Development of IR-FEL facility for energy science in Kyoto University

A mid-infrared free electron laser (FEL) has been constructed for energy science in the Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University. The FEL system consists of a compact S-band Linac and an undulator to generate 4–13 μm coherent mid-infrared radiations. The Linac consists of a 4.5 cell rf gun with a thermionic cathode and a 3-m traveling-wave-type accelerator tube fed by 10 MW and 20 MW rf power, respectively. We have succeeded to produce 40 MeV, 40 mA and 3 μs electron beams. Last December, the 9.2 μm spontaneous emission from the undulator generated by 29.5 MeV electron beams was observed for the first time. Further optimization parameters of both the electron beam and the optical cavity are being pursued for an FEL lasing in the near future.     

Experimental studies of microwave amplification in the ion-focusedregime

Studies of microwave amplification with an in-focused electron beam drawn from an induction injector are reported. A free-electron laser (FEL) operating at 9.4 GHz and employing ion-focusing within the interaction region has achieved power in excess of 30 MW at 9.4 GHz, with a beam energy of 0.8 MeV and current of 0.7 kA. Peak gain is 20 dB/m, with no saturation after 15 wiggler periods. Also reported are the first evolution and detuning data for an ion-channel laser/maser (ICL). Two shortcomings of the prematurely halted ICL studies are poor frequency discrimination and a large axial plasma gradient. Prospects for operation with an upgraded 1.6 MeV accelerator are discussed     

曙光一号自由电子激光器的理论计算

系统总结曙光一号自由电子激光器理论计算的主要结果:包括曙光一号装置主要参数的选取和理解;磁场失谐曲线的计算;常参数摇摆器和变参数摇摆器的主要结果;高阶波导模的贡献;电子束参数扰动对激光性能的影响;空间电荷效应等。计算结果表明,常参数摇摆器激光输出功率可达80MW,效率约50％;变参数摇摆器激光输出功率可达250MW左右,效率约16％。     

磁场逐渐增强的摇摆器

研究了用磁场增强摇摆器来提高自由电子激光器效率的机制．采用KMR方程，考虑空间电荷效应，模拟计算发现自由电子激光器的效率有了很大的提高，而且电子束能散度越大，对提高自由电子激光器效率越有帮助．因此采用磁场增强摇摆器能充分利用加速器的能量来莸得更高的自由电子激光器能量 关键词：     

Design of a continuous-wave free-electron laser experiment using an electrostatic accelerator with very high recovery efficiency of the electron beam

In this paper the free-electron laser (FEL) experiment SEAFEL in progress at the Legnaro (Padova) INFN laboratory is presented. The accelerator characteristics and FEL parameters are discussed. The laser could sweep the millimeter region up to 2 mm with a power around 15 kW. The main goal is the continuous-wave operation. An existing electron device with some small modifications is used for the experiment.     

SG－1FEL放大器实验中的频率和功率测量

介绍了曙光一号自由电子激光（ＳＧ－１ＦＥＬ）放大器实验中对输出微波功率高达１４０ＭＷ的信号的频率和功率的测量。分析了ｘ射线和微波器件（定向耦合器、衰减器）的窄脉冲响应对测试结果的影响。     

Amplification and superradiant emission from a 33.3 GHz freeelectron laser with a reversed axial guide magnetic field

A new regime of free-electron laser (FEL) operation using a helical wiggler field and a reversed axial guide magnetic field is reported. The orientation of the axial field is such as to oppose the electron rotation imparted by the helical field. The 33.3-GHz FEL amplifier is driven by a mildly relativistic electron beam (750 kV 300 A, 30 ns) and generates 61 MW of radiation with a 27% conversion efficiency. The results are compared with those obtained when the axial guide field is in its conventional orientation, where considerable loss of power and efficiency is observed     

Measurements of microwave power and frequency in a pulsed freeelectron laser amplifier

We report output power and frequency measurements of a pulsed free electron laser (FEL) operating as an amplifier at 35 GHz, without guiding field. The experiment used an induction linac, which delivers an 800-A relativistic electron beam (2.2 MeV) with a flat-top of 40 ns into the helical wiggler. The input signal furnished by a 35-GHz magnetron source is amplified to power levels of the order of 80 MW. The experimental results are in good agreement with our simulations. Frequency chirping is observed, and its behavior as a function of the basic FEL parameters is discussed     

曙光一号自由电子激光器束调节研究

简单介绍了曙光一号自由电子激光器实验布局．着重就束调节方案进行了数值模拟和实验研究，给出了束流调试结果,并进行了分析；当进入摇摆器的束流为950A，摇摆器磁场为0.31T，在摇摆器长度为2．4m的位置,获得了50MW的饱和功率，经变参数实验后输出功率提高到140MW．     

加速器噪声对远红外FEL振荡器影响的模拟研究

 采用FEL一维脉冲模型，针对中国原子能研究院的远红外FEL振荡器，模拟研究了加速器噪声对FEL的影响。对电子束微脉冲的时间晃动和能量波动所引起的光功率波动及光谱中心晃动进行了模拟计算，在计算中还分别考虑了噪声频率、振幅的大小产生的直接影响以及腔失谐的间接影响。     

PKU-FEL设计的初步考虑

 北京大学在其超导加速器装置PKU-SCAF的基础上将建成一个红外自由电子激光实验平台PKU-FEL。它可以提供高稳定度、高平均功率、高谱纯度、ps脉冲的自由电子激光。给出了PKU-FEL的初步设计方案。     

Design study of an FEL oscillator with a wavegmde

We present a design study of a free electron laser (FEL) oscillator for high power THz source experiments on the basis of the Shanghai femtosecond accelerator device. A circular groove guide is used as a new interaction structure. Plane metal meshes are used as upstream and downstream mirrors of the resonator.The general design parameters are presented. We analyzed the spontaneous emission and stimulated emission in the oscillator using these parameters.     

The Turkish accelerator complex IR FEL project

Turkish accelerator complex (TAC) project was approved by State Planning Organization (DPT) of Turkey in 2006. The complex will contain a linac-ring type electron–positron collider as a particle factory and different accelerator based light sources. As a first step to the national center, the construction of an IR FEL facility is planned until 2011. It is also planned that the technical design report for TAC will be completed in 2010. The TAC IR FEL facility will consist of an electron linac in the range of 15–40 MeV energy to obtain FEL in 2–185 microns range. In this study, the preliminary parameters of TAC IR FEL facility were presented. The possible using of the obtained FEL in material science, nonlinear optics, semiconductors, biotechnology, medicine and photochemical processes were discussed.     

Design study of an FEL oscillator with a waveguide

We present a design study of a free electron laser （FEL） oscillator for high power THz source experiments on the basis of the Shanghai femtosecond accelerator device. A circular groove guide is used as a new interaction structure. Plane metal meshes are used as upstream and downstream mirrors of the resonator. The general design parameters are presented. We analyzed the spontaneous emission and stimulated emission in the oscillator using these parameters.     

Realizable free-electron lasers

We analyze the general class of constant period free-electron lasers (FELs) based on single-pass linear accelerator technology. The emittance and energy spread of the electron beam used to drive an FEL must be chosen to match the acceptance of the FEL wiggler. This acceptance determines the attainable current, and the current determines the gain and power output. For an optimized system in which the optical mode size in the interaction region is minimized, the gain is found to be independent of the laser length, while the efficiency and power output scale as the inverse and inverse cube of the length. Very high power output and good efficiencies are predicted.Work supported by the Office of Naval Research     

Undulator beamline optimization with integrated chicanes for X‐ray free‐electron‐laser facilities

An optimization of the undulator layout of X‐ray free‐electron‐laser (FEL) facilities based on placing small chicanes between the undulator modules is presented. The installation of magnetic chicanes offers the following benefits with respect to state‐of‐the‐art FEL facilities: reduction of the required undulator length to achieve FEL saturation, improvement of the longitudinal coherence of the FEL pulses, and the ability to produce shorter FEL pulses with higher power levels. Numerical simulations performed for the soft X‐ray beamline of the SwissFEL facility show that optimizing the advantages of the layout requires shorter undulator modules than the standard ones. This proposal allows a very compact undulator beamline that produces fully coherent FEL pulses and it makes possible new kinds of experiments that require very short and high‐power FEL pulses.     

Efficiency and sideband observations of a Raman FEL oscillator witha tapered undulator

Power and spectral measurements are reported from the Columbia Raman free-electron laser (FEL) oscillator experiment. High-power radiation pulses (~12 MW, 100 ns) are generated at a wavelength of ~2.5 mm, using a 750-kV electron beam injected into a helical undulator. The undulator is made up of a 40-cm long constant-period (1.45 cm) section followed by an equal length of tapered undulator. The period is decreased by 7.6% in such a way that the on-axis field remains constant. It is reported that the taper allows an increase in total power efficiency from ~4 to ~12%. Most noteworthy is that the tapered undulator reduces the sideband radiation compared with a constant-period undulator FEL which is studied in the same configuration. The power was measured calorimetrically and compared with the results of a 1-D Raman code. The reduction of sideband power observed in the experiment was consistent with computational results obtained with a 2-D sideband code     

Efficiency enhancement in free-electron lasers by means of concurrent rf acceleration

Efficiency enhancement in free-electron lasers (FELs) using rf beam acceleration in the wiggler is described. Since the beam tube is a waveguide, there are low and high frequency resonances. Injection of low frequency power can act as an inverse-FEL accelerator concurrently with high frequency power extraction. Simulation of a FEL using this technique shows that substantial efficiency enhancements are possible without significant increases in the beam energy spread, which facilitates the use of energy recovery schemes. The technique is applicable to amplifier and oscillator configurations.     

三阴极强流加速器研制

 研制了一台能同时产生3电子束的高功率强流加速器,该加速器主要由初级储能部分、线绕式脉冲变压器、水介质形成线和三阴极二极管组成,3根阴极分别伸入3个独立的漂移管,对3个电子束之间相互作用的电磁力起屏蔽作用。当该加速器二极管接单个阴极时,产生的电功率超过50 GW;当该加速器二极管同时接3个阴极时,产生3个电子束的电功率分别超过10 GW;当该加速器被用于驱动3个高功率微波管时,能产生L波段1.0 GW,S波段1.0 GW和C波段300 MW的微波输出。