单分散α-Fe_2O_3纳米结构空心亚微球的制备及表征

采用一种新的溶液生长法结合多步包覆法在自制的不同粒径SiO2单分散亚微球表面包覆不同厚度的β-FeOOH涂层,得到单分散β-FeOOH/SiO2核壳结构亚微球.实验结果表明,SiO2核心颗粒尺寸对表面涂层的形态和包覆均匀性有很大影响.当SiO2核心颗粒的平均粒径为250 nm左右时,β-FeOOH表面涂层均匀,颗粒间团聚较少,一次包覆后涂层厚度约为35 nm.涂层中β-FeOOH纳米棒的尺寸随着所选SiO2核心颗粒粒径的增大而相应增大.经多次包覆能够显著提高涂层的厚度,3次包覆后β-FeOOH表面涂层厚约100 nm.β-FeOOH/SiO2核壳结构亚微球与质量分数5%的NaOH溶液反应后,于600℃焙烧2 h得到了单分散α-Fe2O3空心微球.单分散α-Fe2O3空心亚微球表层是由α-Fe2O3纳米棒搭建而成的三维网络结构,α-Fe2O3纳米棒的尺寸与核壳结构中β-FeOOH纳米棒的尺寸基本一致.     

α-Fe_2O_3纳米立方体和纳米棒组装空心微球的可控合成及其磁学性能

在0.15mol/LCl-和0.05mol/LSO42-的存在下,通过Fe3 溶液140℃水热反应12h分别得到α-Fe2O3纳米立方体和α-FeOOH纳米棒自组装的微球,将得到的α-FeOOH纳米棒自组装微球经600℃热处理2h后转化为α-Fe2O3纳米棒组装空心微球.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和红外光谱对所得产物进行表征和分析.结果表明,所制备的单分散的α-Fe2O3纳米立方体为六方单晶结构,其边长为500nm.直径为2~4.5μm的空心微球是由直径约150nm的α-Fe2O3纳米棒组装而成.研究了Cl-和SO42-在纳米立方体和空心微球形成过程中的作用,提出了可能的生长机理.在室温下测试了α-Fe2O3纳米立方体和α-Fe2O3纳米棒自组装微球的磁学特性,其矫顽力和剩余磁化强度分别为2858.3Oe(1Oe=79.58A/m)和0.195emu·g-1(1emu·g-1=15.7914×10-9A·m2·kg-1),218.87Oe和0.071emu·g-1.     

核壳结构磁性镁铝复合氧化物亚微米粒子的制备与表征

首先采用溶剂热法制备粒径均匀分散性良好的Fe3O4亚微米粒子,在对其包覆上一层碳膜进行表面修饰后,采用共沉淀法将硝酸根插层LDHs包覆到磁性粒子的表面,然后500℃焙烧2 h得到磁性镁铝复合氧化物亚微米粒子。这种磁性镁铝复合氧化物亚微米粒子具有以镁铝复合氧化物为壳层,Fe3O4为核的核壳结构,其中壳层厚度为20 nm左右,对其进行二次包覆后壳层厚度可达到50 nm左右,并可以方便的通过重复包覆焙烧过程进行调节,从而实现磁性镁铝复合氧化物亚微米粒子的控制制备。同时,磁性镁铝复合氧化物亚微米粒子具有较强的磁性,其比饱和磁化强度为23.3 emu·g-1,对其进行二次包覆并焙烧后为20.1 emu·g-1。     

尿素水解法制备球形磁性Al2O3复合材料

利用酸化法在磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子表面包覆SiO2膜,制备了Fe3O4/SiO2复合粒子。然后将该复合粒子超声分散在尿素和铝盐的混合溶液中,利用油中成型法制备出球形纳米磁性Al2O3复合材料,通过水热焙烧等工序处理得γ-Al2O3。实验中采用XRD、TEM、BET、AGM等方法对复合粒子的性能进行了表征,探讨了制备过程对产物晶型的影响、产物的孔结构变化和磁学性能。另外添加的SiO2膜阻止了磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子的进一步团聚,使得Fe3O4纳米粒子保持较小尺寸并均匀分散在产物中,复合材料表现出超顺磁性;同时SiO2膜防止了磁核部分与Al2O3包覆层在高温焙烧时发生反应;还起到加强粘结的作用,使得Al2O3在使用过程中不容易脱落。     

免疫磁性纳米微球的制备与表征

成功制备了Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒及二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯-甲基丙烯酸(EGDMA-MAA)共聚物包覆的Fe3O4磁性复合微球。将吲哚美辛抗体固定在复合微球表面,形成了Fe3O4(核)/聚合物-抗体(壳)的复合免疫磁性颗粒。XRD结果表明,制备的Fe3O4的晶型为反立方尖晶石型且纯度较高;TEM表征表明Fe3O4粒径较为均匀,平均粒径为12nm;磁性复合微球的平均直径为460nm。制备的Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒和磁性复合微球有较强的磁响应强度,其饱和磁化率分别为49.16和8.38emu/g,能够满足磁性分离的要求。FT IR验证了磁性复合微球中羧基特征峰的存在,表明羧基成功连接在磁性微球上面。通过碳二亚胺/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(EDC/NHS)活化法将微球表面羧基活化并成功与抗吲哚美辛抗体交联。     

控制自由基聚合制备Fe_3O_4/SiO_2/P(AA-MMA-St)磁性复合微球

用原硅酸乙酯对Fe3O4纳米粒子进行表面改性得到Fe3O4/SiO2磁流体.在Fe3O4/SiO2磁流体存在下,以1,1-二苯基乙烯(DPE)为自由基聚合控制剂,利用乳液聚合法制备了Fe3O4/SiO2/P(AA-MMA-St)核-壳磁性复合微球.用红外光谱(FTIR)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、热重分析(TGA)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)对所制备的磁流体、磁性高分子复合微球的结构、形态、性能进行了表征.研究发现,原硅酸乙酯水解后能在Fe3O4表面形成硅膜保护层从而避免Fe3O4的酸蚀,使Fe3O4/SiO2/P(AA-MMA-St)复合微球的比饱和磁化强度比同样条件下制备的Fe3O4/P(AA-MMA-St)微球提高了28%;DPE能有效控制自由基在Fe3O4/SiO2磁流体表面均匀地引发单体聚合,得到平均粒径为422 nm,无机粒子含量为40%,比饱和磁化强度为34.850 emu/g,表面羧基含量为0.176 mmol/g的磁性复合微球.     

SiO_2表面包覆对Fe_3O_4磁性微球性能的影响

采用化学共沉淀法制备Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子;用柠檬酸钠进行表面修饰得到在水相中稳定分散的Fe3O4溶胶。以Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子为种子,用碱催化正硅酸四乙酯水解、缩合制备了粒径和磁性可控的核壳结构的Fe3O4@SiO2复合微球。通过FT-IR,XRD,TEM,VSM和古埃磁天平对Fe3O4@SiO2复合微球进行表征。研究了SiO2包覆对Fe3O4@SiO2复合微球性能的影响。     

基于Fe3O4@SiO2/Ni-NTA磁性微球的His-tag融合蛋白纯化体系的建立

合成了表面共价结合Ni-氨基三乙酸(Ni-NTA)基团的Fe3O4@ SiO2微球,这种磁性微球可用于分离含有His-tag标签的融合蛋白.微球中心由尺寸约402 nm的Fe3O4微粒组成,赋予了微球极好的磁性分离和离心分离的特性.应用Fe3O4@ SiO2/Ni-NTA磁性微球对含有6×His-tag(6聚组氨酸)标签的蛋白进行了分离纯化,结果表明,10 mg Fe3O4@ SiO2/Ni-NTA微球能够从10mL重组蛋白裂解液中纯化出约1 mg带有6×His-tag标签的融合蛋白.微球的高效分离效果使其能够用于含量较低的带有6×His-tag标签蛋白的分离纯化.     

介孔SiO2/Fe3O4中空磁性微球的漆酶固定化

以介孔SiO2/Fe3O4磁性中空微球作为载体,采用物理吸附法对漆酶进行固定化,考察了时间、温度和pH值对漆酶固定化效果的影响,并对固定漆酶的活性及稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,介孔SiO2/Fe3O4磁性中空微球吸附漆酶分子后,介孔材料的比表面积与孔体积均减小.在3 h时复合微球对漆酶的吸附达到平衡,复合微球中介孔SiO2对漆酶的有效固定量为689 mg/g,大大高于纯介孔材料MCM-41的漆酶固定量(319 mg/g).在pH=3～6的条件下,复合微球中固定漆酶仍保持70%以上的相对酶活.当温度不高于60℃时,固定漆酶的相对酶活仍保持65%以上.固定漆酶的pH稳定性和热稳定性都明显优于游离漆酶,固定漆酶的米氏常数为1.05 mmol/L,与游离漆酶相比,固定漆酶与底物的亲和力有所降低.当2,4-二氯苯酚的浓度为10 mg/L时,固定漆酶对其去除率在6 h时达到81.6%,表现出很好的催化活性.     

细乳液聚合法制备磁性复合微球及其表征

在制备超细Fe3O4 磁性粒子的基础上 ,以 3种低分子量聚合物Disperbyk 1 0 6、Disperbyk 1 0 8和Disperbyk 1 1 1为Fe3O4 微粒在单体相中的分散稳定剂 ,采用细乳液聚合法制备了平均粒径为 3 40nm的PS Fe3O4 磁性复合微球 .详细研究了分散剂种类对细乳液聚合制备磁性复合微球的影响 ,并采用XRD、TGA和TEM等手段对磁性复合微球的形态、结构及磁响应性等进行了表征 .实验结果证明分散剂的选择对磁性复合微球的成功制备起着至关重要的作用 ,兼具酸性和碱性功能基的分散剂Disperbyk 1 0 6具有更好的分散和稳定效果 .TEM结果表明 ,所制备的复合微球具有一些缺陷 ,而缺陷处往往是Fe3O4 磁性粒子聚集的地方     

Ba3 (VO4)2-K2 Ba(MoO4)2 and Pb3 (VO4)2-K2 Pb(MoO4)2 systems

Phase equilibria in the Ba₃(VO₄)₂-K₂Ba(MoO₄)₂ and Pb3(VO₄)₂-K₂Pb(MoO₄)₂ systems have been investigated. In the first system, a continuous series of substitutional solid solutions with the palmierite structure is formed, and in the second one, the polymorphic transition in lead orthovanadate at 100°C restricts the extent of the palmierite-type solid solution to 10–100 mol % K₂Pb(MoO₄)₂. Original Russian Text ? V.D. Zhuravlev, Yu.A. Velikodnyi, A.S. Vinogradova-Zhabrova, A.P. Tyutyunnik, V.G. Zubkov, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 10, pp. 1746–1748.     

Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2正极材料的Ga2O3包覆改性及电化学性能

首先采用共沉淀方法制备富锂锰基正极材料 Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂原始样品(P-LRMO), 然后通过简单的湿化学法以及低温煅烧方法对其进行不同含量 Ga₂O₃原位包覆。透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明在 P-LRMO表面成功合成了 Ga₂O₃包覆层。电化学测试结果表明:含有 3 %Ga₂O₃的改性材料 G3-LRMO具有最优的电化学性能, 其在 0.1C倍率(电流密度为 25 mA·g^-1)下首圈充放电比容量可以达到 270.1 mAh·g^-1, 在 5C倍率下容量仍能保持 127.4 mAh·g^-1, 优于未改性材料的 90.7 mAh·g^-1, 表现出优异的倍率性能。G3-LRMO在 1C倍率下循环 200圈后仍有 190.7 mAh·g^-1的容量, 容量保持率由未改性前的 72.9 %提升至 85.6 %, 证明 Ga₂O₃包覆改性能有效提升富锂锰基材料的循环稳定性。并且, G3-LRMO在 1C倍率下循环 100圈后, 电荷转移阻抗(R_ct)为 107.7 Ω, 远低于未改性材料的 251.5 Ω, 表明 Ga₂O₃包覆层能提高材料的电子传输速率。     

Investigation of phase equilibria in the systems K2SO4Sc2(SO4)3, Rb2SO4Sc2(SO4)3 and Cs2SO4Sc2(SO4)3

Phase diagrams of the systems K₂SO₄Sc₂(SO₄)₃, Rb₂SO ₄Sc₂(SO₄)₃ and Cs₂SO₄ Sc₂(SO₄)₃ have been investigated by X-ray diffraction phase analysis and differential thermal analysis techniques. A salient feature of all the systems is the formation of M₃Sc(SO₄)₃, which melt incongruently, and MSc(SO₄)₂, which on heating decompose in the solid state.     

Synthesis and molecular structures of heptafluoroisopropylated fullerenes: C60(i-C3F7)8, C60(i-C3F7)6, and C60(CF3)2(i-C3F7)2

One isomer of C₆₀(i-C₃F₇)₈, three isomers of C₆₀(i-C₃F₇)₆, and the first mixed perfluoroalkylated fullerene, C₆₀(CF₃)₂(i-C₃F₇)₂, have been isolated by HPLC from a mixture prepared by reaction of C₆₀ with heptafluoroisopropyl iodide in a glass ampoule at 260-290 °C. The molecular structures of the four new compounds have been determined by means of X-ray single crystal diffraction partially also by use of synchrotron radiation. Theoretical calculations at the DFT level of theory have been employed to rationalize the energetics of isomers and of C₆₀-R_f binding.     

Phase transitions in Ca3(BN2)2 and Sr3(BN2)2

α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ crystallizes in the cubic system (space group: ) with one type of calcium ions disordered over of equivalent (8c) positions. An ordered low-temperature phase (β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂) was prepared and found to crystallize in the orthorhombic system (space group: Cmca) with lattice parameters: , , and . Structure refinements on the basis of X-ray powder data have revealed that orthorhombic β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ corresponds to an ordered super-structure of cubic α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂. The space group Cmca assigned for β-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ is derived from by a group-subgroup relationship.DSC measurements and temperature-dependent in situ X-ray powder diffraction studies showed reversible phase transitions between β- and α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ with transition temperatures between 215 and 240 °C.The structure Sr₃(BN₂)₂ was reported isotypic with α-Ca₃(BN₂)₂ () with one type of strontium ions being disordered over of equivalent (2c) positions. In addition, a primitive () structure has been reported for Sr₃(BN₂)₂. Phase stability studies on Sr₃(BN₂)₂ revealed a phase transition between a primitive and a body-centred lattice around 820 °C. The experiments showed that both previously published structures are correct and can be assigned as α-Sr₃(BN₂)₂ (, high-temperature phase), and β-Sr₃(BN₂)₂ (, low-temperature phase).A comparison of Ca₃(BN₂)₂ and Sr₃(BN₂)₂ phases reveals that the different types of cation disordering present in both of the cubic α-phases () have a directing influence on the formation of two distinct (orthorhombic and cubic) low-temperature phases.     

Syntheses, structures, and properties of Ag4(Mo2O5)(SeO4)2(SeO3) and Ag2(MoO3)3SeO3

Ag₄(Mo₂O₅)(SeO₄)₂(SeO₃) has been synthesized by reacting AgNO₃, MoO₃, and selenic acid under mild hydrothermal conditions. The structure of this compound consists of cis-MoO₂²⁺ molybdenyl units that are bridged to neighboring molybdenyl moieties by selenate anions and by a bridging oxo anion. These dimeric units are joined by selenite anions to yield zigzag one-dimensional chains that extended down the c-axis. Individual chains are polar with the C₂ distortion of the Mo(VI) octahedra aligning on one side of each chain. However, the overall structure is centrosymmetric because neighboring chains have opposite alignment of the C₂ distortion. Upon heating Ag₄(Mo₂O₅)(SeO₄)₂(SeO₃) looses SeO₂ in two distinct steps to yield Ag₂MoO₄. Crystallographic data: (193 K; MoKα, λ=0.71073 Å): orthorhombic, space group Pbcm, a=5.6557(3), b=15.8904(7), c=15.7938(7) Å, V=1419.41(12), Z=4, R(F)=2.72% for 121 parameters with 1829 reflections with I>2σ(I). Ag₂(MoO₃)₃SeO₃ was synthesized by reacting AgNO₃ with MoO₃, SeO₂, and HF under hydrothermal conditions. The structure of Ag₂(MoO₃)₃SeO₃ consists of three crystallographically unique Mo(VI) centers that are in 2+2+2 coordination environments with two long, two intermediate, and two short bonds. These MoO₆ units are connected to form a molybdenyl ribbon that extends along the c-axis. These ribbons are further connected together through tridentate selenite anions to form two-dimensional layers in the [bc] plane. Crystallographic data: (193 K; MoKα, λ=0.71073 Å): monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, a=7.7034(5), b=11.1485(8), c=12.7500(9) Å, β=105.018(1) V=1002.7(2), Z=4, R(F)=3.45% for 164 parameters with 2454 reflections with I>2σ(I). Ag₂(MoO₃)₃SeO₃ decomposes to Ag₂Mo₃O₁₀ on heating above 550 °C.     

Luminescence properties of efficient X-ray phosphors of YBa3B9O18, LuBa3(BO3)3, α-YBa3(BO3)3 and LuBO3

The samples of YBa₃B₉O₁₈, LuBa₃(BO₃)₃, α-YBa₃(BO₃)₃ and LuBO₃ powders have been synthesized by the solid-state reaction methods at high temperature and their X-ray excited luminescent properties were investigated. All the studied materials show a broad emission band in the wavelength range of 300-550 nm with the peak centers at about 385 nm for YBa₃B₉O₁₈ and LuBa₃(BO₃)₃, 415 nm for α-YBa₃(BO₃)₃ and 360 nm for LuBO₃ powders, respectively. Even though those compounds have the different atomic structures, they have the common structural feature of each yttrium or lutetium ion bonded to six separate BO₃ groups, i.e., octahedral RE(BO₃)₆ (RE=Lu or Y) moiety. This octahedral RE(BO₃)₆(RE=Lu or Y) moiety seems to be an important structural element for efficient X-ray excited luminescence of those compounds, as are the edge-sharing octahedral TaO₆ chains for tantalate emission.     

A new three-dimensional cobalt phosphate: Co5(OH2)4(HPO4)2(PO4)2

A three-dimensional (3D) cobalt phosphate: Co₅(OH₂)₄(HPO₄)₂(PO₄)₂ (1), has been synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetic techniques. The title compound is a template free cobalt phosphate. Compound 1 exhibits a complex net architecture based on edge- and corner-sharing of CoO₆ and PO₄ polyhedra. The magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated that the title compound obeys Curie-Weiss behavior down to a temperature of 17 K at which an antiferromagnetic phase transition occurs.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of gallosilicate- and aluminogermanate tetrahydroborate sodalites Na8[GaSiO4]6(BH4)2 and Na8[AlGeO4]6(BH4)2

Tetrahydroborate enclathrated sodalites with gallosilicate and aluminogermanate host framework were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and IR spectroscopy. Crystal structures were refined in the space group P-43n from X-ray powder data using the Rietveld method. Na₈[GaSiO₄]₆(BH₄)₂: a=895.90(1) pm, V=0.71909(3)×10⁻⁶ nm³, R_P=0.074, R_B=0.022, Na₈[AlGeO₄]₆(BH₄)₂: a=905.89(2) pm, V=0.74340(6)×10⁻⁶ nm³, R_P=0.082, R_B=0.026. The tetrahedral framework T-atoms are completely ordered in each case and the boron atoms are located at the centre of the sodalite cages. The hydrogen atoms of the enclathrated anions were refined on x, x, x positions, restraining them to boron-hydrogen distances of 116.8 pm as found in NaBD₄.The IR-absorption spectra of the novel phases show the typical bands of the tetrahedral group as found in the spectrum of pure sodium boron hydride.The new sodalites are discussed as interesting -containing model compounds which could release pure hydrogen.     

Synthesis and structural investigation of the compounds containing HF2 anions: Ca(HF2)2, Ba4F4(HF2)(PF6)3 and Pb2F2(HF2)(PF6)

Three new compounds Ca(HF₂)₂, Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ and Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) were obtained in the system metal(II) fluoride and anhydrous HF (aHF) acidified with excessive PF₅. The obtained polymeric solids are slightly soluble in aHF and they crystallize out of their aHF solutions. Ca(HF₂)₂ was prepared by simply dissolving CaF₂ in a neutral aHF. It represents the second known compound with homoleptic HF environment of the central atom besides Ba(H₃F₄)₂. The compounds Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ and Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) represent two additional examples of the formation of a polymeric zigzag ladder or ribbon composed of metal cation and fluoride anion (MF⁺)_n besides PbF(AsF₆), the first isolated compound with such zigzag ladder. The obtained new compounds were characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction method and partly by Raman spectroscopy. Ba₄F₄(HF₂)(PF₆)₃ crystallizes in a triclinic space group P1¯ with a=4.5870(2) Å, b=8.8327(3) Å, c=11.2489(3) Å, α=67.758(9)°, β=84.722(12), γ=78.283(12)°, V=413.00(3) Å³ at 200 K, Z=1 and R=0.0588. Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) at 200 K: space group P1¯, a=4.5722(19) Å, b=4.763(2) Å, c=8.818(4) Å, α=86.967(10)°, β=76.774(10)°, γ=83.230(12)°, V=185.55(14) ų, Z=1 and R=0.0937. Pb₂F₂(HF₂)(PF₆) at 293 K: space group P1¯, a=4.586(2) Å, b=4.781(3) Å, c=8.831(5) Å, α=87.106(13)°, β=76.830(13)°, γ=83.531(11)°, V=187.27(18) Å³, Z=1 and R=0.072. Ca(HF₂)₂ crystallizes in an orthorhombic Fddd space group with a=5.5709(6) Å, b=10.1111(9) Å, c=10.5945(10) Å, V=596.77(10) Å³ at 200 K, Z=8 and R=0.028.