水合二氧化钛-磷钼酸铵微球复合无机离子交换剂的合成

采用溶胶－凝胶方法合成水合二氧化钛微球,以此为基体合成出水合二氧化钛－磷钼酸铵（ＨＴＯ－ＡＭＰ）球形复合无机离子交换剂,研究了复合交换剂的组成和稳定性,测定了不同交换条件下其对Ｃｓ＾＋和Ｓｒ＾２＋的交换性能,发现复合交换剂性能稳定,对Ｃｓ＾＋在不同酸度下均有较好交换性能,对ＳｒＡ＾２＋则只有在低酸度时才有一定交换吸附。     

吡咯烷生物碱及相关化合物的不对称合成研究(Ⅰ)

吡咯烷生物碱及相关化合物的不对称合成研究（Ⅰ）黄培强,阮源萍（厦门大学化学系,厦门,３６１００５）关键词Ｐｒｅｕｓｓｉｎ,４－氨基－３－羟基－５－苯基戊酸,不对称合成,酰胺－α－烷基化,１．５－二苄基－４－苄氧基－２－吡咯酮（＋）－ｐｒｅｕｓｓｉｎ１...     

双缓血氨二乙三胺五乙酸酰胺钆,镱螯合物的合成及其弛豫性能

缓血氨（Ｔｒｉｓ，三羟甲基氨基甲烷）修饰多氨多羧酸（二乙三胺五乙酸，ＤＴＰＡ和乙二胺四乙酸，ＥＤＴＡ）得到两种新的双酰胺型氨羧衍生物配体ＤＴＰＡВＴｒｉｓ和ＥＤＴＡＢＴｒｉｓ，并合成了它们的Ｇｄ３＋，Ｙｂ３＋，Ｍｎ２＋，Ｆｅ３＋等顺磁性金属螯合物，研究了Ｇｄ３＋，Ｍｎ２＋和Ｆｅ３＋螯合物作为磁共振成像造影剂的主要性能。结果表明，ＧｄＤＴＰＡＢＴｒｉｓ，ＭｎＥＤＴＡＢＴｒｉｓ和ＦｅＥＤＴＡＢＴｒｉｓ在体外水溶液中对水质子的纵向弛豫率Ｒ１分别为５４，３．１和１．９Ｌ·ｍｍｏｌ－１·ｓ－１，均高于其相应母体螯合物在相同条件下的弛豫率。此外，这些螯合物还具有医用磁共振成像造影剂所要求的高水溶性和化学稳定性。     

Syntheses and Liquid Crystal Properties of New Rare Earth Sandwich-Type Heteropoly Compounds

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉｎｃｅｓａｎｄｗｉｃｈ－ｔｙｐｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｏｆｆｏｒｍｕｌａ［Ｍ４（Ｈ２Ｏ）２（Ｐ２Ｗ１５Ｏ５６）２］ｎ－ｗｅｒｅｆｉｒｓｔｌｙｄｅ－ｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｂｙＦｉｎｋｅｅｔａｌ．［１］,ａｄｏｚｅｎｏｆｔｈｉｓｋｉｎｄｏｆｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｄ［２,３］,ｉｎｗｈｉｃｈｍｏｓｔｏｆｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｅｒａｔｏｍｓｗｅｒｅｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｍｅｔａｌｓ,ｓｕｃｈａｓＭｎ２＋,Ｆｅ３＋,Ｃｏ２＋,Ｎｉ２＋,Ｃｕ２＋,Ｚｎ２＋,Ｃｄ２＋,ａ…     

磷酸钛—磷钨酸铵的合成及性能研究

本文研究了磷酸－磷钨酸铵的合成，离子交换性能及化学结构等方面的性质。实验结果表明，该交换剂对Ｃｓ＾２＋具有很高的选择性和交换容量，在０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＮＯ３介质中，该交换剂对Ｃｓ＾＝的交换容量可达０．９５ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ，在１ＡＷ模拟废液中，对ＣＳ＾＋离子仍保持较高的变换容量。     

硫醇（酚）及其盐与羰基铁反应研究进展──蝶状阴离子［（μ－CO）（μ－RS）Fe_2（CO）_6］~－的合成、结构及反应

对一类新型阴离子络盐Ｍ~＋［（μ－ＣＯ）（μ－ＲＳ）Ｆｅ_２（ＣＯ）_６］~－（Ｍ~＋＝Ｅｔ＋３ＮＨ~＋，Ｌｉ~＋，Ｎａ~＋，ＭｇＸ~＋）的合成、结构和反应进行了综述。该类络盐可由硫醇或硫酚盐ＲＳ~－Ｍ~＋与Ｆｅ_３（ＣＯ）_（１２）在ＴＨＦ中合成并于原位（ｉｎｓｉｔｕ）反应。经单晶Ｘ射线衍射分析证实其阴离子中的Ｆｅ_２ＳＣ骨架具蝶状结构，它显示高度的亲核反应活性，能同多种亲电底物反应。典型的底物包括卤代不饱和烃、酰氯、炔烃、磷、砷卤代物、二硫化碳、二氯化二硫、单质硫或硒及烃基卤化汞等。该类络盐业已成为一种有效试剂，它在新颖金属有机和原子簇化合物的合成中具有广泛的应用价值。     

镧系离子同乙酰水杨酸和1，10－二氮杂菲三元配合物的研究

合成了镧系离子（Ｌｎ３＋）同己酰水杨酸（Ａｓａｌ）和１．１０－二氮杂菲（Ｐｈｅｎ）的三元配合物并确定其组成为Ｌｎ（ａｓａｌ）３·ｐｈｅｎ．考查了三元配合物的红外光谱、热稳定性和溶解性及其乙醇－水溶液的电子光谱和荧光光谱．     

镧系离子同乙酰水杨酸和1,10-二氮杂菲三元配合物的研究

合成了镧系离子（Ｌｎ＾３＋）同乙酰水杨酸（Ａｓａ）和１．１０－二氮杂菲（Ｐｈｅｎ）的三元配合物并确定其组成为Ｌｎ（ａｓａｌ）３·ｐｈｅｎ。考查了三元配合物的红外光谱、热稳定性和溶解性及其乙醇－水溶液的电子光谱和荧光光谱。     

Volumetric Properties of Sodium Chlorobenzoate in N,N Dimethylformamide/water Mixtures at 298.15 K

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｔｈｅｔｈｅｒｍｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｏｆｔｅｒｎａｒｙｍｉｘｔｕｒｅｓ（ｗａｔｅｒ＋ｎｏｎａｑｕｅｏｕｓｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ＋ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｅ）［１］．Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｔｈｅｒｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎａｓｈｏｒｔａｇｅｏｆｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｓｕｃｈｍｉｘｔｕｒｅｓ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｏｎａｒｏｍａｔｉｃｓｏｌｕｔｅｓｔｈａｔｃｏｎｔａｉｎｔｈｅｓｕｂｓｔｉｔｕｅｎｔ．Ｌｉｔｔｌｅｉｓｋｎ…     

影像科学与光化学

<正>本刊刊登以下研究领域的创新成果:影像材料与技术、数字成像与器件、生物与医学成像、印刷技术、柔性电子、图像信息处理、遥感图像、信息材料、光学材料与器件、光谱学、辐射固化、光化学、光电化学、光生物、光医学等。     

Use of an automated image processing program to quantify recombinant adenovirus particles.

Electron microscopy has a pivotal role as an analytical tool in pharmaceutical research. However, digital image data have proven to be too large for efficient quantitative analysis. We describe here the development and application of an automated image processing (AIP) program that rapidly quantifies shape measurements of recombinant adenovirus (rAd) obtained from digitized field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images. The program was written using the macro-recording features within Image-Pro Plus software. The macro program, which is linked to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, consists of a series of subroutines designed to automatically measure rAd vector objects from the FESEM images. The application and utility of this macro program has enabled us to rapidly and efficiently analyze very large data sets of rAd samples while minimizing operator time.     

Thin dielectric film thickness determination by advanced transmission electron microscopy.

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) has been used as the ultimate method of thickness measurement for thin films. The appearance of phase contrast interference patterns in HR-TEM images has long been confused as the appearance of a crystal lattice by nonspecialists. Relatively easy to interpret crystal lattice images are now directly observed with the introduction of annular dark-field detectors for scanning TEM (STEM). With the recent development of reliable lattice image processing software that creates crystal structure images from phase contrast data, HR-TEM can also provide crystal lattice images. The resolution of both methods has been steadily improved reaching now into the sub-Angstrom region. Improvements in electron lens and image analysis software are increasing the spatial resolution of both methods. Optimum resolution for STEM requires that the probe beam be highly localized. In STEM, beam localization is enhanced by selection of the correct aperture. When STEM measurement is done using a highly localized probe beam, HR-TEM and STEM measurement of the thickness of silicon oxynitride films agree within experimental error. In this article, the optimum conditions for HR-TEM and STEM measurement are discussed along with a method for repeatable film thickness determination. The impact of sample thickness is also discussed. The key result in this article is the proposal of a reproducible method for film thickness determination.     

Time-based analysis of silver-stained proteins in acrylamide gels

Silver staining of proteins after PAGE often remains the method of choice in many laboratories. Nevertheless, it is known that quantification of protein levels is keenly restricted to a small range of protein concentrations leading to an over- or underestimation of protein amounts. To overcome this, a time-based analysis method was developed to avoid the saturation effect of the silver-staining reaction, thus resulting in an improved dynamic range of the gel image produced and therefore better quantification of proteins. Instead of the well-known end-point image analysis, gray intensities of time series images of a developing gel are determined and times until a threshold gray value is reached are calculated. These times are used to calculate a new grayscale image which can be analyzed using commercial image processing software.     

A computerized system for the digital image processing of ion microscope images

A general program for the digital image processing of ion microscope images is described. The program IONPIX and the accompanying aggregate of related subprograms comprise a basis for the process of extracting the large amount of compositional morphological information contained in ion images. Previous practical applications of the IONPIX software system are also described.     

Enhancement of digital gamma activation autoradiography capabilities by means of computer analysis of the time series images

It has been demonstrated that pixel-by pixel processing of series of autoradiography images for revealing the dynamics of decay of the induced radionuclides is an efficient approach for mapping of radionuclides in the sample in activation autoradiography. Concepts of virtual scanner and corresponding software for linearization of dependence of optical density on scanner response (luminosity) have been introduced. The concept provides unification of the subsequent processing of autoradiograms, irrespective of the method as to how the digital image has been obtained. Algorithms and the software for estimation of decay parameters of a radionuclide mixture for each pixel using a series of coaxially positioned images have been developed. The software is able generate a set of the derivative meta-images allowing a conclusion to be made about the presence of the inclusions in question. To increase the reliability of radionuclide mapping it is suggested to use analysis of distribution of half-life values estimated for pixels of image zone(s) pointed by a special mask.     

Spatial resolution optimization of backscattered electron images using Monte Carlo simulation

The relation between probe size and spatial resolution of backscattered electron (BSE) images was studied. In addition, the effect of the accelerating voltage, the current intensity and the sample geometry and composition were analyzed. An image synthesis method was developed to generate the images from backscattered electron coefficients obtained from Monte Carlo simulations. Spatial resolutions of simulated images were determined with the SMART-J method, which is based on the Fourier transform of the image. The resolution can be improved by either increasing the signal or decreasing the noise of the backscattered electron image. The analyses demonstrate that using a probe size smaller than the size of the observed object (sample features) does not improve the spatial resolution. For a probe size larger than the feature size, the spatial resolution is proportional to the probe size.     

SIMIPS: secondary ion mass image processing system

A secondary ion mass image processing system (SIMIPS) is presented as a quantitative image analysis tool, with emphasis on an efficient man-machine interface. The combined applications of digital image processing and pattern recognition ensure an intelligent problem-resolving scheme and optimal extraction of information. The system performance is evaluated, and typical applications are presented to illustrate the versatility and usefulness of SIMIPS in analyzing digital images.     

An image analysis system for thin-layer chromatography quantification and its validation

Quantitation of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using image analysis is attractive for its low cost and convenience. The image analysis is investigated by designing a digital imaging system with simple equipment, developing an image analysis software based on our algorithm, and validated the system in the TLC quantitative assay of cichoric acid present in Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. TLC used a polyamide thin-layer plate with chloroform-methanol formic acid-water (3:6:1:1) as the mobile phase and 3% (m/v) aqueous aluminum chloride solution as the visualization reagent. Images are acquired with a standard digital camera under a UV viewing lamp (365 nm) in a dark room. The three-dimensional gray scale digital image dataset (x, y, gray) is reduced to two-dimensional dataset (distance, accumulative gray) and then plotted as a curve. The area under the peak corresponding to the cichoric acid spot is integrated and used for quantitation. The whole method was validated by the assay tests of detection limit, calibration curve, repeatability, reproducibility, and recovery. The results showed that our digital imaging method and image analysis algorithm were applicable for the quantification of TLC. The whole method is convenient, efficient, and moderately accurate for the quantitative assay of cichoric acid present in Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.     

基于分通道自适应匹配的梯度保持色彩迁移算法

本文针对经典Welsh与Reinhard算法进行改进，提出一种基于分通道自适应匹配的梯度保持色彩迁移算法。引入L、a、b三通道作为匹配依据，因通道间的序列不相关，对单一通道进行处理时不会影响到另外两通道，消除了RGB颜色模式中单一目标区域易受多通道影响的弊端；对整体灰度值相近的图像，将色度均值差异最大的待处理区与背景区通道及参考图像对应通道进行自适应匹配，解决了Welsh算法对灰度差异小或灰度范围重叠的彩色源图像分级易造成误判的问题。然后引入梯度因子，同参考图像与源图像标准差比值作加权运算，将结果作为本文改进迁移算法的缩放比例系数，对匹配到的每组像素采用保持梯度的色彩迁移算法进行着色，避免了Reinhard算法易出现色彩细节信息丢失、阶调间过渡不自然等问题。实验证明，本文改进算法所得目标图像的彩色化效果均优于经典Welsh与Reinhard算法，极大提升了色彩迁移算法的灵活性与适用性。     

Enhanced feature analysis using wavelets for scanning probe microscopy images of surfaces

In this work we develop wavelet theory for the analysis of surface topography images obtained by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) such as atomic force microscopy (AFM). Wavelet transformation is localized in space and frequency, which can offer an advantage for analyzing information on surface morphology and topography. Wavelet transformation is an ideal tool to detect trends, discontinuities, and short periodicities on a surface. Additionally, wavelets can be used to remove artifacts and noise from scanning microscopy images. In terms of 3-D image analysis, discrete wavelet transform can capture patterns at all relevant frequency scales, thus providing a level of image analysis that is not possible otherwise. It is also possible to use the methodology for analyzing surface structures at the molecular level. The results demonstrate superior capabilities of wavelet approach to scanning probe microscopy image analysis compared to traditional analysis techniques.