电化学免疫分析法研究进展

电化学免疫分析法是将免疫分析与电化学分析技术相结合的一种免疫分析新方法，近十多年来，电化免疫分析的研究有了迅速的发展。本文对电化学的免疫分析法的标记物、免疫方法、电化学检测技术进行了概括总结，并展望了电化学免疫分析的发展前景。     

金自组膜免疫芯片的研制

用光刻掩膜真空沉积技术在石英晶片上沉积上一层 8列× 6行的金膜阵列 ,用金表面N 乙酰半胱氨酸分子自组装及EDC偶联技术将人IgG、兔IgG和鼠IgG固定在石英膜阵列上来制备免疫芯片。用FITC荧光标记兔抗羊IgG、夹心法可同时测定羊抗人IgG、羊抗兔IgG和羊抗鼠IgG。用样点荧光强度与空白比Rf 作定量指标。在抗体浓度 0 .5～ 1 0 0mg L内 ,Rf与抗体浓度的对数成线性关系。最低可检出 0 .5mg L的羊抗兔IgG。测定仅需样品 1 5 0 μL ,2～ 3h,适合于快速微量分析     

甲基睾酮的控温相分离荧光免疫分析

本文报道一种新的甲基睾酮（ＭＴ）测定的免疫分析法。通过将ＭＴ与牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）偶联制得了ＭＴ全抗原ＭＴ－３－ＢＳＡ（ＡｇＭＴ）,将ＡｇＭＴ经兔子免疫获得了针对ＭＴ的多克隆抗体。与温度敏感性水凝胶偶联的抗原和游离半抗原ＭＴ竞争性地与有限量的异硫氰基荧光素标记抗体反应。根据临界析相温度以上免疫复合物沉淀的特性进行分离,降低背景干扰。该法对ＭＴ测定的线性范围在２７．５ｎｇ／ｍＬ￣１．１μｇ／ｍＬ,     

毛细管电泳免疫分析

本文首先对毛细管电泳免疫分析进行了对比。然后,从毛细管电泳免疫分析的不同免疫模式和不同电泳模式两方面以及技术进展,对近几年毛细管电泳免疫分析的多个应用领域进行了综述。     

新型荧光光纤免疫磁珠流动分析系统研究(Ⅱ)

采用荧光素异硫氰酸酯 ( FITC)对新建立的荧光光纤免疫磁珠流动分析系统参数及性能进行了考察。不同泵速下测定流量的恒定性 ,其 RSD为 0 .2 3%～0 .76 % ( n=2 4 ) ;对 1× 1 0 -5～ 1× 1 0 -2 mol·L-1FITC溶液 ,线性相关系数 0 .986～ 0 .999;连续测定 1 2次 ,RSD为 0 .73%～ 0 .95% ;2 h内基线不产生飘移。     

新型荧光光纤免疫磁珠流动分析系统研究（I）

将荧光免疫分析技术、光纤传感技术、流动注射技术和免疫磁珠分离技术联用,建立了一种新型荧光光纤免疫磁珠流动分析系统,并采用荧光素异硫氰酸酯（ＦＩＴＣ）对系统性能进行考察,结果表明该分析系统设计合理,性能可靠,在临床、环保等领域有广泛的应用前景。     

电化学生物传感器测定甲胎蛋白的研究进展

人体血清中甲胎蛋白(AFP)含量已作为肝癌检测的重要指标,快速而准确地检测血清中的AFP含量对肝癌的早期诊断和预后都有极为重要的作用。传统的酶联免疫法存在分析时间长、前处理繁琐等不利因素。利用免疫技术与电化学检测技术结合起来的电化学免疫传感器,由于具有操作简单、灵敏度高、特异性强及成本低等特点,而得到广泛关注。本文将根据所采用的不同检测方式及修饰材料等方面对近年来电化学免疫传感器检测AFP的研究与应用进行评述,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

C1q—VT免疫吸附剂制备及其吸附循环免疫复合物性能初探

本文在最佳条件下将猪Ｃ１ｑ与活化的ＶＴ树脂反应制备了Ｃ１ｑ－ＶＴ免疫吸附剂，每克干重ＶＴ可结合０．５ｍｇＣ１ｑ，可吸附１．４ｍｇ热凝聚人ＩｇＧ（ＡＨＧ）。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ结果表明Ｃ１ｑ－ＶＴ免疫吸附剂只对ＡＨＧ特异吸附，而不吸附其它血清蛋白。应用Ｃ１ｑ－ＶＴ免疫吸附剂吸附ＳＬＥ病人血浆中循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ），结果表明约有５２％的ＣＩＣ被清除。Ｃ１ｑ－ＶＴ免疫吸附剂只能一次性地使用．     

免疫吸附剂的研究及在血液净化中的应用

本文详细讨论了常用的免疫吸附剂载体材料的性质及使用情况，总结了免疫活性物质的常用固载方法以及在血液净化领域治疗各种疾病的情况。     

Laser Machined Plastic Laminates: Towards Portable Diagnostic Devices for Use in Low Resource Environments

Despite significant progress in development of bioanalytical devices cost, complexity, access to reagents and lack of infrastructure have prevented use of these technologies in resource‐limited regions. To provide a sustainable tool in the global effort to combat infectious diseases the diagnostic device must be low cost, simple to operate and read, robust, and have sensitivity and specificity comparable to laboratory analysis. In this mini‐review we describe recent work using laser machined plastic laminates to produce diagnostic devices that are capable of a wide variety of bioanalytical measurements and show great promise towards future use in low‐resource environments.     

Diagnostic Implications of Uric Acid in Electroanalytical Measurements

Urate has a long history in clinical analysis and has served as an important diagnostic in a number of contexts. The increasing interest in metabolic syndrome has led to urate being used in combination with a number of other biomarkers in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. The traditional view of urate as principally an interferent in electrochemical measurement is now gradually being replaced with the realization that its measurement could serve as an invaluable secondary (if not primary) marker when monitoring conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. Rather than attempting to wholly exclude urate electrochemistry, many strategies are being developed that can integrate the urate signal within the device architecture such that a range of biomarkers can be sequentially assessed. The present review has sought to rationalize the clinical importance that urate measurements could hold in future diagnostic applications – particularly within near patient testing contexts. The technologies harnessed for its detection and also those previously employed for its removal are reviewed with the aim of highlighting how the seemingly contrasting approaches are evolving to aid the development of new sensing devices for clinical analysis.     

肾上腺皮质疾病生化检验诊断价值

目的对肾上腺皮质疾病生化检验诊断价值进行探析。方法收集广东省中山市三角医院在2013年1月—2015年6月收治的60例肾上腺皮质疾病患者,分为两组,分别使用常规检验与生化检验进行诊断,对比与观察两组患者的检出率。结果观察组患者的检验有效率是90%,对照组是70%,差异性显著(P0.05)。结论生化检验在肾上腺皮质疾病临床诊断中的应用,具备良好的诊断价值,能够提高患者的检验有效率,提高临床诊断与检验结果的符合率,以准确判断患者疾病,并以此为基础制定科学有效的治疗方案,提高患者的临床治疗效果,改善患者预后。     

Diagnostic applications of repetitive DNA sequences.

Different diagnostic applications are discussed for various categories of repetitive DNA sequences. Since all eukaryotes are characterized by genomic redundancy, these sensitive, rapid, and comparatively simple techniques are revolutionizing many fields in clinical and experimental diagnostics. In addition to individuality testing in humans and animals, for example, eukaryotic infectious agents can be identified and tumors classified with respect to genomic changes. The forensic as well as animal and plant breeding sciences have already adopted the DNA technology involving repetitive sequence tools.     

Controlled release of reagents in capillary-driven microfluidics using reagent integrators

The integration and release of reagents in microfluidics as used for point-of-care testing is essential for an easy and accurate operation of these promising diagnostic devices. Here, we present microfluidic functional structures, which we call reagent integrators (RIs), for integrating and releasing small amounts of dried reagents (ng quantities and less) into microlitres of sample in a capillary-driven microfluidic chip. Typically, a RI is less than 1 mm(2) in area and has an inlet splitting into a central reagent channel, in which reagents can be loaded using an inkjet spotter, and two diluter channels. During filling of the microfluidic chip, spotted reagents reconstitute and exit the RI with a dilution factor that relates to the relative hydraulic resistance of the channels forming the RI. We exemplify the working principle of RIs by (i) distributing ～100 pg of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in different volume fractions of a 1 μL solution containing a fluorogenic substrate for HRP and (ii) performing an immunoassay for C-reactive protein (CRP) using 450 pg of fluorescently labeled detection antibodies (dAbs) that reconstitute in ～5 to 30% of a 1 μL sample of human serum. RIs preserve the conceptual simplicity of lateral flow assays while providing a great degree of control over the integration and release of reagents in a stream of sample. We believe RIs to be broadly applicable to microfluidic devices as used for biological assays.     

外伤性膝关节隐性骨折的核磁共振成像表现及其诊断价值分析

为分析外伤性膝关节隐性骨折的核磁共振成像表现及其诊断价值,本次研究回顾性分析我院2017年1月~2018年12月收治的55例外伤性膝关节隐性骨折患者临床资料,分别实施核磁共振成像检查以及多层螺旋CT检查,然后以手术结果为参照,分析核磁共振成像对外伤性膝关节隐性骨折的诊断价值及具体的影像表现。经手术证实,55例外伤性膝关节隐性骨折患者中隐性骨皮质下骨折34例、骨皮质骨折14例、骨软骨骨折7例,核磁共振成像符合率高于多层螺旋CT,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两种影像学检查手段敏感度、特异度、准确度相比较,核磁共振成像高于多层螺旋CT,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);外伤性膝关节隐性骨折核磁共振成像表现如下:隐性骨皮质下骨折存在大范围的地图样、网格状或线状信号区,边界模糊但骨关节面完整;骨皮质骨折呈低信号带中断,与骨髓高信号存在强烈对比;骨软骨骨折呈多层次或者是连续性中断。说明外伤性膝关节隐性骨折核磁共振成像表现具有多样性特点,仔细分析不难鉴别,可作为优选诊断手段推广使用。     

A two-component small molecule system for activity-based detection and signal amplification: application to the visual detection of threshold levels of Pd(II)

A detection and signal amplification strategy aimed toward threshold diagnostic assays for use in resource-limited settings is described. The strategy employs two small molecule reagents that work in tandem. One reagent detects a specific analyte, while the second amplifies a colorimetric readout autocatalytically. The strategy is demonstrated using palladium(II) as a model analyte.     

Perfluoroaryl and Perfluoroheteroaryl Reagents as Emerging New Tools for Peptide Synthesis,Modification and Bioconjugation

Peptides and proteins are becoming increasingly valuable as medicines, diagnostic agents and as tools for biomedical sciences. Much of this has been underpinned by the emergence of new methods for the manipulation and augmentation of native biomolecules. Perfluoroaromatic reagents are perhaps one of the most diverse and exciting tools with which to modify peptides and proteins, due principally to their nucleophilic substitution chemistry, high electron deficiency and the ability for their reactivity to be tuned towards specific nucleophiles. As discussed in this minireview, in recent years, perfluoroaromatic reagents have found applications as protecting groups or activating groups in peptide synthesis and as orthogonal handles for peptide modification. Furthermore, they have applications in chemoselective ‘tagging’, stapling and bioconjugation of peptides and proteins, as well as tuning of ‘drug-like’ properties. This review will also explore possible future applications of these reagents in biological chemistry.