Systems of quadratic Diophantine inequalities and the value distribution of quadratic forms

Let Q ₁,…,Q _r be quadratic forms with real coefficients. We prove that the set {(Q₁(x),?,Q_r(x)) | x ? \Bbb Z^s}\{(Q_1(x),\ldots ,Q_r(x))\,\vert\, x\in{\Bbb Z}^s\} is dense in \Bbb R^r{\Bbb R}^r , provided that the system Q ₁(x) = 0,…,Q _r (x) = 0 has a nonsingular real solution and all forms in the real pencil generated by Q ₁,…,Q _r are irrational and have rank larger than 8r. Moreover, we give a quantitative version of the above assertion. As an application we study higher correlation functions of the value distribution of a positive definite irrational quadratic form.     

SOME EULER SPACES OF DIFFERENCE SEQUENCES OF ORDER m

Kizmaz [13] studied the difference sequence spaces e∞(△), c(△), and c0(△).Several article dealt with the sets of sequences of m-th order difference of which are bounded, convergent, or convergent to zero. Altay and Basar [5] and Altay, Basar, and Mursaleen [7] introduced the Euler sequence spaces eτ0, eτ0, andeτ∞, respectively. The main purpose of this article is to introduce the spaces eτ0(△(m)), eτc(△(m)), and eτ∞(△(m)) consisting of all sequences whose mth order differences are in the Euler spaces eτ0, eτc, and eτ∞, respectively. Moreover, the authors give some topological properties and inclusion relations, and determine the α-, β-, and γ-duals of the spaces eτ0(△(m)), eτc(△(m)), and eτ∞(△(m)), and the Schauder basis of the spaces eτ0(△(m)), eτc(△(m)). The last section of the article is devoted to the characterization of some matrix mappings on the sequence space eτc(△(m)).     

Spectra of Maximal 1-Sided Ideals and Primitive Ideals

R is any ring with identity. Let Spec _r (R) (resp. Max _r (R), Prim _r (R)) denote the set of all right prime ideals (resp. all maximal right ideals, all right primitive ideals) of R and let U _r (eR) = {P ? Spec _r (R)| e ? P}. Let  = ∪_{P?Prim r (R)} Spec _r ^P (R), where Spec _r ^P (R) = {Q ?Spec _r ^P (R)|P is the largest ideal contained in Q}. A ring is called right quasi-duo if every maximal right ideal is 2-sided. In this article, we study the properties of the weak Zariski topology on  and the relationships among various ring-theoretic properties and topological conditions on it. Then the following results are obtained for any ring R: (1) R is right quasi-duo ring if and only if  is a space with Zariski topology if and only if, for any Q ? , Q is irreducible as a right ideal in R. (2) For any clopen (i.e., closed and open) set U in ? = Max _r (R) ∪  Prim _r (R) (resp.  = Prim _r (R)) there is an element e in R with e ² ? e ? J(R) such that U = U _r (eR) ∩  ? (resp. U = U _r (eR) ∩  ), where J(R) is the Jacobson of R. (3) Max _r (R) ∪  Prim _r (R) is connected if and only if Max _l (R) ∪  Prim _l (R) is connected if and only if Prim _r (R) is connected.     

On the structure of quasiconvex hulls

We define the set K_{q,e ⊂ K} of quasiconvex extreme points for compact sets K ⊂ M^N×n and study its properties. We show that K_q,e is the smallest generator of Q(K)-the quasiconvex hull of K, in the sense that Q(K_q,e) = Q(K), and that for every compact subset W ⊂ Q(K) with Q(W) = Q(K), K_q,e ⊂ W. The set of quasiconvex extreme points relies on K only in the sense that . We also establish that K_e ⊂ K_q,e, where K_e is the set of extreme points of C(K)-the convex hull of K. We give various examples to show that K_q,e is not necessarily closed even when Q(K) is not convex; and that for some nonconvex Q(K), K_q,e = K_e. We apply the results to the two well and three well problems studied in martensitic phase transitions.     

Adaption allows efficient integration of functions with unknown singularities

We study numerical integration for functions f with singularities. Nonadaptive methods are inefficient in this case, and we show that the problem can be efficiently solved by adaptive quadratures at cost similar to that for functions with no singularities. Consider first a class of functions whose derivatives of order up to r are continuous and uniformly bounded for any but one singular point. We propose adaptive quadratures Q*_n, each using at most n function values, whose worst case errors are proportional to n^−r. On the other hand, the worst case error of nonadaptive methods does not converge faster than n⁻¹. These worst case results do not extend to the case of functions with two or more singularities; however, adaption shows its power even for such functions in the asymptotic setting. That is, let F^∞_r be the class of r-smooth functions with arbitrary (but finite) number of singularities. Then a generalization of Q*_n yields adaptive quadratures Q**_n such that |I(f)−Q**_n(f)|=O(n^−r) for any f ∈ F^∞_r. In addition, we show that for any sequence of nonadaptive methods there are `many' functions in F^∞_r for which the errors converge no faster than n⁻¹. Results of numerical experiments are also presented. The authors were partially supported, respectively, by the State Committee for Scientific Research of Poland under Project 1 P03A 03928 and by the National Science Foundation under Grant CCR-0095709.     

Systems of quadratic Diophantine inequalities and the value distribution of quadratic forms

Let Q ₁,…,Q _r be quadratic forms with real coefficients. We prove that the set is dense in , provided that the system Q ₁(x) = 0,…,Q _r (x) = 0 has a nonsingular real solution and all forms in the real pencil generated by Q ₁,…,Q _r are irrational and have rank larger than 8r. Moreover, we give a quantitative version of the above assertion. As an application we study higher correlation functions of the value distribution of a positive definite irrational quadratic form. Author’s address: Institut für Statistik, Technische Universit?t Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria     

Minimal Bar Tableaux

Motivated by recent results of Stanley, we generalize the rank of a partition λ to the rank of a shifted partition S(λ). We show that the number of bars required in a minimal bar tableau of S(λ) is max(o, e + (ℓ(λ) mod 2)), where o and e are the number of odd and even rows of λ. As a consequence we show that the irreducible projective characters of S_n vanish on certain conjugacy classes. Another corollary is a lower bound on the degree of the terms in the expansion of Schur’s Q_λ symmetric functions in terms of the power sum symmetric functions. Received November 20, 2003     

The Hilbert function of a maximal Cohen-Macaulay module

We study Hilbert functions of maximal CM modules over CM local rings. When A is a hypersurface ring with dimension d>0, we show that the Hilbert function of M with respect to is non-decreasing. If A=Q/(f) for some regular local ring Q, we determine a lower bound for e₀(M) and e₁(M) and analyze the case when equality holds. When A is Gorenstein a relation between the second Hilbert coefficient of M, A and S^A(M)= (Syz^A₁(M*))* is found when G(M) is CM and depthG(A)≥d−1. We give bounds for the first Hilbert coefficients of the canonical module of a CM local ring and analyze when equality holds. We also give good bounds on Hilbert coefficients of M when M is maximal CM and G(M) is CM.     

On the square root of a positive B( )-valued function

Let (Ω, , μ) be a measure space, a separable Banach space, and ^* the space of all bounded conjugate linear functionals on . Let f be a weak^* summable positive B( ^*)-valued function defined on Ω. The existence of a separable Hilbert space , a weakly measurable B( )-valued function Q satisfying the relation Q^*(ω)Q(ω) = f(ω) is proved. This result is used to define the Hilbert space L_2,f of square integrable operator-valued functions with respect to f. It is shown that for B⁺( ^*)-valued measures, the concepts of weak^*, weak, and strong countable additivity are all the same. Connections with stochastic processes are explained.     

On some new paranormed euler sequence spaces and Euler Core

In this paper, the sequence spaces e0^τ（u, p） and ec^τ（u, p） of non-absolute type which are the generalization of the Maddox sequence spaces have been introduced and it is proved that the spaces e0^τ（u,p） and ec^τ（u,p） are linearly isomorphic to spaces co（p） and c（p）, respectively. Furthermore, the α-, β- and γ-duals of the spaces 0^τ（u,p） and ec^τ（u,p） have been computed and their bases have been constructed and some topological properties of these spaces have been investigated. Besides this, the class of matrices （e0^τ）（u, p） ： μ） has been characterized, where μ is one of the sequence spaces l∞, c and co and derives the other characterizations for the special cases of μ. In the last section, Euler Core of a complex-valued sequence has been introduced, and we prove some inclusion theorems related to this new type of core.     

Asymptotics for Solutions of Elliptic Equations in Double Divergence Form

We consider weak solutions of an elliptic equation of the form ? _i ? _i (a _ij u) = 0 and their asymptotic properties at an interior point. We assume that the coefficients are bounded, measurable, complex-valued functions that stabilize as x → 0 in that the norm of the matrix (a _ij (x) ? δ _ij ) on the annulus B _2r \ B _r is bounded by a function Ω(r), where Ω²(r) satisfies the Dini condition at r = 0, as well as some technical monotonicity conditions; under these assumptions, solutions need not be continuous. Our main result is an explicit formula for the leading asymptotic term for solutions with at most a mild singularity at x = 0. As a consequence, we obtain upper and lower estimates for the L ^p -norm of solutions, as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for solutions to be bounded or tend to zero in L ^p -mean as r → 0.     

Perfect fractional matchings in random hypergraphs

Given an r-uniform hypergraph H = (V, E) on |V| = n vertices, a real-valued function f:E→R⁺ is called a perfect fractional matching if Σ_vϵe f(e) ≤ 1 for all vϵV and Σ_eϵE f(e) = n/r. Considering a random r-uniform hypergraph process of n vertices, we show that with probability tending to 1 as n→ infinity, at the very moment t₀ when the last isolated vertex disappears, the hypergraph H_t0 has a perfect fractional matching. This result is clearly best possible. As a consequence, we derive that if p(n) = (ln n + w(n))/ , where w(n) is any function tending to infinity with n, then with probability tending to 1 a random r-uniform hypergraph on n vertices with edge probability p has a perfect fractional matching. Similar results hold also for random r-partite hypergraphs. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

On piecewise-polynomial approximation of functions with a bounded fractional derivative in an Lp-norm

We study the error in approximating functions with a bounded (r + α)th derivative in an L_p-norm. Here r is a nonnegative integer, α ε [0, 1), and ƒ^{(r + α)} is the classical fractional derivative, i.e., ƒ^{(r + α)}(y) = ∝₀¹, ^α d(ƒ^(r)(t)). We prove that, for any such function ƒ, there exists a piecewise-polynomial of degree s that interpolates ƒ at n equally spaced points and that approximates ƒ with an error (in sup-norm) ƒ^{(r + α)}_p O(n^{−(r+α−1/p}). We also prove that no algorithm based on n function and/or derivative values of ƒ has the error equal ƒ^{(r + α)}_p O(n^{−(r+α−1/p}) for any ƒ. This implies the optimality of piecewise-polynomial interpolation. These two results generalize well-known results on approximating functions with bounded rth derivative (α = 0). We stress that the piecewise-polynomial approximation does not depend on α nor on p. It does not depend on the exact value of r as well; what matters is an upper bound s on r, s r. Hence, even without knowing the actual regularity (r, α, and p) of ƒ, we can approximate the function ƒ with an error equal (modulo a constant) to the minimal worst case error when the regularity were known.     

The size-Ramsey number of trees

IfG andH are graphs, let us writeG→(H)₂ ifG contains a monochromatic copy ofH in any 2-colouring of the edges ofG. Thesize-Ramsey number r _e(H) of a graphH is the smallest possible number of edges a graphG may have ifG→(H)₂. SupposeT is a tree of order |T|≥2, and lett ₀,t ₁ be the cardinalities of the vertex classes ofT as a bipartite graph, and let Δ(T) be the maximal degree ofT. Moreover, let Δ₀, Δ₁ be the maxima of the degrees of the vertices in the respective vertex classes, and letβ(T)=T ₀Δ₀+t ₁Δ₁. Beck [7] proved thatβ(T)/4≤r _e(T)=O{β(T)(log|T|)¹²}, improving on a previous result of his [6] stating thatr _e(T)≤Δ(T)|T|(log|T|)¹². In [6], Beck conjectures thatr _e(T)=O{Δ(T)|T|}, and in [7] he puts forward the stronger conjecture thatr _e(T)=O{β(T)}. Here, we prove the first of these conjectures, and come quite close to proving the second by showing thatr _e(T)=O{β(T)logΔ(T)}.     

Some Poincaré-type inequalities for functions of bounded deformation involving the deviatoric part of the symmetric gradient

It is proved that if Ω ⊂ Rⁿ {R^n}  is a bounded Lipschitz domain, then the inequality || u ||₁ \leqslant c(n)\textdiam( W)ò_W | e^D(u) | {\left\| u \right\|_1} \leqslant c(n){\text{diam}}\left( \Omega \right)\int\limits_\Omega {\left| {{\varepsilon^D}(u)} \right|} is valid for functions of bounded deformation vanishing on ∂Ω. Here e^D(u) {\varepsilon^D}(u) denotes the deviatoric part of the symmetric gradient and ò_W | e^D(u) | \int\limits_\Omega {\left| {{\varepsilon^D}(u)} \right|} stands for the total variation of the tensor-valued measure e^D(u) {\varepsilon^D}(u) . Further results concern possible extensions of this Poincaré-type inequality. Bibliography: 27 titles.     

Regularized inner products of distorted plane waves and near-forward inverse scattering

Regularized inner products, r(s, e₁, e₂,) of the distorted plane waves fór the plasma wave equation u_u ? Δu + qu = 0 are introduced for potentials with compact support. The regularized inner product may be represented in terms of the far-field pattern. The use of the WKB approximation shows that the behaviour of r as e₂ → ? e₁ is closely related to the Radon transform of q. This observation indicates the possibility of finding the Radon transform of q in terms of r(s, e₁, e₂) and then of recovering q by means of the inverse Radon transform.     

On some operators inc 0

Theorem. Let S be a bounded Suslin set in the plane. Then there is a bounded linear operator T in c_o, whose point spectrum σ _e (T)=S.     

Multi-dimensional coupled diffusion process

In this paper, the formal differential expression is considered, whereQ ₁,Q ₂ are general elliptic operators with bounded coefficientsa _ij (x), b _i (x) and bounded absorptionC ₁₁ (x),C ₂₂ (x),xR ⁿ . It is proved thatL generates semigroup the coupled diffusion semigroup acting on functions with zero limit at infinity. The associated Markov process is constructed and shown to have nice trajectory properties.     

Maximum weight independent sets and matchings in sparse random graphs. Exact results using the local weak convergence method

Let G(n,c/n) and G_r(n) be an n‐node sparse random graph and a sparse random r‐regular graph, respectively, and let I(n,r) and I(n,c) be the sizes of the largest independent set in G(n,c/n) and G_r(n). The asymptotic value of I(n,c)/n as n → ∞, can be computed using the Karp‐Sipser algorithm when c ≤ e. For random cubic graphs, r = 3, it is only known that .432 ≤ lim inf_n I(n,3)/n ≤ lim sup_n I(n,3)/n ≤ .4591 with high probability (w.h.p.) as n → ∞, as shown in Frieze and Suen [Random Structures Algorithms 5 (1994), 649–664] and Bollabas [European J Combin 1 (1980), 311–316], respectively. In this paper we assume in addition that the nodes of the graph are equipped with nonnegative weights, independently generated according to some common distribution, and we consider instead the maximum weight of an independent set. Surprisingly, we discover that for certain weight distributions, the limit lim_n I(n,c)/n can be computed exactly even when c > e, and lim_n I(n,r)/n can be computed exactly for some r ≥ 1. For example, when the weights are exponentially distributed with parameter 1, lim_n I(n,2e)/n ≈ .5517, and lim_n I(n,3)/n ≈ .6077. Our results are established using the recently developed local weak convergence method further reduced to a certain local optimality property exhibited by the models we consider. We extend our results to maximum weight matchings in G(n,c/n) and G_r(n). For the case of exponential distributions, we compute the corresponding limits for every c > 0 and every r ≥ 2. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2006     

Weak Asymptotics for the Generating Polynomials of the Stirling Numbers of the Second Kind

For the horizontal generating functions P_n(z)=∑ⁿ_k=1 S(n, k) z^k of the Stirling numbers of the second kind, strong asymptotics are established, as n→∞. By using the saddle point method for Q_n(z)=P_n(nz) there are two main results: an oscillating asymptotic for z(−e, 0) and a uniform asymptotic on every compact subset of \[−e, 0]. Finally, an Airy asymptotic in the neighborhood of −e is deduced.