelength range of 200–1100 nm and compared with that theoretically calculated, when fitted to a single oscillator model. The values of optical band gap were determined from Tauc’s extrapolation fitting and suggests that the transformation of electrons during transmission of light through local states within Fermi gap.  相似文献   

6.
7.
Deformation and the thermal expansion coefficient of ceramic samples of (Ba1 − x La x )Ti1 − x/4O3 solid solutions (x = 0, 0.026, 0.036, 0.054) were studied in the temperature range 120–700 K. Based on an analysis of the data obtained, the temperature-composition phase diagram is refined, and the temperature dependence of the polarization is calculated. The results are discussed in combination with the dielectric measurement data. Original Russian Text ? M.V. Gorev, I.N. Flerov, Ph. Sciau, S. Guillemet-Fritsch, 2009, published in Fizika Tverdogo Tela, 2009, Vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 746–752.  相似文献   

8.
9.
For the first time nanocrystalline magnetic particles of Mg x Fe(3−x)O4 with x ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 have been synthesized by a combustion reaction method using iron nitrate Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2.6H2O, and urea CO(NH2)2 as fuel without intermediate decomposition and/or calcining steps. X-ray diffraction patterns of all systems showed broad peaks consistent with cubic inverse spinel structure of MgFe2O4. The absence of extra reflections in the diffraction patterns of as-prepared materials ensures the phase purity. The mean crystallite sizes determined from the prominent (311) peak of the diffraction using Scherrer’s equation and transmission electron microscopy micrographs were c.a. 40 nm with spherical morphology. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the as-prepared material showed traces of organic and metallic salt by-products; however, these could be removed by washing with deionized water. Typical hysteresis curves were obtained for all specimens in magnetic field up to 14 T between 4 and 340 K. The saturation magnetization was 48.3 emu/g and 31.3 emu/g, 44.8 emu/g, and 28.4 emu/g for x=1.0 and 0.8 at 4 K and 340 K, respectively. The saturation magnetization, M s , of nanoparticles of the MgFe2O4 specimen is about 50% higher when compared to the bulk. The enhanced magnetization measured in our nanoparticles MgFe2O4 specimens may be attributed to the uncompensated magnetic moment of iron ions between the A- and B-sites, i.e., changes in the inversion factor. Our magnetization results of MgFe2O4 specimens are comparable to the existing data for the same compound but with different particle size and prepared by different synthesis methods.  相似文献   

10.
Optical characteristics of the HfO2 − x N x and TiO2 − x N x films obtained by reactive ion beam sputtering have been investigated by spectral ellipsometry. The chemical composition of the films was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nitrogen content in the oxynitride films (determined by the N2/O2 ratio in the gas mixture during synthesis) reached ≈9 at % for TiO2 − x N x and ≈ 6 at % for HfO2 − x N x . It is found that the dispersion relations n(λ) and k(λ) for the TiO2 − x N x films change from those characteristic of titanium dioxide to those typical of titanium nitride with an increase in the nitrogen content from 0 to ≈9 at %. The optical parameters of the HfO2 − x N x films depend weakly on the nitrogen content in the range 0–6 at %. Original Russian Text ? V.V. Atuchin, V.N. Kruchinin, A.V. Kalinkin, V.Sh. Aliev, S.V. Rykhlitskiĭ, V.A. Shvets, E.V. Spesivtsev, 2009, published in Optika i Spektroskopiya, 2009, Vol. 106, No. 1, pp. 77–82.  相似文献   

11.
The refractive index dispersion in β-Tl1 − x Cu x InS2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.015) crystals has been studied using intrinsic interference. It is shown that these crystals are characterized by anomalous-dispersion regions at wavelengths slightly exceeding those corresponding to exciton peaks. It is established that, using intrinsic interference, one can detect excitons in these crystals at room temperature. Modulation of interference patterns is revealed, and explanation of this phenomenon is proposed. Original Russian Text ? A.N. Georgobiani, A.Kh. Matiyev, S.V. Bulyarski, T.A. Matiyeva, 2008, published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Fizicheskaya, 2008, Vol. 72, No. 10, pp. 1523–1525.  相似文献   

12.
The magnetic properties of ferroborate single crystals with substituted compositions Nd1 − x Dy x Fe3(BO3)4 (x = 0.15, 0.25) with competing exchange Nd-Fe and Dy-Fe interactions are investigated. For each composition, we observed a spontaneous spin-reorientation transition from the easy-axis to the easy-plane state and step anomalies on the magnetization curves for the spin-flop transition induced by a magnetic field B | c. The measured parameters and effects are interpreted using a unified theoretical approach based on the molecular field approximation and on calculations performed in the crystal-field model for the rare-earth ion. The experimental temperature dependences of the initial magnetic susceptibility from T = 2 K to T = 300 K, anomalies on the magnetization curves for B | c in fields up to 1.8 T, and their evolution with temperature, as well as temperature and field dependences of magnetization in fields up to 9 T are described. In the interpretation of experimental data, the crystal-field parameters in trigonal symmetry for the rare-earth subsystem are determined, as well as the parameters of Nd-Fe and Dy-Fe exchange interactions.  相似文献   

13.
The IR reflection and Raman spectra of β-Tl1 − x Cu x InS2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.015) single crystals have been studied in the temperature range 84–300 K. It is shown that partial replacement of thallium by copper atoms leads to a decrease in the frequencies of the corresponding oscillations in the frequency range 40–500 cm−1 and does not induce (at given concentrations) local oscillations. Analysis of the transformation of the IR reflection spectra at T 2 ≈ 185 K revealed a ferroelectric phase transition. Original Russian Text ? A.N. Georgobiani, A.Kh. Matiyev, C.V. Bulyarski, T.A. Matiyeva, 2009, published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Fizicheskaya, 2009, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 138–140.  相似文献   

14.
采用机械合金化法制备了p型赝三元(Sb2Te3-Bi2Te3-Sb2Se3)合金粉体,对其进行XRD分析表明Te,Bi,Sb,Se单质粉末,经100h球磨后实现了合金化;SEM分析表明所得机械合金化粉体材料颗粒均匀、细小,颗粒尺寸在10nm到100nm量级.使用这种粉体制备了冷压烧结块体样品,在室温下测量了温差电动势率(α)和电导率(σ),研究了烧结温度对材料热电性能的影响,结果表明在低于300℃的烧结温区,样品室温下的热电性能随烧结温度的升高不断提高,功率因子(α2σ)由未烧结样品的0.59μW cm-1K-2升高到在300℃下烧结样品的15.9μW cm-1K-2,这一结果对确定材料的最佳烧结温度具有重要意义. 关键词: 赝三元热电材料 机械合金化 冷压 烧结  相似文献   

15.
The dislocation structure of Ge x Si1 − x films (x ∼ 0.4–0.5) grown by molecular epitaxy on Si(001) substrates tilted by 6° about the 〈011〉 axis was studied. It is shown that, in the tilt direction, edge misfit dislocations (MDs) arise only in the form of short segments lying on the intersections of 60° MDs. As a result, the total length of edge MDs along the substrate tilt direction is smaller than that along the tilt axis. The deviation of the substrate surface from the singular plane made it possible to detect a dislocation configuration that consists of a short segment of an edge MD and two diverging 60° MDs propagating from it in the tilt direction. The formation of the segment is assumed to begin with simultaneous nucleation of complementary dislocation half-loops that form a short edge MD on the interface and then propagate on one side as two diverging 60° MD lines. Original Russian Text ? Yu.B. Bolkhovityanov, A.K. Gutakovskii, A.S. Deryabin, L.V. Sokolov, 2008, published in Fizika Tverdogo Tela, 2008, Vol. 50, No. 10, pp. 1783–1787.  相似文献   

16.
Spectra of anomalous electron emission from the surface of solid solutions in the (1 − x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 + xPbTiO3 system with x = 0.06, 0.10, 0.13, 0.20, and 0.25 have been studied. While the energy characteristics of the anomalous electron emission spectra vary monotonically with x, the behavior of integrated intensity was found to be nonmonotonic with a maximum occurring at x = 0.1. According to the proposed interpretation, the results obtained are explained by the effect of the potential barrier on the electron emission; the potential barrier depends, in turn, on the permittivity ε of the samples. Original Russian Text ? A.T. Kozakov, A.V. Nikol’skiĭ, V.P. Sakhnenko, A.N. Pavlov, V.G. Smotrakov, V.V. Eremkin, 2009, published in Fizika Tverdogo Tela, 2009, Vol. 51, No. 7, pp. 1310–1314.  相似文献   

17.
The temperature dependences of the pyroelectric and dielectric properties of ferroelectric ceramics of the PbZr1 − x Ti x O3 binary system with x = 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, and 0.35 have been obtained synchronously for each sample in the range of the structural phase transition between the states with the symmetry space groups R3cR3m. It is established that the temperatures of this phase transition for unpolarized and polarized samples coincide in the range 0.06 ≤ x ≤ 0.15. In this case, the x−T phase diagram, constructed on the basis of the pyroelectric and dielectric data, is in excellent agreement with the X-ray diffraction data on single crystals in this concentration range. The effect of dc electric fields from 5 × 105 V m−1 did not lead to any temperature shifts of the R3cR3m phase transition for the compositions with 0.06 ≤ x ≤ 0.25. Original Russian Text ? Yu.N. Zakharov, A.G. Lutokhin, N.A. Korchagina, V.G. Kuznetsov, 2008, published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Fizicheskaya, 2008, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 589–591.  相似文献   

18.
Polycrystalline samples of Pr1−x Sr x Fe0.8Co0.2 O3−δ (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3) (PSFC) were prepared by the combustion synthesis route at 1200°C. The structure of the polycrystalline powders was analysed with X-ray powder diffraction data. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were indexed as the orthoferrite similar to that of PrFeO3 having a single-phase orthorhombic perovskite structure (Pbnm). Pr1−x Sr x Fe0.8Co0.2O3−δ (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3) films have been deposited on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) single-crystal substrates at 700°C by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) for application to thin film solid oxide fuel cell cathodes. The structure of the films was analysed by XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). All films are polycrystalline with a marked texture and present pyramidal grains in the surface with different size distributions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of PSFC/YSZ single crystal/PSFC test cells were conducted. The Pr0.7Sr0.3Fe0.8Co0.2O3−δ film at 850°C presents a lower area specific resistance (ASR) value, 1.65 Ω cm2, followed by the Pr0.8Sr0.2Fe0.8Co0.2O3−δ (2.29 Ω cm2 at 850°C) and the Pr0.9Sr0.1Fe0.8Co0.2O3−δ films (5.45 Ω cm2 at 850°C).  相似文献   

19.
Neutron diffraction and magnetic measurements have been used to study the effect of doping with Mn3+ ions on the fine crystal structure of the Ga2Se3 monoclinic compound. It has been established that the structural state of the crystals is changed even at a relatively low doping level (x = 0.04). Arguments in favor of the fact that local Jahn-Teller distortions are responsible for the formation of the fine structure and magnetism in compounds of this class are presented.  相似文献   

20.
The Si/Si1 − x Ge x :Er/Si heterostructures, which are of interest for laser applications, have been investigated. The types of optically active Er3+ centers making a dominant contribution to the photoluminescence response of the structures studied are analyzed and their relationship with the parameters of the Si1 − x Ge x :Er heterolayer and the post-growth annealing conditions is shown. On the basis of the PL kinetic analysis of the structures with an isolated type of optically active Er3+ centers, it is concluded that population inversion of Er3+ ion states can be obtained under optical pumping and the effect of nonradiative recombination channels in Si1 − x Ge x :Er heterolayers on the excitation efficiency of Er centers and the conditions for population inversion is shown. Original Russian Text ? L.V. Krasilnikova, N.A. Baidakova, M.V. Stepikhova, Z.F. Krasilnik, V.Yu. Chalkov, V.G. Shengurov, 2009, published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Fizicheskaya, 2009, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 103–108.  相似文献   

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