R245fa和其他四种工质在高温热泵中的理论对比

把R245fa和R134a、R11、R1336mzz(Z)和R1233zd(E)四种工质的热物理性质对比,在相同的工况下理论分析了五种工质在中高温热泵中的COP、压缩机排气温度、单位容积制热量、压缩比等性能参数。结果表明,在高温热泵70～100℃的运行区间内,R245fa冷凝压力较低、制热COP高、排气温度相对较低等特性,具有良好的循环性能。R245fa拥有应用于更高冷凝温度工况下的潜质,为今后更为深入的研究提供借鉴。     

改性三氧化二铬催化1,1,3,3-四氯丙烯氟化高选择性合成反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯研究（英文）

反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(HCFO-1233zd(E))是近年来正在研发的第4代发泡剂,其大气臭氧消耗潜能值为0.000 24,温室效应潜能值为7.0,毒性低,常态下不燃,使用安全;它也是合成含氟精细化工品的中间体,以及合成氟树脂和氟弹性体的单体.我们制备了Al, Zn, Co改性的Cr_2O_3催化剂,将其成功应用于1,1,3,3-四氯丙烯(HCC-1230za)与氟化氢反应中,高选择性地合成HCFO-1233zd(E),复合催化剂Zn/Cr_2O_3显示高稳定性,其中HCC-1230za转化率高达99.4%, HCFO-1233zd(E)的选择性高达98.2%.反应条件诸如反应物HF/HCC-1230za的摩尔比和反应温度等对产物分布有显著影响.在相对较低的温度(200℃)和较大的HF/HCC-1230za摩尔比(10∶1)下,对HCFO-1233zd(E)的选择性有利.通过XRD, XPS, BET和V70吡啶吸附红外光谱技术对复合催化剂Zn/Cr_2O_3进行了表征.XRD结果表明,催化剂中大多数无定形Cr_2O_3和高度分散微晶相Cr_2O_3共同导致催化剂的高活性和高稳定性. HCC-1230za的转化率与预氟化处理催化剂Zn/Cr_2O_3的比表面积有关,催化剂的比表面积越高,催化活性越高. XPS光谱表明,在预氟化过程中,表面铬氧化物可能与F原子强烈相互作用,从而导致Cr原子的化学环境发生广泛变化. V70吡啶吸附红外光谱和氨-程序升温脱附技术结果证明尚未失活的催化剂Lewis酸和Br?nsted酸中心的数目和强度与新制备的催化剂相比明显提高.     

HFO-1234yf和HFO-1234ze(E)的合成方法与研究现状

介绍了制冷剂的发展历史,指出第四代制冷剂要满足低ODP和GWP要求,暨HFO类制冷剂;叙述了HFO-1234yf和HFO-1234ze(E)制备方法,总结了各种方法的优缺性,并展示了HFO-1234yf和HFO-1234ze(E)在实际中的研究和应用情况。认为HFO-1234yf和HFO-1234ze(E)是以后制冷剂的研究和应用的热门,现在需要找到转化率更高的合成路径和催化效率更高的催化剂。     

改性三氧化二铬催化1,1,3,3-四氯丙烯氟化高选择性合成反式-1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯研究

反式-1-氯-3, 3, 3-三氟丙烯 (HCFO-1233zd (E))是近年来正在研发的第四代发泡剂,其大气臭氧消耗潜能值为0.00024,温室效应潜能值为7.0,毒性低,常态下不燃,使用安全;它也是合成含氟精细化工品的中间体,以及合成氟树脂和氟弹性体的单体。本论文制备了Al,Zn,Co改性的Cr2O3催化剂,将其成功应用于1, 1, 3, 3-四氯丙烯（HCC-1230za）与氟化氢反应中,高选择性地合成HCFO-1233zd (E),复合催化剂Zn / Cr2O3显示高稳定性,其中HCC-1230za转化率高达99.4％,HCFO-1233zd（E）的选择性高达98.2％。反应条件诸如反应物HF / HCC-1230za 的摩尔比和反应温度等对产物分布有显着影响。在相对较低的温度（200?C）和较大的HF / HCC-1230za 摩尔比（10：1）下,对HCFO-1233zd（E）的选择性有利。通过XRD,XPS,BET和V70吡啶吸附红外光谱技术对复合催化剂Zn / Cr2O3进行了表征。 XRD结果表明,催化剂中大多数无定形Cr2O3和高度分散微晶相Cr2O3共同导致催化剂的高活性和高稳定性。HCC-1230za的转化率与预氟化处理催化剂Zn / Cr2O3的比表面积有关,催化剂的比表面积越高,催化活性越高。XPS光谱表明,在预氟化过程中,表面铬氧化物可能与F原子强烈相互作用,从而导致Cr原子的化学环境发生广泛变化。V70吡啶吸附红外光谱和氨-程序升温脱附技术结果证明尚未失活的催化剂Lewis 酸和Br?nsted酸中心的数目和强度与新制备的催化剂相比明显提高。     

2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯的合成研究

本文综述了目前2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯（HFO-1234yf）的合成路线,包括氟-氯交换、脱卤化氢、脱卤、脱卤醇、脱次氯酸乙酰酯、脱水、加氢脱卤、脱氢、高温热解、SF₄参与的氟化反应、脱羧等。其中,以2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯（HCFO-1233xf）为原料的氟-氯交换路线、以1,1,1,2,3-五氟丙烷（HFC-245eb）为原料的脱氟化氢路线和2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟丙烷（HCFC-244bb）为原料的脱氯化氢路线均具有原料容易合成得到、容易实现气相连续化大规模生产的优势,具有工业化价值。另外,分析对这些路线拥有独立知识产权的氟化工企业现状,提出今后HFO-1234yf领域的研究重点。     

树脂基纳米复合材料吸附水中As(Ⅲ)的性能比较研究

分别将水合氧化铁/锆/铈3种纳米颗粒负载到强碱性阴离子交换树脂D201上,制备得到3种树脂基纳米复合材料HFO-201、HZO-201和HCO-201。3种纳米复合材料的比表面积、孔道结构等特征参数通过氮气吸附仪进行测定,并根据Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)和Barrett-Joyner-Halenda(BJH)模型进行计算。通过静态吸附实验考察了各种材料对水中As(Ⅲ)的吸附性能,结果表明,与HFO-201和HZO-201相比较,载铈复合材料HCO-201除As(Ⅲ)表现出更高的吸附容量、更快的吸附速率及更好的吸附选择性;模拟实际污水除砷工艺,开展固定床动态吸附研究,HCO-201的有效处理体积可达2900BV,高于HFO-201和HZO-201的有效处理体积(300BV、1150BV),吸附饱和后的HCO-201纳米复合材料可以通过NaOH-NaCl混合溶液实现完全再生。通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)初步分析,HCO-201除砷机理可能是负载的Ce先氧化As(Ⅲ)成As(V),再进行吸附,从而实现As(Ⅲ)的强化去除。     

提高光敏热成像材料感光性能的研究进展

本文从潜影形成和热显影过程两方面综述了提高光敏热成像(PTG)材料感光性能所采取的方法和所取得的成果.在潜影形成方面,主要阐述了增加光吸收效率、提高潜影形成效率和降低最小潜影中心的原子数来提高感光性能,而在促进热显影方面,分析了显影剂、有机银盐、显影促进剂、pH值、pAg值等对感光性能的影响,并提出了可能存在的其他因素.     

金属串配合物[MoMoCo(npo)4(NCS)2]的配位结构及其与电场的关系

应用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法研究了具有分子导线潜在应用的金属串配合物[MoMoCo(npo)4(NCS)2](npo=1,8-萘基-2-酮)的配位结构及其受电场作用的影响。配位方式记为(n,m),其中n、m分别表示4个赤道配体npo^-的O与Co和Mo配位的个数:n=0,1,2,3,4;m=4,3,2,1,0。结果表明:(1)零电场下,基态能量高低为(0,4)>(4,0)>(3,1)≈(1,3)>(2,2),5种配位方式均可稳定存在且互为竞争态。Z方向偶极矩μ(Z)值大小为(0,4)(+)>(1,3)(+)>(2,2)(-)>(3,1)(-)>(4,0)(-)(+、-表示μ(Z)值的正负,与Z方向相同即为正,相反即为负),4个npo^-趋向越一致能量越高极性越大。(2)Mo-Mo具有四重键,键长随μ(Z)值减小而减小,而Mo-Co键长则相反。随μ(Z)值减小前线轨道中πNCS(1)轨道能降低,π'NCS(2)轨道能升高。(3)Z方向电场作用下,除(0,4)外所有配位方式的Mo1-N8键显著增长,结构不稳定。(4)电场作用下前线轨道能级交错,μ(Z)为正值的(0,4)、(1,3)的能隙E_LUMO-HOMO在-Z方向电场中降低更显著,μ(Z)为负值的(2,2)、(3,1)和(4,0)的能隙在Z方向电场中降低更显著。分子极性越大,随电场强度增强能隙降低越显著,分子导电性可能越好。(0,4)、(3,1)和(4,0)可能具有整流效应,但(3,1)和(4,0)的稳定性较低。     

由1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯合成一些氟氯化合物

以1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯(1)为原料,合成了多种具有工业价值的氟氯化合物。首先,以叔胺-2HF为氟化试剂,亲核取代1得到3-氟-1,1,2-三氯丙烯(2);随后在AlCl3催化下异构2得到3-氟-2,3,3-三氯丙烯(3),在FeCl3或KCl催化下异构3得到1-氟-1,2,3-三氯丙烯(4);最后在铬基氟化催化剂催化下,气相氟化2高转化地得到2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(5),在SbCl5催化下,液相氟化3一步得到2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟丙烷(6)。本文所合成的化合物5和6均是合成新一代环保型制冷剂HFO-1234yf的重要中间体。     

由1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯合成氟氯化合物

以1,1,2,3-四氯丙烯(1)为原料,合成了多种具有工业价值的氟氯化合物。首先,以叔胺-2HF为氟化试剂,亲核取代1得到3-氟-1,1,2-三氯丙烯(2);随后在AlCl3催化下异构2得到3-氟-2,3,3-三氯丙烯(3),在FeCl3或KCl催化下异构3得到1-氟-1,2,3-三氯丙烯(4);最后在铬基氟化催化剂催化下,气相氟化2高转化地得到2-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯(5),在SbCl5催化下,液相氟化3一步得到2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟丙烷(6)。本文所合成的化合物5和6均是合成新一代环保型制冷剂HFO-1234yf的重要中间体。     

Synthesis and structure of hydroxyisoxazolidines and derivatives of hydroxylamine and alkenals

The reactions of N-substituted hydroxylamines with alkenals serve as a method for the synthesis of the corresponding 2-substituted 3(5)-hydroxyisoxazolidines. The reaction pathway is determined by the nature of the substituent attached to the nitrogen atom. Ring-chain isomerism has been detected in these newly obtained compoundsTranslated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1270–1276, September, 1987.     

Synthesis and characterization of triazenide and triazene complexes of ruthenium and osmium

Triazenide [M(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 [M = Ru, Os; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl; P = P(OMe)3, P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] complexes were prepared by allowing triflate [M(kappa2-OTf)P4]OTf species to react first with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene and then with an excess of triethylamine. Alternatively, ruthenium triazenide [Ru(eta2-1,3-ArNNNAr)P4]BPh4 derivatives were obtained by reacting hydride [RuH(eta2-H2)P4]+ and RuH(kappa1-OTf)P4 compounds with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of the [Ru(eta2-1,3-PhNNNPh){P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 derivative. Hydride triazene [OsH(eta1-1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar)P4]BPh4 [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2; Ar = Ph, p-tolyl] and [RuH{eta1-1,3-p-tolyl-N=NN(H)-p-tolyl}{PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 derivatives were prepared by allowing kappa1-triflate MH(kappa1-OTf)P4 to react with 1,3-diaryltriazene. The [Os(kappa1-OTf){eta1-1,3-PhN=NN(H)Ph}{P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 intermediate was also obtained. Variable-temperature NMR studies were carried out using 15N-labeled triazene complexes prepared from the 1,3-Ph15N=N15N(H)Ph ligand. Osmium dihydrogen [OsH(eta2-H2)P4]BPh4 complexes [P = P(OEt)3, PPh(OEt)2] react with 1,3-ArN=NN(H)Ar triazene to give the hydride-diazene [OsH(ArN=NH)P4]BPh4 derivatives. The X-ray crystal structure determination of the [OsH(PhN=NH){PPh(OEt)2}4]BPh4 complex is reported. A reaction path to explain the formation of the diazene complexes is also reported.     

Mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine and perforine and of their derivatives

Conclusions The mass and NMR spectra of haplophyllidine, perforine, and their derivatives have been studied. The influence of the open and cyclic forms of the molecular ion on the nature of the fragmentation has been discussed. The main routes of fragmentation of the compounds considered are due to the presence of substituents at C₈ and C₄.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 273–279, 1969     

Crystal and molecular structure of aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- and benzaldehydes

Aroyl- and acetylhydrazones of acet- (I) and benzaldehydes (IV) and benzoylhydrazones of acet- (II) and benzaldehydes (III) were studied by x-ray structural and quantum-chemical methods in order to establish their structures. Compund (I) was the EEZ structure in the crystal. Calculations and spectral data showed that the EEE form occurs in nonpolar solvents and in the gas phase. According to crystallographic data molecules (I)–(IV) are the E-isomers (relative to the N-N bond) and the hydrazone fragments are planar. Intermolecular N-H...O H-bonds from in the crystals. The data obtained suggest that the majority of acylhydrazones are conformationally rigid on dissolution although exceptions do occur. Apparently the reasons for the difference of acetyl- and benzoylhydrazones in electrocarboxylation reactions are electronic and not steric factors.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 75–81, January, 1991.     

Investigation of adhesion and mobility of polyurethane and epoxy-rubber glues and adhesives

The values of activation parameters in uncured and cured epoxy resins, rubbers, and blends thereof are investigated. The dependences of activation energy and adhesion strength of epoxy-rubber compositions on rubber content are determined. The correlation of adhesion and activation energy values for polyurethane rubber and epoxy-rubber compositions is shown.     

Preparation and characterization of diarylphosphazene and diarylphosphinohydrazide complexes of titanium, tungsten and ruthenium and phosphorylketimido complexes of rhenium

Reaction of the proligand Ph2PN(SiMe3)2 (L1) with WCl6 gives the oligomeric phosphazene complex [WCl4(NPPh2)]n, 1 and subsequent reaction with PMe2Ph or NBu4Cl gives [WCl4(NPPh2)(PMe2Ph)] (2) or [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] (3), respectively. DF calculations on [WCl5(NPPh2)][NBu4] show a W=N double bond (1.756 A) and a P-N bond distance of 1.701 A, which combined with the geometry about the P atom suggests, there is no P-N multiple bonding. Reaction of L1 with [ReOX3(PPh3)2] in MeCN (X = Cl or Br) gives [ReX2(NC(CH3)P(O)Ph2)(MeCN)(PPh3)](X = Cl, 4, X = Br, 5) which contains the new phosphorylketimido ligand. It is bound to the rhenium centre with a virtually linear Re-N-C arrangement (Re-N-C angle = 176.6 degrees, when X = Cl) and there is multiple bonding between Re and N (Re-N = 1.809(7) A when X = Cl). The proligand Ph2PNHNMe2(L2H) reacts with [(C5H5)TiCl3] to give [(C5H5)TiCl2(Me2NNPPh2)] (6). An X-ray crystal structure of the complex shows the ligand (L2) is bound by both nitrogen atoms. Reaction of the proligands Ph2PNHNR2[R2 = Me2 (L2H), -(CH2CH2)2NCH3 (L3H), (CH2CH2)2CH2 (L4H)] with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave [RuCl2(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)L] {L = L2H (7), L3H (8), L4H (9)}. The X-ray crystal structures of 7-9 confirmed that the phosphinohydrazine ligand is neutral and bound via the phosphorus only. Reaction of complexes 7-9 with AgBF4 resulted in chloride ion abstraction and the formation of the cationic species [RuCl(6-p-MeC6H4iPr)(L)]+ BF4- {(L = L2H (10), L3H (11), L4H (12)}. Finally, reaction of complex 6 with [{RuCl(mu-Cl)(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)}2] gave the binuclear species [(eta6-p-MeC6H4iPr)Cl2Ru(mu2,eta3-Ph2PNNMe2)TiCl2(C5H5)], 13.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

The chemical transport of molybdenum and tungsten and of their dioxides and sulfides

Experiments have been made and an extensive thermodynamic discussion has taken place concerning the chemical transport of Mo, W, MoO₂, WO₂, MoS₂ and WS₂ in the presence of iodine. Efforts have been made to find the species via which Mo and W can migrate within the gas phase.Results: In each case the transport proceeds via the oxide iodides MoO₂J₂ and WO₂J₂ respectively, as already known for the dioxides. Thus the chemical transport of Mo, W, MoS₂ and WS₂ needs not only J₂ but also H₂O, usually liberated from the wall of the quartz ampoule.By means of J₂ + H₂O, the metals can be transported into the high temperature region of the ampoule (e.g., 1050 → 1150°C), whereas the transport of the sulfides proceeds in the opposite direction (e.g., 900 → 700°C).For the sulfide-transport the influence of the ratio of the transport agents $\text{J}{}_2\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ has been discussed.The water content of the quartz glass out of which the ampoules are made is an important source for water, influencing the reactions.The addition of graphite which considerably lowers the H₂O partial pressure prevents any transport of the metals or the sulfides, which proves that the use of J₂ alone as a transport agent is insufficient in these cases.The gaseous iodides MoJ_x and WJ_z are without any importance under the experimental conditions used for the transport of the metals, their dioxides and sulfides.The partial pressures of MoO₂(OH)₂ and WO₂(OH)₂ under the experimental conditions chosen may usually be neglected. But in the system $\text{MoO}{}_2\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ the transport via MoO₂(OH)₂ (1000 → 800°C) has been observed.The synthesis of MoO₂ and WO₂, starting with the elements or with powder of metal and trioxide is promoted by the addition of J₂. The reaction steps involved are discussed.