浅海多径时延估计的功率谱加权自相关方法

针对浅海近距离时倒谱多径时延峰变弱难以提取的问题,提出了一种功率谱加权自相关多径时延估计方法。该方法采用FFT估计信号功率谱,对功率谱取1-α次幂(0<α<1),再进行IFFT变换,对其实部进行峰值检测获得多径时延估计。根据目标能量通过特性在正横前递增正横后递减的特点,在已检测时延前后一定区间内搜索下一个时延值,实现多径时延的自动提取.理论分析表明,多径时延估计的倒谱法与自相关法都可以看作功率谱加权自相关法的特例.海试数据处理与基于Bellhop射线模型的仿真计算表明,该方法在近距离时多径时延峰比倒谱法更清晰,输出信噪比提高了3~4 dB.采用该方法自动提取的海底反射多径时延用于单个水听器对目标距离的估计,与GPS测量距离基本相符,验证了方法的有效性.      

谐波显著度的基频提取方法

我们提出的谐波显著度的基频提取方法,目的是从语音信号中自动获取人声基频,该方法利用抑制因子计算出基频的谐波显著度谱,对各次谐波显著度加权求和之后进行基频轨迹跟踪确定语音的基频序列。在TIMIT掺噪数据集和音乐信息检索评测2005主旋律数据集上,谐波显著度方法的准确率分别达到了88.5%和73.3%,使倍频、半频错误相对降低了80%。实验表明,基于谐波显著度的基频提取方法增强了系统的抗噪性能以及抗倍半频错误的能力。      

基于DEMON谱和LSTM网络的水下运动目标噪声基频检测*

传统的船舶辐射噪声基频检测方法不仅依赖大量的先验知识,而且对背景噪声非常敏感。为了提高目标识别的稳定性和精确性,本文提出了一种基于深度神经网络的基频检测算法。首先从多通道水听器信号中提取DEMON谱,然后直接将二维谱特征矩阵输入由CNN和LSTM构成的级联网络,最后通过稠密层输出实现对基频的估计。从仿真和外场试验数据得到如下结论：（1）深度网络能够实现无先验知识和不同信噪比条件下的基频检测,具有良好的泛化性能。（2）LSTM网络能够高效地从时序DEMON谱中提取统计特征,提高基频估计精度。（3）输入信号的时间长短会影响网络的检测精度,更长时间的信号能够获得更好的检测结果。     

基频估计算法研究平均骨小梁间距

超声背散射信号能提供松质骨微结构信息从而能有效的诊断骨质疏松,而平均骨小梁间距(MTBS)是表征松质骨微结构的重要参数之一.本文提出了一种基频估计的MTBS估计算法,对仿真信号和离体牛胫骨松质骨中的超声背散射信号分别进行分析处理,并和现有的两种算法(简易反向滤波跟踪(SIFT)算法和AR倒谱法)进行比较.实验结果表明基频估计算法对噪卢和随机散射回波有更好的鲁棒性,在信噪比较低和随机散射回波幅度较大时估计值更加精确,且有很好的方差性能.充分说明了本文算法是一种有效的MTBS估计算法.     

X射线荧光测井谱漂校正技术研究

X射线荧光测井技术是一种可以在井下原位进行元素定量(半定量)分析的测井技术,对矿产勘查具有重要意义。受井下温度影响,X射线荧光测井仪容易发生谱漂。X射线测井仪采用硬件进行稳谱,采用软件实现微小谱漂校正。X射线荧光测井的谱数据量大,难以采用人工校正的方法实现。文章在总结了X射线荧光测量专业人员进行谱漂校正经验的基础上,结合专家系统研究了X射线荧光测井谱漂的校正方法。在谱漂校正过程中,采用对散射本底变化不灵敏的对称零面积法进行自动寻峰,并用标准方差进行指示峰判别。利用先验知识(上一次能量刻度)和高斯概率密度函数对当前指示峰进行定性分析,确定指示峰能量。将指示峰峰位和定性分析获得的能量值采用最小二乘法进行拟合,获得能量刻度系数,并对偏离较大的数据进行筛选,达到能量自动刻度目的,实现X射线荧光测井仪器谱谱漂校正。文章采用所述的谱漂校正方法对某次X射线测井仪温度实验的322条谱线进行校正,结果表明该方法能够有效地自动校正X射线荧光测井仪谱漂。     

利用船舶噪声的自相关与倒谱联合估计多径时延

对2007南海试验中多个航路船舶噪声的自相关和倒谱特征进行了分析研究,结果发现:近距离处倒谱图中的时延峰曲线消失、自相关相对倒谱有更高的时延峰检测信干比。类似现象此前未见报道,说明在一定条件下采用单一自相关法或倒谱法均难于连续检测时延峰。为解决这一问题,首先应用射线声学理论结合数值仿真,解释了该试验现象的产生与“随距离减小,倒谱和自相关的时延峰绝对幅度分别减小和增大”的性质有关,进而提出了一种利用船舶噪声的自相关和倒谱联合估计多径时延的方法。海试数据处理结果表明:本文方法能够稳健地跟踪多径时延峰,有效地弥补传统单一自相关法和倒谱法的不足,对解决多径时延的连续估计问题有明显效果。      

基于两次谱分析的时延估计方法研究

时延估计是目标定位跟踪系统的关键技术之一,在水声、雷达、声探测等领域广泛应用。时延估计的基本方法是互相关法和相位谱法。互相关法时延估计分辨率与信号带宽近似成反比,因此很难估计多目标时延。相位谱时延估计只能估计单目标时延,并且存在相位解绕问题。本文提出了两次谱分析时延估计方法,即将互功率谱函数再次进行谱估计,二次谱峰值位置间距即为时延估计,这种方法既能够估计单目标时延,又能够估计多目标时延,并且不用相位解绕。仿真计算验证了两次谱时延估计方法的可行性。     

一种基于矢量水听器阵的归一化加权Capon波束形成方法

矢量水听器同时拾取声场的标量信息声压和矢量信息振速。本文在分析了各向同性噪声场下矢量水听器阵Capon波束形成方位谱的基础上，提出了一种归一化加权Capon波束形成的改进算法，并给出了方位谱的表达式。本方法不需要特征分解，并且得到的是通常意义上的功率谱(可用于估计信号的能量)。仿真计算表明，此方法的性能优于Capon法，可大大提高方位估计的精度。     

“神光Ⅱ”基频光黑腔靶实验超热电子诊断

介绍“神光Ⅱ”首次进行大能量基频光黑腔靶实验超热电子实验观测,采用十道滤波荧光谱仪(FFS)测量腔靶发射15—250keV硬x射线谱,由高能x射线谱通量推断超热电子占入射激光能量份额ηhe为13%—16%,由谱的斜率推断超热电子温度Th为35—45keV,由超热电子能量和受激拉曼散射光(SRS)能量的关联,推断超热电子产生的机理,并给出了不同腔靶在不同激光能量EL下超热电子产生的特征 关键词： 1.053μm激光 超热电子 黑腔靶 大能量激光     

光谱法测HT-7托卡马克诊断中性束的束成分

 实验测量了诊断中性束(DNB)中H0的4种主要能量成分(全能量，半能量，1/3能量，1/18能量)，运用光谱法来分析中性束的束成分所占百分数。根据多普勒效应，中性束中的氢粒子发出的Ha波长偏离本底的Ha波长，波长偏移量与氢粒子的能量相关，从而在光谱仪上得到多峰Ha谱线。通过编写程序并以此对实验的原始谱线进行了初步和精确拟合，最终准确有效地分析出中性束的束成分和束能量。实验测得DNB束流的中性氢粒子的全能量、半能量、1/3能量和1/18能量4种成分分别占15%,42%,35%,8%。     

融合声源分离及反复结构模型的音乐分离方法

针对现有的单一音乐分离算法难以分离背景音乐和歌声的问题,提出一种融合声源分离及反复结构模型的音乐分离方法。该方法首先通过迭代的方式分离出音乐的谐波声源和冲击声源,再引入节奏谱分析不同声源的能量谱矩阵,对其建立反复周期结构模型,最后保留谐波源的反复周期成分,去除冲击源的反复周期成分,得到分离后的背景音乐和歌声。针对MIR-1K数据库,对1000首音乐片段的分离实验表明,与现有分离方法对比,本文方法在分离背景音乐和歌声时均表现出优异的性能。      

Infant pitch perception: evidence for responding to pitch categories and the missing fundamental

While numerous studies on infant perception have demonstrated the infant's ability to discriminate sounds having different frequencies, little research has evaluated more sophisticated pitch perception abilities such as perceptual constancy and perception of the missing fundamental. In the present study 7-8-month-old infants demonstrated the ability to discriminate harmonic complexes from two pitch categories that differed in pitch by approximately 20% (e.g., 160 vs 200 Hz). Using a visually reinforced conditioned head-turning paradigm, a number of spectrally different tonal complexes that contained varying harmonic components but signaled the same two pitch categories were presented. After learning the basic pitch discrimination, the same infants learned to categorize spectrally different tonal complexes according to the pitches signaled by their fundamental frequencies. That is, the infants showed evidence of perceptual constancy for the pitch of harmonic complexes. Finally, infants heard tonal complexes that signaled the same pitch categories but for which the fundamental frequency was removed. Infants were still able to categorize the harmonic complexes according to their pitch categories. These results suggest that by 7 months of age infants show fairly sophisticated pitch perception abilities similar to those demonstrated by adults.     

Main melody extraction from polyphonic music based on modified Euclidean algorithm

Extracting main melody from polyphonic music is one of the most appealing and challenging tasks in music information retrieval (MIR). In this paper, a new melody extraction method based on a modified Euclidean algorithm (MEA) is proposed. Firstly, the instantaneous frequency is adopted to gain better frequency discrimination, and the frame-wise pitch candidates are estimated based on the modified Euclidean algorithm. Next, the candidate trajectories are formed using these potential candidates, and padded by the candidate one octave above or below if there is a gap at some isolated frames. Finally, the melodic contours are extracted using the melody smoothness and salience principle. The proposed modified Euclidean algorithm can deal with diverse coprime harmonic combinations, and work well at low computational cost and memory requirement. The experimental results show that the proposed method can extract main melody extraction effectively with few pitch candidates.     

Monaural room acoustic parameters from music and speech

This paper compares two methods for extracting room acoustic parameters from reverberated speech and music. An approach which uses statistical machine learning, previously developed for speech, is extended to work with music. For speech, reverberation time estimations are within a perceptual difference limen of the true value. For music, virtually all early decay time estimations are within a difference limen of the true value. The estimation accuracy is not good enough in other cases due to differences between the simulated data set used to develop the empirical model and real rooms. The second method carries out a maximum likelihood estimation on decay phases at the end of notes or speech utterances. This paper extends the method to estimate parameters relating to the balance of early and late energies in the impulse response. For reverberation time and speech, the method provides estimations which are within the perceptual difference limen of the true value. For other parameters such as clarity, the estimations are not sufficiently accurate due to the natural reverberance of the excitation signals. Speech is a better test signal than music because of the greater periods of silence in the signal, although music is needed for low frequency measurement.     

轻小型双光谱红外成像探测系统研究与分析

结合谐衍射光学元件特殊的消热差以及对波面进行任意整形的特点,针对现代最先进的像元尺寸为30 μm、像元数320×240的红外双色探测器,提出了一种轻小型双光谱超宽温度红外探测成像系统方案,利用折射/谐衍射结构实现了超宽温范围内的被动式消热差红外成像探测,仅用三片镜子的单结构就可实现系统在3.8～4.2和8.8～11.2 μm双光谱处在-120 ℃～200 ℃温度范围内同时探测。系统仅使用锗和硒化锌两种材料,引入了一个非球面和一个谐衍射面, 实现了消热差、消色差和结构简单轻量化,设计结果表明,该系统在-120～200 ℃温度范围内, 3.8～4.2和8.8～11.2 μm光谱处的最大均方根半径值分别为19.07和17.75 μm,小于红外探测器的像元尺寸30 μm,在红外探测器两个像元内,3.8～4.2和8.8～11.2 μm光谱处的能量集中度分别优于88.7%和82.4%,成像质量良好,方案工程实现性好,设计方法和设计结果合理可行。     

Model-based sound synthesis of the guqin

This paper presents a model-based sound synthesis algorithm for the Chinese plucked string instrument called the guqin. The instrument is fretless, which enables smooth pitch glides from one note to another. A version of the digital waveguide synthesis approach is used, where the string length is time-varying and its energy is scaled properly. A body model filter is placed in cascade with the string model. Flageolet tones are synthesized with the so-called ripple filter structure, which is an FIR comb filter in the delay line of a digital waveguide model. In addition, signal analysis of recorded guqin tones is presented. Friction noise produced by gliding the finger across the soundboard has a harmonic structure and is proportional to the gliding speed. For pressed tones, one end of a vibrating string is terminated either by the nail of the thumb or a fingertip. The tones terminated with a fingertip decay faster than those terminated with a thumb. Guqin tones are slightly inharmonic and they exhibit phantom partials. The synthesis model takes into account these characteristic features of the instrument and is able to reproduce them. The synthesis model will be used for rule based synthesis of guqin music.     

Quantitative assessment of the degree of hoarseness

By using a computer simulation, the author examined the theoretically expected discrepancy of the obtained H/N ratio from the real H/N value, the effects of perturbatios of pitch, and amplitude on the H/N ratio and others. Regarding the averaged wave as an estimate of the harmonic component, resulted in harmonic energy greater than its real value. The H/N ratio method detected perturbations of pitch and amplitude as a quantity of noise energy. The effect of pitch perturbation on the H/N ratio was much greater than that of amplitude perturbation. The error range of the measurement system did not contribute significantly to the calculated H/N ratios.     

衰减透射法测量高能X射线能谱

研究了基于衰减透射原理的高能X射线能谱测量与重建。利用蒙特卡罗方法对神龙一号直线感应加速器的X射线源穿过不同厚度铝时的衰减透射过程进行模拟实验。解谱方法采用迭代扰动法,对不同的初始能谱估计和测量噪声水平条件下的能谱重建进行计算分析。结果表明:实验测量不包含噪声时,选择合适的初始能谱可以获得比较准确的能谱重建结果;在实验测量数据包含5.0%高斯随机噪声情况下,X射线能谱重建计算结果仍比较稳定,与真实值偏差相对较小。     

Pitch discrimination abilities in classical Arab-music listeners

The current experiment examined pitch discrimination thresholds in listeners of classical Arab music, and listeners of Western popular music. Classical Arab music is characterized by modes (“Maqamat”, plural of “Maqam” in Arabic language) of which the smallest interval is a quarter tone. In contrast, the smallest interval in Western music is a semitone. We hypothesized that daily exposure to a musical style involving minuscule pitch differences may have a positive effect on pitch discrimination abilities. Results demonstrate superior pitch discrimination abilities in the classical Arab music listeners. These results indicate that musical cultures may differ in their influence on perceptual abilities, depending on their basic acoustic characteristics.