溶剂浮选-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)和Co(Ⅱ)

本文采用溶剂浮选分离富集,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水样中的痕量Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)以和Co(Ⅱ)。以双硫腙为捕集剂,甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)为浮选溶剂,确定了最佳浮选条件。所拟定的方法用于自来水和工业用水中Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)和Co(Ⅱ)的测定,金属离子的富集倍数为37,Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)和Co(Ⅱ)的检出限分别为0.2μg/L、1.08μg/L和0.38μg/L;样品加标回收率在94.7%~103.2%之间;测定结果的RSD≤4.67%。     

离子液体双水相溶剂浮选法分离/富集桑黄黄酮类成分

将亲水性离子液体氯化-1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([C4mim]Cl)和K2HPO4形成的双水相体系与溶剂浮选结合,建立了分离/富集桑黄中总黄酮类成分的方法。考察了分相盐的种类和用量、样品量、溶液pH值、浮选时间和氮气流速对浮选效果的影响,并与双水相萃取进行比较。当浮选分相盐K2HPO4的质量浓度为50%、溶液pH=9.53、离子液体的用量为3 mL、浮选时间为50 min、氮气流速为30 mL/min时,浮选效率最佳,达到85.31%,富集倍数为8.59。离子液体双水相溶剂浮选法浮选效率高,富集倍数大,为中草药有效成分分离/富集提供了新方法。     

离子液体溶剂浮选-光度法测定水中痕量四环素类抗生素

将离子液体应用于气浮溶剂浮选分离/富集四环素类抗生素(TCs),建立了一种离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(\PF6)取代传统有机溶剂气浮溶剂浮选分离/富集四环素类抗生素的新方法.TCs与镧能形成疏水性络合物,易于浮选至离子液体相,考察了在离子液体中加入有机溶剂的种类和体积,试液的pH值、La的加入量、气体流速、浮选时间以及共存物质对浮选效率的影响,优化了浮选条件,与溶剂萃取方法相比,离子液体溶剂浮选四环素类抗生素富集倍数高,且无毒,无污染,试剂用量少,实测了鱼塘水和辽河水样,RSD分别为3.0%和4.3%(n=5),回收率为97%.本方法适合于环境水样中痕量四环素总量的分析检测.     

磷酸铈共沉淀分离富集硫酸钴中痕量铅及铅的原子吸收光谱测定

提出了用磷酸铈(CePO4)作为共沉淀捕集剂分离富集CoSO4溶液中的痕量Pb2+,用火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)测定的方法。共沉淀效率受pH、Ce(NO3)3和H3PO4溶液用量的影响。结果显示,在溶液pH3.0～4.0时,CePO4能够定量共沉淀CoSO4溶液中的Pb2+,对于20mL的样品溶液,方法的检出限为5.59×10-2mg/L,铅的标准加入回收率为98.32%,排除了基体干扰,取得了较为满意的结果。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定铜精矿中硒和碲的含量

样品0.500 0~1.000 0g与活性炭0.15g和捕集剂氧化镁-氧化锌-碳酸钠(质量比为1∶2∶3)的混合物3g充分混匀,并于750℃焙烧1h,使样品中硒和碲分别生成各自的钠盐。加水50mL和几滴乙醇浓缩至25mL,定容至50mL。分取溶液10.00mL,加入3.6mol·L-1盐酸溶液7mL,加入掩蔽剂20g·L-1三氯化铁溶液1mL掩蔽干扰元素,于沸水浴中保持40min,冷却,定容至25mL作为测试溶液,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定其中硒和碲的含量。硒和碲的质量浓度均在100μg·L-1以内与荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)分别为0.037,0.025mg·kg-1。按此方法测定了两种国家标准物质(GBW 07166和GBW 07234)中硒和碲的含量,标准值和认定值相符。     

铬(Ⅵ)-二乙基二硫代甲酸钠共沉淀-原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中铁、锰、锌、镉

提出了以二乙基二硫代甲酸钠螯合铬(Ⅵ)作为载体共沉淀富集水体中铁、锰、锌和镉的方法。沉淀经离心分离,甲基异丁酮溶解后,以微量进样300μL火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铁、锰、锌,以石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定镉。用水样10.0 mL,在pH 4.6的邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲介质中加入20 g.L-1重铬酸钾溶液150μL,20 g.L-1DDTC溶液1.0 mL可达到完全共沉淀分离,所得沉淀经离心分离后用甲基异丁酮2.0 mL溶解,并用于AAS分析。在优化的条件下,铁、锰、锌和镉的检出限(3σ)分别为9.0,6.8,1.8,0.03μg.L-1,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.8%~3.8%之间。方法用于实际水样的测定,用标准加入法测得回收率在93.7%~105.0%之间。     

铑在氯化十六烷基吡啶-硫氰化钾-硫酸铵体系中的浮选分离和富集

<正>铑是一种十分稀有的贵金属元素,准确测定组成较复杂样品中痕量的铑,必须要进行分离和富集。分析化学领域中有很多分离和富集金属离子的方法,液-液萃取由于操作方便和使用设备简单,是常优先使用的方法之一。但萃取铑的传统方法是用苯、乙醚、异丁基甲基酮和二甲苯等不溶于水的有机溶剂作萃取剂[1],这些挥发性较强的有机溶剂毒性较大,在萃取过程中将影响操作人员的健康,也会污染环境。另外,这些有机溶剂都不溶于水,萃取时有机溶剂浮在样品溶     

离子选择性电极测定选矿“废水”中微量丁基黄原酸盐

有色金属选矿一般采用药剂浮选法。丁基黄原酸钾(钠)[C_4H_9OCSSK(Na)],俗称黄药,普遍被用作捕集剂,黄药具有恶嗅,能对水生生物及人类产生毒害,污染水源和环境,因而选矿废水中的黄药已被列为环保监测项目之一。     

离子液体双水相萃取-分光光度法测定水中铬(Ⅵ)

移取水样2.0mL,用水定容至20.0mL,加入1.0mL硫酸(1+7)溶液,2.5g·L~(-1)二苯碳酰二肼溶液1.0mL,立即混匀。10.0min后,依次加入24.0g·L~(-1)溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溶液1.0mL,24.0g磷酸氢二钾,混匀后,进行双水相萃取,以3 500r·min~(-1)转速离心2.0min。将上层离子相移出,用水定容至3.0mL,以试剂空白为参比液,于波长533nm处测量吸光度。Cr(Ⅵ)的质量浓度在0.015～0.300mg·L~(-1)内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为7.8×10-4 mg·L~(-1),富集倍数为6.67倍。方法应用于测定实际水样中的Cr(Ⅵ),加标回收率在95.3%～111%之间。     

萃取-原子吸收法测定水中微量元素

原子吸收法测定水中微量元素,特别是测定工业废水和海水时,采用较好的分离途径和浓缩方法是很必要的。对同时测定多元素,采用萃取法比较好,目前,常用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵作为络合剂,甲基异丁基酮作为萃取剂。但在同一溶液中同时测定十一个元素,目前还未见到这方面的报导。吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵虽是一种较好的络合剂,但对所要测定的个别元素其络合效果仍不够好。甲基异丁基酮虽具有燃烧性能好,火焰较稳定等优     

Regioselectivity of olefin oxidation by iodosobenzene catalyzed by metalloporphyrins : control by the catalyst

The regioselectivity of the oxidation of three monosubstituted olefins, 6-phenoxyhex-1-ene, hex-1-ene and styrene, by iodosobenzene in the presence of various Fe-, Mn- or Cr-tetraaryl-porphyrins, was studied. It was found that, besides epoxides, known products from such systems, allylic alcohols and aldehydes were formed, the latter not being derived from the corresponding epoxides. The relative importance of these reactions greatly depends upon both the metal and porphyrin constituents of the catalyst. More particularly, the competition between epoxidation and allylic hydroxylation can be efficiently controlled by non-bonded interactions between the olefin and porphyrin substituents. No hydroxylation of the aromatic rings and no oxidative dealkylation of the ether function was detected.     

Desymmetrization of Dicationic Diboranes by Isomerization Catalyzed by a Nucleophile

Cationic monoboranes exhibit a rich chemistry. By constrast, only a few cationic diboranes are known, that all are symmetrically substituted. In this work, the first unsymmetrically substituted dicationic diboranes, featuring sp²–sp²‐hybridized boron atoms, are reported. The compounds are formed by intramolecular rearrangement from preceding isomeric symmetrically substituted dicationic diboranes, a process that is catalyzed by nucleophiles. From the temperature‐dependence of the isomerization rate, activation parameters for this unprecedented rearrangement are derived. The difference in fluoride ion affinity between the two boron atoms and the bonding situation in these unique unsymmetrical dicationic diboranes are evaluated.     

Oxidation of 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane by perchloric acid catalyzed by polyphenylferrosiloxane

The reaction of oxidation of 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane (DMCH) by perchloric acid at ～20 °C catalyzed by polyphenylferrosiloxane has been found. The chromatographic analysis has revealed the formation of several products, including the tertiary alcohol with 100% retention of the configuration of the initial configuration. The specific feature of the process is the following: along with the high stereospecific formation of the tertiary alcohol,cis-trans isomerization in the starting 1,4-DMCH is observed. The data obtained are discussed on the basis of the mechanism, including the formation of a ferryl intermediate with the subsequent transfer of the oxygen atom to the tertiary C?H bond of 1,4-DMCH through the intermediate complex with the five-coordinated carbon.     

Synthesis of arylaliphatic chlorosilanes by alkylation of aromatic compounds by alkenylchlorosilanes

Conclusions In combination with HCl or H₂O, EtAlCl₂ is an active catalyst for alkylation of aromatic compounds by alkenylchlorosilanes, and compounds of boron, titanium, and tin are inactive in this reaction.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1639–1641, July, 1985.     

Production of Enzymes by Plant Cells Immobilized by Sol-Gel Silica

Ajuga reptans cells are cultivated and used for production of invertase. These plant cells are immobilized by a sol-gel SiO₂ membrane, which is built up directly on the cell surface by exposure to a gaseous flow of silicon alcoxide precursors. The immobilization modifies the metabolic activity of cells, resulting in a 40-fold increase in invertase production with respect of free cells. Results concerning total release of proteins, cell growth and produced invertase activity are discussed, considering the absence of breeding, induced by SiO₂ immobilization, the prominent factor promoting the observed exceptional increase in invertase productivity.