Generalized squeezed states and multimode factorization formula

We consider the multimode generalization of the normally ordered factorization formula of squeezings. This formula allows us to establish relationships between various representations of squeezed states, to calculate partial traces, mean values, and variations. The main results are expressed in terms of the matrix representation of canonical transformations, which is a convenient and numerically stable mathematical tool. Explicit representations are given for the inner product and the composition of generalized multimode squeezings. Explicitly solvable evolution problems are considered.     

On macromodeling of nonlinear systems with time periodic coefficients

Some new techniques for reduced order (macro) modeling of nonlinear systems with time periodic coefficients are discussed in this paper. The dynamical evolution equations are transformed using the Lyapunov–Floquet (L–F) transformation such that the linear parts of the new set of equations become time-invariant. The techniques presented here reduce the order of this transformed system and all original states are obtained via the appropriate transformations. This macromodel preserves the desired stability and bifurcation characteristics of the original large-scale system and due to relatively few states; it is suitable for simulation and controller design.In this work, methodologies based on linear and nonlinear projections as well as ‘time periodic invariant manifold’ idea are presented. The invariant manifold technique yields a ‘reducibility condition’ that determines when an accurate nonlinear order reduction is possible. A comparative study of these order reduction methods is also included. These techniques are compared by means of time traces and Poincaré maps. A numerical error analysis is also included and advantages and limitations are discussed by means of a practical example.     

Stochastic integral in the case of infinite expected first exit time

We develop a method of analysis of a multidimensional semi-Markov process of diffusion type in the case of infinite expectation of the first exit time from a small neighborhood of the initial point. A generalization of Dynkin’s formula for this case is obtained. Itô’s formula for a stochastic integral over a multidimensional semi-Markov process of diffusion type is derived. Bibliography: 4 titles.     

Birkhoff's theorem and multidimensional numerical range

We show that, under certain conditions, Birkhoff's theorem on doubly stochastic matrices remains valid for countable families of discrete probability spaces which have nonempty intersections. Using this result, we study the relation between the spectrum of a self-adjoint operator A and its multidimensional numerical range. It turns out that the multidimensional numerical range is a convex set whose extreme points are sequences of eigenvalues of the operator A. Every collection of eigenvalues which can be obtained by the Rayleigh-Ritz formula generates an extreme point of the multidimensional numerical range. However, it may also have other extreme points.     

Normal forms,inner products,and Maslov indices of general multimode squeezings

In this paper, we present a purely algebraic construction of the normal factorization of multimode squeezed states and calculate their inner products. This procedure allows one to orthonormalize bases generated by squeezed states. We calculate several correct representations of the normalizing constant for the normal factorization, discuss an analog of the Maslov index for squeezed states, and show that the Jordan decomposition is a useful mathematical tool for problems with degenerate Hamiltonians. As an application of this theory, we consider a nontrivial class of squeezing problems which are solvable in any dimension.     

Librations and ground-state splitting in a multidimensional double-well problem

We derive an asymptotic formula for the splitting of the lowest eigenvalues of the multidimensional Schrödinger operator with a symmetric double-well potential. Unlike the well-known formula of Maslov, Dobrokhotov, and Kolosoltsov, the obtained formula has the form A(h)e^?S/h(1 + o(1)), where S is the action on a periodic trajectory (libration) of the classical system with the inverted potential and not the action on the doubly asymptotic trajectory. In this expression, the principal term of the pre-exponential factor takes a more elegant form. In the derivation, we merely transform the asymptotic formulas in the mentioned work without going beyond the framework of classical mechanics.     

On the algebra of multidimensional integral operators with homogeneous SO(n)-invariant kernels and weakly radially oscillating coefficients

In this paper, we study the Banach algebra B generated by multidimensional integral operators whose kernels are homogeneous functions of degree (?n) invariant with respect to the rotation group SO(n) and by the operators of multiplication by radial weakly oscillating functions. A symbolic calculus is developed for the algebra 25. The Fredholm property and the formula for calculating the index are described in terms of this calculus.     

A recursive formula for even order harmonic series

A useful recursive formula for obtaining the infinite sums of even order harmonic series Σ^∞_n=1 (1/n^2k), k = 1, 2, …, is derived by an application of Fourier series expansion of some periodic functions. Since the formula does not contain the Bernoulli numbers, infinite sums of even order harmonic series may be calculated by the formula without the Bernoulli numbers. Infinite sums of a few even order harmonic series, which are calculated using the recursive formula, are tabulated for easy reference.     

On the density of states for the periodic Schrödinger operator

An asymptotic formula for the density of states of the polyharmonic periodic operator (?δ) ^l +V inR ⁿ ,n≥2,l>1/2 is obtained. Special consideration is given to the case of the Schrödinger equationn=3,l=1,V being a periodic potential, where the second term of the asymptotic is found.     

The multidimensional cube recurrence

We introduce a recurrence which we term the multidimensional cube recurrence, generalizing the octahedron recurrence studied by Propp, Fomin and Zelevinsky, Speyer, and Fock and Goncharov and the three-dimensional cube recurrence studied by Fomin and Zelevinsky, and Carroll and Speyer. The states of this recurrence are indexed by tilings of a polygon with rhombi, and the variables in the recurrence are indexed by vertices of these tilings. We travel from one state of the recurrence to another by performing elementary flips. We show that the values of the recurrence are independent of the order in which we perform the flips; this proof involves nontrivial combinatorial results about rhombus tilings which may be of independent interest. We then show that the multidimensional cube recurrence exhibits the Laurent phenomenon - any variable is given by a Laurent polynomial in the other variables. We recognize a special case of the multidimensional cube recurrence as giving explicit equations for the isotropic Grassmannians IG(n−1,2n). Finally, we describe a tropical version of the multidimensional cube recurrence and show that, like the tropical octahedron recurrence, it propagates certain linear inequalities.     

The splitting of separatrices,the branching of solutions and non-integrability in the problem of the motion of a spherical pendulum with an oscillating suspension point

The effectiveness of the results obtained previously in [Dovbysh SA. Transversal intersection of separatrices and non-existence of an analytical integral in multidimensional systems. In: Ambrosetti A, Dell Antonio GF, editors. Variational and Local Methods in the Study of Hamiltonian Systems. Singapore, etc: World Scientific; 1995. p. 156–65; Dovbysh SA. Transversal intersection of separatrices, the structure of a set of quasi-random motions and the non-existence of an analytic integral in multidimensional systems. Uspekhi Mat Nauk 1996; 51(4): 153–54; Dovbysh SA. Transversal intersection of separatrices and branching of solutions as obstructions to the existence of an analytic integral in many-dimensional systems. I. Basic result: Separatrices of hyperbolic periodic points. Collect Math 1999; 50(2): 119–97; Dovbysh SA. Branching of the solutions in the complex domain from the point of view of symbolic dynamics and the non-integrability of multidimensional systems. Dokl Ross Akad Nauk 1998; 361(3): 303–6] on the non-integrability of multidimensional systems is illustrated using the example of the problem of the motion of a spherical pendulum with a suspension point performing small periodic oscillations. With this aim, the splitting of the separatrices of the unstable equilibrium position and the branching of the solutions are investigated. It is shown that the separatrices are split for any law of motion of the suspension point, and a simple criterion of the presence of their transversal intersection is obtained. The validity of the non-integrability result, based on a combination of the conditions related to the splitting of multidimensional separatrices and to the branching of the solutions, is also pointed out.     

Some quantum optical states as realizations of Lie groups

We start with the Heisenberg–Weyl algebra and after the definitions of the Fock states we give the definition of the coherent state of this group. This is followed by the exposition of the SU(2) and SU(1, 1) algebras and their coherent states. From there we go on describing the binomial state and its extensions as realizations of the SU(2) group. This is followed by considering the negative binomial states, and some squeezed states as realizations of the SU(1, 1) group. Generation schemes based on physical systems are mentioned for some of these states.     

Dynamical systems which realize given random bi-sequences of points on their orbits

A dynamical system consists of a phase space of possible states, together with an evolution rule that determines all future states and all past states given a state at any particular moment. In this paper, we show that for any countable random infinite bi-sequences of states of some phase space, there exists an evolution rule in C⁰-topology which realizes precisely the given sequences of states on their orbits and satisfies some regular conditions on the times to realize the states.     

Generic initial ideals and squeezed spheres

In 1988 Kalai constructed a large class of simplicial spheres, called squeezed spheres, and in 1991 presented a conjecture about generic initial ideals of Stanley-Reisner ideals of squeezed spheres. In the present paper this conjecture will be proved. In order to prove Kalai's conjecture, based on the fact that every squeezed (d−1)-sphere is the boundary of a certain d-ball, called a squeezed d-ball, generic initial ideals of Stanley-Reisner ideals of squeezed balls will be determined. In addition, generic initial ideals of exterior face ideals of squeezed balls are determined. On the other hand, we study the squeezing operation, which assigns to each Gorenstein* complex Γ having the weak Lefschetz property a squeezed sphere Sq(Γ), and show that this operation increases graded Betti numbers.     

Large time behavior of disturbed planar fronts in the Allen-Cahn equation

We consider the Allen-Cahn equation in Rn (with n?2) and study how a planar front behaves when arbitrarily large (but bounded) perturbation is given near the front region. We first show that the behavior of the disturbed front can be approximated by that of the mean curvature flow with a drift term for all large time up to t=+∞. Using this observation, we then show that the planar front is asymptotically stable in L^∞(Rn) under spatially ergodic perturbations, which include quasi-periodic and almost periodic ones as special cases. As a by-product of our analysis, we present a result of a rather general nature, which states that, for a large class of evolution equations, the unique ergodicity of the initial data is inherited by the solution at any later time.     

Smooth solutions for a p-system of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type

In this note we analyze smooth solutions of a p-system of the mixed, elliptic-hyperbolic type. A motivating example for this is a 2-components reduction of the Benney moments chain which appears to be connected to the theory of integrable systems. We don’t assume a-priori that the solutions in question are in the Hyperbolic region. Our main result states that the only smooth solutions of the system which are periodic in x are necessarily constants. As for the initial value problem, we prove that if the initial data are strictly hyperbolic and periodic in x, then the solution cannot extend to [t ₀;+∞) and shocks are necessarily created.     

Corank 1 Singularities of Stable Smooth Maps and Special Tangent Hyperplanes to a Space Curve

Let γ be a smooth generic curve in ?P ₃. Denote by C the number of its flattening points, and by T the number of planes tangent to γ at three distinct points. Consider the osculating planes to γ at the flattening points. Let N denote the total number of points where γ intersects these osculating plane transversally. Then T ≡ [N + θ(γ)C]/2 (mod 2), where θ(γ) is the number of noncontractible components of γ. This congruence generalizes the well-known Freedman theorem, which states that if a smooth connected closed generic curve in ?³ has no flattening points, then the number of its triple tangent planes is even. We also give multidimensional analogs of this formula and show that these results follow from certain general facts about the topology of codimension 1 singularities of stable maps between manifolds having the same dimension.     

碰振系统中的共存周期轨道

提出一种寻找分段线性碰振系统中的多个周期轨道共存的分析方法,这些单碰周期轨道包含稳定的和不稳定的轨道。给出了单碰周期轨道存在性或不存在性的解析判别式,特别是对如何保证在单碰周期运动中不会发生其它的碰撞的问题作了比较深入的研究,得到若干定理。最后讨论了所得共存周期轨道的稳定性问题,获得了稳定性的判别式。还以数值模拟结果验证了理论分析的结论。     

Simple formulas for lattice paths avoiding certain periodic staircase boundaries

There is a strikingly simple classical formula for the number of lattice paths avoiding the line x=ky when k is a positive integer. We show that the natural generalization of this simple formula continues to hold when the line x=ky is replaced by certain periodic staircase boundaries—but only under special conditions. The simple formula fails in general, and it remains an open question to what extent our results can be further generalized.     

Calculation of Berry's phase in squeezed states

A simple method based on generalized coherent states is proposed for calculation of Berry's phase. In this paper we calculate Berry's phase for a translated oscillator in standard coherent states as well as Berry's phase in squeezed states and spin coherent states, i.e., coherent states for the SU(1, 1) and SU(2) groups, respectively.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 169, pp. 51–59, 1988.