安徽省淮河行蓄洪区人口外迁安置点优选模型

行蓄洪区是淮河防洪工程体系的重要组成部分,区内人口安置不仅关系到其及时运用,更关系到区域社会经济的可持续发展.以单退适度集中农业就近安置为例,系统分析人口安置点选择的影响因素,据此构建了外迁安置点评价指标体系,用AHP确定指标的权重,建立基于公民意愿的评价队伍结构,运用模糊数学方法建立单指标评价向量,通过模糊综合评价法给出方案的综合评价结果,从而形成了完备的安置点优选模型.用该优选模型进行了实证应用分析.     

基于层次分析法的多属性灰决策方法及应用

提出了系统多层次多属性群决策的灰色关联分析法的优选模型,将优选方案的影响因素分成若干个子系统,每个子系统有相应的评价指标组成.首先根据评价指标的灰色关联系数,再由加权名氏距离计算出各指标的权重,然后得到各优选方案与各子系统的灰色关联度.由群决策确定完各子系统的权重之后,最终得到各优选方案的综合属性值并排序选优.将模型应用于4座矿井的安全系统评估,得到了与实际情况相符的评价结果.     

基于灰关联综合评估的水利枢纽工程坝型优选

综合考虑影响坝型选择的众多因素 ,建立了分三层五个子系统的坝型优选模型 ,运用灰关联综合评估对模型进行求解 ,解决了水利枢纽工程坝型优化选择问题 .对于模型中定性影响因素定量化的问题 ,采用了集值统计法处理 .最后利用模型进行了实例分析决策 .     

蜘蛛网结构性能研究

以蛛网捕丝与放射丝结点为研究对象,首先应用达朗贝尔原理对结点进行受力分析,运用动力松弛法将猎物作用于结点的动态力变为静力建模;然后考虑不同捕食策略对蛛网结构的影响,将捕食策略变为约束条件,蛛丝上的最小残余力作为优化目标,建立基于捕食策略的单目标规划模型;最后提出将环境影响因子转化为目标函数的约束条件的模型改进方法。     

基于灰色可拓优度的联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案评估研究

弹药是构成武器系统的重要组成部分,是军队战斗力的重要构成因素,弹药消耗预测是一个复杂的问题,它是弹药保障的基本依据,是我军做好军事斗争装备准备弹药物资精确化保障的重要条件.在联合火力打击中的陆军弹药消耗预测影响因素多,不确定性强,许多因素难以在预测过程中定量地计算,如何确定和优选联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案是否达到规定要求或从中优选出最佳的方案是一个复杂的评估问题.在分析联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗影响因素的基础上,构建了包含打击目标、作战持续时间、作战任务、参战部队综合战斗力指数、指挥信息系统信息化程度、武器装备及弹药性能等6个2级指标共26个底层指标的评估指标体系,基于灰色模糊的思想和层析分析法(AHP)综合确定指标权重,在此基础上进一步构建了联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案的可拓优度评估模型,运用此模型对联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案的进行总体评估,评估结果表明模型是一种有效的联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案评估方法,可为联合火力打击陆军弹药消耗预测方案的确定和评估优选提供新的有效途径.     

基于集对分析的一种优选模型确定水库正常蓄水位

针对鲁皂水库正常蓄水位优选中各指标不相容问题,利用集对分析理论构建正常蓄水位优选模型,将参选水库正常蓄水位方案的多个指标合成为一个与标准评价集的优越度,用来描述水库正常蓄水位方案的总体综合优越性.研究结果表明,鲁皂水库正常蓄水位为1386m,采用对立与同一优选模型确定水库特征水位合理可行,模型结构简洁,计算量小.     

基于粗糙集和相对熵的工程项目投标决策研究

工程招投标已成为建筑市场最主要的竞争模式,投标决策是建筑企业必须面对和要解决的首要难题.在分析投标风险因素的基础上,针对投标风险影响因素众多且复杂,不确定性等特点,提出基于粗糙集理论和相对熵的投标优选模型.首先,分别运用层次分析法和改进的粗糙集条件信息熵确定指标主、客观权重,然后采用博弈集结模型对指标主客观权重进行组合赋权.其次,针对TOPSIS决策模型的不足,运用相对熵理论构建投标优选模型对投标项目进行投标决策.最后,结合工程实例并运用相对熵投标决策模型对投标项目进行优选,验证模型的合理性和可操作性.     

基于组合赋权和灰色关联投影法的区域能源供应系统评价研究

通过分析区域能源供应系统综合性能评价影响因素,设计系统评价指标体系,运用层次分析法(AHP)和熵权法结合的组合赋权法确定指标权重,构建加权灰色关联决策矩阵,最终提出了一种基于组合赋权和灰色关联投影法的区域能源供应系统方案优选方法.运用灰色关联投影值对备选方案进行优劣排序,案例分析表明该模型具有程序化、科学实用、便于操作等特点,具有推广和应用价值.     

简化的消去与选择转换法在施工方案优选中的应用

为了探讨工程项目施工方案决策的有效方法,提高建筑施工企业生产力水平.采用进行简化的消去与选择转换法(ELECTRE)法在建设工程项目施工方案优选中的应用研究.给出简化ELECTRE法计算过程和工程项目施工方案优选的基本步骤,并以剪力墙结构模板施工方案优选为实例进行分析,在MATLAB平台上编程进行了计算.算例分析结果表明,简化的ELECTRE法可以得到考虑多因素影响的施工方案优劣顺序,原理清楚简单,适于程序化计算排序结果准确可靠.最后简化的ELECTRE法可以有效地解决施工方案优选问题,具有良好的理论和工程应用价值.     

基于云化双重AHP模型的地铁施工方案选择研究

根据专家对于方案评判指标重要性的自然思维对比过程和形成数据的特点,提出了云化双重AHP模型对备选方案进行选优,并应用于地铁施工方案选择.专家的自然思维对比过程分两次进行.第一次是赖于工程背景,不同施工方案之间相同评判指标的比较;第二次是不考虑实际工程背景下的各指标比较.使用云模型嵌入AHP是为了对专家提供的不确定信息进行处理.基于上述两点考虑构建了云化双重AHP模型.分析了4种隧道施工方案,得到了方案选优指标.分析结果表明:对于给定的工程背景,使用盾构法施工是最优的.最后将该模型与现有4种模型进行对比,说明了模型的相对优点.     

Optimal Design of Hole Reinforcements for Composite Structures

In many technical applications like aerospace and automotive structures, holes in thin-walled composite components are necessary for some reason. It easily happens that the presence of a hole results in a detrimental stress concentration in the vicinity of the hole with a strength degradation and premature failure of the structure, respectively. In order to avoid the aforementioned overloading and to achieve a sufficient strength, in practice, a local reinforcement is employed. In the present study, reinforcements by elliptic doublers,as well as doublers adapted to reinforcement requirements in a layerwise manner, are considered. The increasing demands of a low weight and high strength for modern structures lead to the problem of an optimal reinforcement design. For this purpose, an appropriate optimization model is set up, a structural model is developed to describe the mechanical behavior (displacements, stresses, etc.) of such structures, and the techniques of mathematical structural optimization are used to find an optimal design in a systematic manner. In this study, the finite-element method is applied to the structural analysis. Eventually, an appropriate mathematical optimization algorithm is used to approach the desired design optimum in an iterative way. The implemented procedure works with a good reliability and efficiency and yields optimal reinforcement designs which are very useful for direct engineering applications.     

The Melnikov criterion of instability for random rocking dynamics of a rigid block with an attached secondary structure

In this paper we investigate the effect of structural flexibility on rocking motion of a system consisting of a free standing rigid block with an attached chain of uniaxially moving point masses. Motion is excited by random acceleration of the ground; instability is associated with overturning of the overall structure. The condition of instability is constructed by the stochastic Melnikov method. We demonstrate a twofold effect of structural flexibility on the rocking response. The attached structure may increase the critical angular displacement and velocity in comparison with the similar parameters of the single rigid block. At the same time, the enlargement of the domain of stability enhances the contribution of the random perturbation in the Melnikov process. As a result, a lower level of random forcing can result in overturning of the structure. As an example, an effect of a single-mass secondary structure on the dynamic behavior of the system is discussed. The paper is restricted to the consideration of seismic vulnerability of the structure. A similar approach can be applied to systems with wind or wave excitation.     

Parameter estimation in a structural acoustic system with fully nonlinear coupling conditions

A methodology for estimating physical parameters in a class of structural acoustic systems is presented. The general model under consideration consists of an interior cavity which is separated from an exterior disturbance by an enclosing elastic structure. Piezoceramic patches are bonded to or embedded in the structure; these can be used both as actuators and sensors in applications ranging from the control of interior noise levels to the determination of structural flaws through nondestructive evaluation techniques. The presence and excitation of the patches, however, changes the geometry and material properties of the structure as well as involves unknown patch parameters, thus necessitating the development of parameter estimation techniques which are applicable in this coupled setting. In developing a framework for approximation, parameter estimation and implementation, strong consideration is given to the fact that the input operator is unbonded due to the discrete nature of the patches. Moreover, the model is weakly nonlinear as a result of the coupling mechanism between the structural vibrations and the interior acoustic dynamics. Within this context, an illustrating model is given, well-posedness and approximation results are discussed and an applicable parameter estimation methodology is presented. The scheme is then illustrated through several numerical examples with simulations modeling a variety of commonly used structural acoustic techniques for system excitation and data collection.     

An extended cost estimation model for a multi-material topology optimization approach

The manufacturing costs of hybrid parts comprise several different proportions depending on the manufacturing process and the materials used. A simplified cost model based on the material weights is therefore no longer sufficient. In this paper, an approach for the weight and costs optimization of hybrid parts is presented. An extended costs calculation function regarding additional manufacturing costs and the integration of a new cost objective in the optimization process is investigated. The effects of the consideration of costs on the optimization results will be qualitatively shown on a simple example structure. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于GRNN神经网络的变权组合预测的权重确定方法

为使组合预测的组合权重随样本数据不同而改变,从而使误差平方和达到最小,我们使用二次规划对样本每期组合权重进行确定.利用所得权重样本对广义神经网络训练使其对样本外组合权重进行确定.结果表明:这是一种可行得组合预测方法,能够提高预测精度,为变权组合预测增添了一种可行方法.     

New mathematical modelling and simulation of an industrial accumulator for elastic webs

This paper concerns the modelling of an accumulator used in industrial elastic web processing plant such as paper mills, fabric, rolling mills etc. Accumulators are used to allow rewind or unwind core changes while the process continues at a constant web velocity. A new nonlinear model of a pneumatic actuated industrial accumulator including pneumatic jack model, static friction representation and web weight is first detailed which enables to deduce a linear model. These models are derived from physical laws that describe web tension and velocity dynamics in each web span. In a second part, the effects of time-varying mechanical parameters, such as web Young modulus, web length and rollers inertia on accumulator dynamics are presented. The performances of the modeled accumulator are illustrated by simulations in Matlab/Simulink software environment.     

Modelling and control of a shell structure based on a finite dimensional variational formulation

A mathematical model of a controlled shell structure based on Hamilton’s principle and the generalized Ritz–Galerkin method is proposed in this paper. The problem of minimizing the stress energy is solved explicitly for a static version of this model. For the dynamical system under consideration, a procedure for estimating external disturbances and the state vector is derived. We also propose an observer design scheme and solve the stabilization problem for an arbitrary dimension of the linearized model. This approach allows us to perform control design for double-curved shells of complex geometry by combining analytical computation of the controller parameters with numerical data that represent the reference configuration and modal displacements of the shell. As an example, the parameters of our model are validated by results of a finite element analysis for the Stuttgart SmartShell structure.     

军事行动决策的模糊综合评估

论述了军事行动方案优化决策的评估问题,讨论了评估因素的确定和结构,将定量分析和定性分析的方法结合起来,采用层次分析法确定了因素的相对权重,根据模糊综合评估原理建立从被选方案中选出最佳方案的数学模型.同时结合实例进一步阐明该模型的实施方法步骤.此模型适用性广泛,具有一定的推广应用价值.     

Análise da confiabilidade de estruturas de concreto armado com uma metodologia para inclusão de efeitos estocásticos de propriedades dos materiais

In this paper, special emphasis is given to the inclusion of uncertainties in the evaluation of structural behaviour aiming at a better representation of the system characteristics and the quantification of the importance of these uncertainties in the project. It deals with the structural reliability analysis problem accounting the effect of spatial variability of material properties. To this end it is proposed a finite element model to represent the behaviour of reinforced concrete for short and long-term loads, which includes the main features observed in this material. It was developed a model for the generation of multidimensional non-Gaussian stochastic fields for the material properties that is independent of the finite element mesh. First, an example of a two-dimensional non-Gaussian stochastic field generation in a square steel plate is presented. Latter, the reliability analysis is performed to a limit state function based on prescribed values of mid-span displacements on a simply-supported reinforced beam. Finally, the influence of long-term effects on the reliability of a reinforced concrete beam is studied considering the effect of steel reinforcement corrosion.