RHIC能区Au+Au碰撞中集合径向流的研究

利用相对论量子分子动力学模型RQMD,对RHIC能区s=200A GeV Au+Au碰撞的集体膨胀效应进行了研究,对散射粒子的横质量谱进行了分析.研究表明,在RHIC能区的重离子反应中存在有强的集合径向流.对单粒子谱的拟合结果给出Au+Au的源冻结温度为160MeV,平均径向流速度为0.6c.     

核子碰撞截面的介质修正对多重碎裂的影响

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型研究了中能重离子碰撞过程中,同位旋相关的核子碰撞截面的介质修正对于多重碎裂的影响.结果表明:在包括动量相关作用在内的软势的情况下,介质修正明显地提高了自由核子的发射和中等质量碎片的多重性对于核子碰撞截面的同位旋依赖的敏感性.但对于原子核阻止敏感地依赖于核子碰撞截面的同位旋效应而不敏感地依赖于对称势的形式这一性质的影响并不明显,因此,原子核阻止对于核子碰撞截面的同位旋依赖的敏感性主要决定于自由核子碰撞截面的同位旋相关性.     

用中子晕弹核探寻同位旋非对称核物质状态方程

总结和评述了用中子晕弹核探寻同位旋非对称核物质状态方程。在具有同位旋和动量依赖的同位旋相关量子分子动力学框架内,采用对比中子晕弹核和相等质量稳定弹核在完全相同入射道条件下物理观测量的差别,来突出中子晕核明显的同位旋效应和加强物理观测量对于同位旋的灵敏性,从而提取核物质状态方程。例如,与稳定弹核碰撞系统相比,中子晕弹核明显提高了发射核子的中子-质子比和增加了它对于对称势的灵敏性,这两点特征非常有利于提取对称势。同样,由于中子晕弹核碰撞系统在低能区（E〈60MeV）由于内部松散结构减弱了核子碰撞力度和动量耗散,与稳定核碰撞系统相比,明显提高了原子核阻止;而在高能区由于两体碰撞同位旋效应的增加,从而明显提高了原子核阻止。利用这些特征可以提取核子-核子碰撞截面的介质效应和同位旋依赖性。     

AGS和RHIC能区核-核碰撞中的领头粒子效应与双柱模型

在总结双柱模型计算结果的基础上, 用该模型对交变梯度同步加速器(AGS)和相对论性重离子对撞机(RHIC)能区核－核碰撞中的领头粒子效应进行了统一分析. 结果表明:在AGS和RHIC能区, 不同中心性核－核碰撞中带电粒子(赝)快度分布的不同, 主要由领头粒子的贡献影响; 如果扣除领头粒子的贡献, 不同中心性核－核碰撞中带电粒子的(赝)快度分布有相同的形状.     

重离子碰撞中原子核阻止的同位旋效应

利用含有3种对称势形式的同位旋相关的量子分子动力学,研究了中能重离子碰撞中原子核阻止的同位旋效应和随入射道条件的系统演化过程.计算结果表明,原子核阻止灵敏地依赖束流能量、碰撞参数、碰撞系统的质量和核子–核子碰撞截面的同位旋相关性,而3种对称势和碰撞系统的中质比对它的影响不很明显,但在大约费米能量以下能区,原子核阻止同时依赖于介质中核子–核子碰撞截面和对称势.故认为在费米能量以上能区直至150MeV/u,原子核阻止是提取介质中核子–核子碰撞截面的一个新的物理观测量.     

中能重离子碰撞中同位旋相关核子-核子碰撞截面和同位旋相关平均场的探针

在最近几年我们通过使用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型 (IQMD)系统的研究了同位旋相关的平均场和介质中核子 核子 (N N)碰撞截面对中能重离子碰撞 (HIC)中碎裂和耗散的同位旋效应。我们发现原子核阻止R和Qzz,中等质量碎片多重性Nimf和质子(中子 )发射数Np(Nn)敏感的依赖于介质中N N碰撞截面的同位旋效应 ,而弱的依赖于同位旋相关的平均场 (对称势 ) ,这些物理量作为提取相对高能范围缺中子系统的同位旋相关介质中N N碰撞截面的探针。我们也可以通过相对低能区到 1 5 0MeV/u的前平衡核子发射中质比来提取关于对称势的知识和讨论它的同位旋依赖性。     

低SIS能区重离子碰撞过程的系统性研究

在极端相对论量子分子动力学(UrQMD)模型中加入势能密度泛函形式的势修正、核子-核子弹性散射截面的更细致的介质修正以及碎片重构模式中的同位旋效应后,重点研究低SIS能区(约40～400 MeV/u)重离子碰撞的动力学过程。在较系统地研究此能区重离子碰撞后的轻碎片产生及集体流后,重点研究对高密区对称能密度依赖敏感的观测量。发现:(1)质量对称的Sn系列同位素反应系统,其中子平衡能的系统N/Z分布能敏感探测对称能密度依赖;(2)横速度/动量分布的中子和质子及氢同位素的椭圆流比vn2/vp,H2敏感依赖于对称能。经采用多组核物质标量不可压缩系数K0值差别很小、对称能斜率参数L值相差较大的Skyrme势参数计算并对FOPI/LAND相应数据做χ2分析后抽取的L值为(89±45)MeV。     

对中能重离子碰撞碎块形成过程中核结构效应的研究

在一般的量子分子动力学模型(QMD)的基础上,通过考虑重构模型(RAM),中子、质子区分,核子费米性质的描述以及利用摩擦冷却方法(FCM)来对核基态抽样,得到一种改进的量子分子动力学模型(MQMD).然后,在改进的量子分子动力学模型的基础上研究了¹²C+¹²C在E_lab=28.7MeV/u时一些同位素的分布及其时间稳定性.结果表明,改进的量子分子动力学模型能够很好地描述重离子碰撞中碎块形成的核结构效应.     

同位旋效应对中能重离子反应中轻粒子产物的影响

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,研究了¹¹²Sn+¹¹²Sn和¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn两反应系统在不同入射能量、不同碰撞参数、不同势场和不同核子-核子碰撞截面下的粒子发射特征.阐述了发射体系的同位旋对轻粒子产额比的影响.发现轻粒子产额比是同位旋的敏感观测量.另外,还发现中快度区发射的粒子有更高的丰中子程度.同时,轻粒子的比不敏感于核子核子碰撞截面,而敏感于核态方程,这使得从轻粒子比提取同位旋相关的核态方程变成一种可能. 关键词： 同位旋相关的量子分子动力学 同位旋效应 轻粒子产额比     

碰撞参数的混杂效应及其对观测量的影响

基于改进型量子分子动力学（ImQMD）模型,讨论了中低能区重离子碰撞实验上利用多重数定义的中心碰撞和理论上利用固定碰撞参数定义的中心碰撞的差别及其影响。在束流能量为50 MeV/u时,发现两种方法得到的碎块电荷多重数分布、碎块的平均动能的结果的最大偏差约有50%。两种方法对于同位旋敏感观测量--并合不变的中子-质子产额比的影响在5%~15%之间。研究表明,利用中低能重离子碰撞精确获取核物质状态方程或者介质中核子-核子散射截面时,必须考虑碰撞参数混杂的效应。     

Forward a production and nuclear stopping power in d+Au collisions at RHIC

Using the forward time projection chambers of STAR we measure the centrality dependent A and ā yields in d+Au collisions at √s _NN =200 GeV at forward and backward rapidities. The contributions of different processes to particle production and baryon transport are probed exploiting the inherent asymmetry of the d+Au system. While the d side appears to be dominated by multiple independent nucleon-nucleon collisions, nuclear effects contribute significantly on the Au side. Using the constraint of baryon number conservation, the rapidity loss of baryons in the incoming deuteron can be estimated as a function of centrality. This is compared to a model and to similar measurements in Au+Au, which gives insights into the nuclear stopping power at relativistic energies.     

Covariance analysis of an isospin-dependent probe

Based on a modified quantum molecular dynamics model,we calculate the neutron-proton ratio and the nuclear stopping of reaction systems with different symmetry potentials and collision cross sections.We perform correlations of several probes using the covariance data processing method.It is shown that the correlation between the nuclear stopping and the isospin-dependent nucleon-nucleon cross sections is strong,but the nuclear stopping and symmetry potentials have a weak correlation.The correlation between neutron-proton ratio and symmetry potentials in the case of low energy is stronger.The correlation between neutron-proton ratio and isospin-dependent collision cross sections is enhanced with the increase of energy,but remains weak.In addition,the correlations of the emission numbers of the deuteron with the symmetry potentials and collision cross sections at different beam energies are not obvious compared to two prior physical quantities.In this paper,we define a parameter to quantitatively describe the sensitivity of isospin-dependent probes.By analyzing this parameter,one can extract more information about the isospin effects of the physical quantity.     

Baryon rapidity loss in relativistic Au + Au collisions

An excitation function of proton rapidity distributions for different centralities is reported from AGS Experiment E917 for Au+Au collisions at 6, 8, and 10.8 GeV/nucleon. The rapidity distributions from peripheral collisions have a valley at midrapidity which smoothly change to distributions that display a broad peak at midrapidity for central collisions. The mean rapidity loss increases with increasing beam energy, whereas the fraction of protons consistent with isotropic emission from a stationary source at midrapidity decreases with increasing beam energy. The data suggest that the stopping is substantially less than complete at these energies.     

Isospin effect of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in excited nuclear reactions

Using relativistic mean field theory, the neutron and the proton density distribution of ⁵⁶Ni nuclei could be obtained in the ground state and the excited state. Based on the framework of the quantum molecular dynamics model, the ⁵⁶Ni nuclei have been simulated in ground state and in the neutron or proton excited state. We then used the three different states of ⁵⁶Ni to collide with the ⁵⁶Ni in the ground state. To discuss the evolution of the nuclear stopping in different reactions, two kinds of different excited nuclear reactions were studied at different reaction energies and at different impact parameters. Studies have shown that the nuclear stopping of an excited nuclear reaction is sensitive to the isospin-dependent in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section, compared with the response value of the ground state nuclear reaction. So, it is better for the excited nuclei to extract the isospin dependence of nucleon-nucleon cross section information.     

动量相关作用对两体耗散同位旋效应的重要性

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学,研究了中能重离子碰撞中动量相关的状态方程对原子核阻止基于两体耗散的同位旋效应的影响.计算结果表明原子核阻止对同位旋相关和同位旋无关的核子–核子碰撞截面(两体耗散)的差值强烈地依赖于动量相关势,即在有动量相关势的情况下原子核阻止对同位旋相关和同位旋无关的核子–核子碰撞截面的差值大于没有动量相关势的情况.这就意味着动量相关作用明显地提高了原子核阻止对于核子–核子碰撞截面的灵敏性.因此,在考虑动量相关势的情况下,原子核阻止可以更准确地作为提取同位旋相关的核子–核子碰撞截面的一个探针.     

密度分布对原子核阻止同位旋效应的影响

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学（IQMD）模型,分析了中能重离子碰撞过程中相对论平均场和SkyrmeHartrere－Fork等核结构模型给出的核密度分布对原子核阻止的影响。研究表明,从费米能到的较大能量范围内,无论小质量体系还是大质量体系,原子核阻止对同位旋相关的核子－核子碰撞截面都非常灵敏,而不同模型给出的核密度分布对原子核阻止影响不大,说明原子核阻止作为提取同位旋相关核子－核子碰撞截面的灵敏探针是与原子核结构模型无关的。 Influence of densitydistributionwhichisgivenbyRMFandSkyrme－Hartrere－Fork etalnuclearstructuremodelonnuclearstoppinginheavy－ioncollisionsatintermediateenergiesarestudiedbyusingisospin－dependentquantummoleculardynamics(IQMD)model.ResearchshowsthatrangeformtheFermienergytothelargerenergyof 100 Mev/u, for bothsmallandlargemasssystem,nuclearstoppingisfoundtobestronglydependentonthenucleon－nucleoncrosssections,andweaklyondifferentdensitydistribution.ThisshowsthatnuclearstoppingcanbeusedasaprobetoextracttheinformationontheisospindependenceN－Ncrosssectionsandhasnorelationshipwithnuclearstructuremodels.     

Centrality dependence of high-p(T) hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=130 GeV

Inclusive transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons within 0.2相似文献   

Strangeness production in nuclear interactions at 200 A GeV and the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions

Data on mean numbers of , , K's and on the total number of pairs of strange valence quarks in final state hadrons in hadronic and nuclear collisions at CERN-SPS energies are studied as a function of the mean number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. Results give indications of an almost linear dependence over most of the region of . This in turn points out to strangeness being produced mostly in the central rapidity region of nucleon-nucleon collisions by a mechanism similar to a hard or semi-hard process. The available data are extrapolated to Pb+Pb interactions by two simple models, leading to . Observations exceeding these values of would give evidence of the onset of a new dynamical regime in Pb+Pb interactions. Received: 15 September 1997 / Revised version: 9 December 1997 / Published online: 26 February 1998     

Elastic scattering of heavy ions — The simplest interpretation?

Elastic scattering of heavy ions with incident energies well above the Coulomb barrier is predicted from a simple extension of the Glauber theory for high energy particle-nucleus scattering. The only parameters needed are the “measured” nuclear density distribution function and the measured forward amplitude for free nucleon-nucleon scattering. An extensive comparison between theory and experiment is presented. It is demonstrated that the nuclear absorption needed to reproduce the measured differential cross section for elastic scattering can be well reproduced by means of the measured free nucleon-nucleon total cross section and the nuclear density distribution as “measured” for instance by electron scattering. Remarkable agreement between theory and experiment is demonstrated.