meso-四(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯)卟啉修饰电极测定Pb(Ⅱ)的研究和应用

将meso-四(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯)卟啉与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠一同吸附在汞膜玻炭电极上,制得卟啉修饰电极.该电极对Pb~(2 )的测定在响应区间有良好的线性关系,电极具有灵敏度高、稳定性好、易清洗、使用寿命长等特点.对Pb~(2 )的检出限可达1×10~(-10)mol·L~(-1)数量级,可不用富集直接测定自来水中Pb~(2 ).     

氧化石墨烯修饰碳糊电极的方波溶出伏安法测定锌

实验采用改进的Hummers法合成氧化石墨烯并将其修饰在碳糊电极(CPE)的表面制备了氧化石墨烯修饰碳糊电极(GO/CPE),以该修饰电极为工作电极,采用方波溶出伏安法对锌离子进行测定。结果表明:在十二烷基苯磺酸钠的增敏作用下,在0.1mol·L~(-1)KCl溶液中,该修饰电极对锌的氧化溶出有良好的催化作用,溶出峰电流与Zn~(2+)的浓度在4.0×10-8mol·L~(-1)~2.0×10-7mol·L~(-1)呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.8×10~(-10)mol·L~(-1).该修饰电极用于实际样品中锌的含量分析,结果令人满意。     

表面活性剂在离子选择电极分析中的增敏作用

本文以涂丝Ag-Ag2S电极为指示电极,饱和甘汞电极和自制锑电极为参比电极,分别试验了加入阳离子、阴离子和非离子表面活性剂对电极灵敏度的影响。结果表明,加入非离子表面活性剂对电极响应无明显影响,但阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂可使电极灵敏度有较大提高;其中,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对电极的增敏效果显著,可使电极响应线性范围下限扩大一个数量级左右,且电极响应时间缩短,稳定性提高。     

碱性溶液中锌电极缓蚀的研究

研究了硝酸铅（Pb(NO3)2）和十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）及二者组成的复合添加剂对在3mol•L-1 KOH溶液中锌电极电化学行为的影响, 结果表明:两种添加剂均具有一定的缓蚀作用,而其复合添加剂的协同效应、缓蚀效果最佳.     

多壁碳纳米管-十二烷基苯磺酸钠修饰的碳糊电极为工作电极测定磺胺甲噁唑

取1g·L~(-1)多壁碳纳米管悬浮液2μL,滴涂在自制的碳糊电极表面,待溶剂挥发后即得多壁碳纳米管修饰的碳糊电极(MWCT-CPE)。再在其表面滴涂1g·L~(-1)十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液2μL,即制成MWCT-SDBS-CPE修饰电极。结果表明:碳糊电极经多壁碳纳米管和十二烷基苯磺酸钠修饰后,降低了电荷转移电阻,有利于电子传递。以0.005mol·L~(-1)硝酸钠为支持电解质,在pH 5.0的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中进行微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)测定时,该修饰碳糊电极对磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)具有良好的电化学响应。SMZ的线性范围为2.0×10~(-9)~1.0×10~(-7) mol·L~(-1)和1.0×10~(-7)~1.0×10~(-5) mol·L~(-1),方法的检出限为1.0×10~(-9) mol·L~(-1)。对6.0×10~(-6) mol·L~(-1)SMZ标准溶液连续测定5次,测定值的相对标准偏差为4.9%。     

锌电极有机复配缓蚀剂的性能研究

应用极化曲线、表面张力、放电实验和SEM等测试方法,研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(简称SDBS)和非离子表面活性剂吐温-20(简称Tween)之复配体系(简称ST)在碱性介质中对锌电极电化学性能的影响及其作用机理.实验表明,复配缓蚀剂ST具有比单一添加SDBS或Tween更高的缓蚀效率,并且二者具有明显的协同作用,Tween在复配体系中的作用是使活性物质于锌电极表面的临界胶团浓度显著降低,吸附分布更加均匀.从而可更有效的抑制锌电极腐蚀,改善锌电极的表观形貌,达到延迟钝化的效果,使活性物质利用率得到显著提高.     

含氯化锌的聚吡咯微胶囊的制备与性能表征

以油包水(W/O)乳液作为软模板,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBSNa)和对甲苯磺酸(Ts OH)作为掺杂剂,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作为氧化剂,采用原位聚合法制备了聚吡咯微胶囊,形成以氯化锌水溶液为芯材,聚吡咯为壁材的核-壳结构的微米材料.表征结果发现,当包覆氯化锌水溶液浓度为20%(质量分数),十二烷基苯磺酸钠、对甲苯磺酸和过氧化苯甲酰含量占单体的质量分数分别为1.27%,4.12%和123.71%时,形成的聚吡咯微胶囊大小均一,粒径在50μm左右,微胶囊表面形貌饱满光滑.有望拓展水性药物和全固态离子选择电极的应用领域.     

SMV在SDBS自组装膜与RGO复合修饰碳糊电极上的电催化氧化及电分析研究

研究了辛伐他汀(SMV)在表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)自组装膜与石墨烯(RGO)复合修饰碳糊电极(SDBS-RGO/CPE)上的电催化氧化和电化学动力学性质。实验结果表明,SDBS-RGO/CPE对SMV电化学氧化具有良好的催化作用。同时用循环伏安法(CV),计时电流法(CA)测定了SMV在SDBS-RGO/CPE上的电极反应动力学参数,用方波伏安法(SWV)测得SMV氧化峰电流(I pa)与其浓度在6.0×10-5～4.5×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好线性关系,检测限(S/N=3)为5.0×10-6mol·L-1,同时运用该方法对市售辛伐他汀片剂中SMV含量进行了电化学定量测定,测定结果符合定量测定要求。     

阴离子表面活性剂-PEG-Fe3O4纳米磁性电极对多巴胺的电催化氧化研究

采用共沉淀法制备了PEG修饰的Fe3O4纳米粒子,用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)水溶液将其分散后修饰在装有磁铁的碳糊电极表面,制成SDBS-PEG-Fe3O4磁性电极。循环伏安(CV)测定结果表明,该修饰电极对多巴胺(DA)有良好的电催化作用,DA的氧化峰电流相当于裸电极的5倍,氧化峰和还原峰的电位差从0.221 V减小到0.044 V,可逆性得到了提高。采用方波伏安法测定DA,其氧化峰电流与浓度分别在5.0×10-7～2.0×10-5mol/L和2.0×10-5～1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈线性关系,r2分别为0.996 2和0.976 2;检出限(S/N=3)达1.4×10-7mol/L。该修饰电极可基本消除抗坏血酸(AA)和尿酸(UA)等共存物质对DA测定的干扰,用于盐酸多巴胺注射液样品的测定,结果令人满意。     

P－矩阵荧光法同时测定苯酚和十二烷基苯磺酸钠

在研究了苯酚(Ph-OH)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)荧光性质的基础上,以P-矩阵计算混合体系中苯酚和十二烷基苯磺酸钠。方法灵敏度高,选择性好,简便快速,应用于环境水样测定结果令人满意。     

某些还原性生物分子对竹红菌甲素敏化产生^1O~2的抑制作用

存在还原性的生物分子如甲硫氨酸、尿酸和 还原性谷胱甘肽时,竹红菌甲素经受单电子还原形成甲素的半醌自由基、在去氧溶液中观察到了 甲素半醌负离子自由基的ESR信号.在充氧的溶液中检测到了超氧负离子自由基.还原剂的存在降低了单重态氧的生成并引起超氧负离子自由基的生成.     

Detection of synergistic effect of superoxide dismutase and jujubosides on scavenging superoxide anion radical by capillary electrophoresis

A new capillary electrophoresis method was developed to study the synergistic effect of superoxide dismutase and jujuboside A or B on scavenging superoxide anion radical in serum matrix respectively, in which superoxide anion radical was generated from pyrogallol autoxidation. The electrophoresis conditions, and the factors affecting the productive rate of purpurogallin, such as pyrogallol autoxidation product and the activity of superoxide dismutase, were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the content of superoxide dismutase in Gibco newborn calf serum was 7.06 mg/L, RSD was 2.01% and the average recovery was 98.4%. The values of IC₅₀ for jujuboside A and B in the serum matrix were 157.67 and 31.60 mg/L respectively, and they both had synergy on scavenging superoxide anion radical with superoxide dismutase, but there was no the dose‐dependency on this synergy.     

The mechanism of reaction of ebselen with superoxide in aprotic solvents as examined by cyclic voltammetry and ESR

The mechanism of the redox reaction of ebselen with superoxide was investigated using both ESR and electrochemical techniques. The reaction with superoxide in aprotic solvents was followed by means of cyclic voltammetry and ESR spin-trapping. A decrease in the oxidation current due to superoxide as a result of the addition of ebselen was clearly observed in the cyclic voltammograms. Ebselen reduced the ESR signal intensity of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO)-superoxide in a dose-dependent manner. The formation of an amidyl radical in this redox reaction was confirmed by rapid mixing continuous-flow ESR. The selenonate form and the seleninate form of ebselen were identified as the final products of the reaction of ebselen with superoxide. The following mechanism for this redox reaction can be proposed: First, ebselen reacts with superoxide and is converted to an ebselen anion radical; second, the ebselen anion radical reacts with superoxide and is converted to the amidyl radical. Hydrogen abstraction by the amidyl radical occurs and gives both a seleninate form and a selenonate form.     

Joint action of antioxidants of phenol type and superoxide anion in the oxidation reactions

Initiated oxidation of cumene with oxygen in the presence of various phenol antioxidants and a supramolecular system containing the oxygen radical anion of was studied. It is shown that superoxide anion and ionol, hydroquinone, and ethyl gallate are the antagonists in the process of inhibition of the radical chain oxidation. Simultaneous introduction of the ascorbic acid and the radical anion of oxygen caused the synergistic effect.     

Efficiency of superoxide anions in the inactivation of selected dehydrogenases

The most ubiquitous of the primary reactive oxygen species, formed in all aerobes, is the superoxide free radical. It is believed that the superoxide anion radical shows low reactivity and in oxidative stress it is regarded mainly as an initiator of more reactive species such as OH and ONOO^‐.In this paper, the effectiveness of inactivation of selected enzymes by radiation-generated superoxide radicals in comparison with the effectiveness of the other products of water radiolysis is examined. We investigate three enzymes: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).We show that the direct contribution of the superoxide anion radical to GAPDH and ADH inactivation is significant. The effectiveness of the superoxide anion in the inactivation of GAPDH and ADG was only 2.4 and 2.8 times smaller, respectively, in comparison with hydroxyl radical. LDH was practically not inactivated by the superoxide anion.Despite the fact that the studied dehydrogenases belong to the same class of enzymes (oxidoreductases), all have a similar molecular weight and are tetramers, their susceptibility to free-radical damage varies. The differences in the radiosensitivity of the enzymes are not determined by the basic structural parameters analyzed. A significant role in inactivation susceptibility is played by the type of amino acid residues and their localization within enzyme molecules.     

Rapid screening and evaluation of XOD inhibitors and O2•− scavenger from total flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba leaves by LC–MS and multimode microplate reader

Superoxide anion radical scavenger and xanthine oxidase inhibitor play an important role in the treatment of several relevant human diseases. In the present study, ultrafiltration liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry coupled to microplate reader was applied to screen and identify superoxide anion radical scavengers and xanthine oxidase inhibitors from total flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba leaves. As a result, four compounds (quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin) were screened as xanthine oxidase inhibitors by ultrafiltration LC–MS, and the 50% scavenging concentration values of the screened flavonoids were lower than those for allopurinol. Lineweaver–Burk plot results indicated that kaempferol was a competitive xanthine oxidase inhibitor; the other flavonoids were all anticompetitive inhibitors. Four flavonoids—rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin—were screened as superoxide anion radical scavengers by LC–MS. The results demonstrate that the method for screening and evaluation of superoxide anion radical scavenger and xanthine oxidase inhibitor from a complex mixture system is feasible and efficient.     

Effect of structural modification on photodynamic activity of hypocrellins

Aluminum ion complexed 5,8-di-Br-hypocrellin B is a new water-soluble perylenequinonoid derivative with enhanced absorption over hypocrellin B (HB) in the phototherapeutic window (600-900 nm). Electron paramagnetic resonance and 9,10-diphenyl-anthracene bleaching methods were used to investigate the photosensitizing activity of [AL2(5,8-di-Br-HB)Cl4]n in the presence of oxygen. Singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical can be generated by [AL2(5,8-di-Br-HB)CL4]n photosensitization. Singlet oxygen (1O2) is formed via energy transfer from triplet-state [AL2(5,8-di-Br-HB)CL4]n to ground-state molecular oxygen. 1O2 participates in the generation of a portion of superoxide anion radical (O2.-). Besides superoxide anion radical (O2.-) may originate from the electron transfer between the triplet-state [AL2(5,8-di-Br-HB)CL4]n and the ground-state molecular oxygen. OH is formed through the Fenton-Haber-Weiss reaction and the decomposition of DMPO-1O2 adduct. Compared with HB [AL2(5,8-di-Br-HB)CL4]n primarily remains and enhances the generation efficiency of superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical but that of singlet oxygen decreases.     

可见光/H2O2体系中的协同敏化

分析了可见光/H₂O₂体系中产生协同敏化效应的原因. 通过分析苯酚红、 甲基橙、 天青Ⅰ及三者混合物的紫外-可见光谱发现, 三者混合后拓宽了在可见光区的响应范围, 提高了对可见光的利用率. 采用邻菲罗啉法、 二苯基卡巴肼法和磷钼酸铵分光光度法分别测试了上述有色物在可见光/H₂O₂体系中产生光生电子e、 单线态氧和超氧阴离子自由基的量, 结果表明, 三者混合物在可见光下超氧阴离子自由基的产量明显比单独有色物的高, 光生电子和单线态氧的产量相差不大, 说明超氧阴离子自由基产量的提高是产生协同敏化的主要原因. 测试结果还证实光生电子不能催化过氧化氢产生羟自由基.     

SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF CUTANEOUS PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS—X. A SPIN-TRAPPING AND DIRECT ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDY OF THE PHOTOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF DAUNOMYCIN AND ADRIAMYCIN

Abstract— Irradiation of daunomycin (or adriamycin) and the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-l-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) at 490 nm in the presence or in the absence of air generated the hydroxyl radical adduct (DMPO-OH). The observed DMPO-OH signal was not affected by the addition of hydroxyl radical scavengers (ethanol, formate), suggesting that direct trapping of the hydroxyl radical was not involved. The DMPO-OH signal was insensitive to superoxide dismutase and catalase, which ruled out the possibility of superoxide or H₂O₂ involvement. These findings demonstrate that daunomycin (or adriamycin) does not generate hydroxyl radicals or superoxide radical anions when subjected to 490-nm excitation. However, when daunomycin (or adriamycin) was irradiated at 310 nm DMPO adducts derived from two carbon-centered radicals, superoxide and the hydroxyl radical were detected. The superoxide adduct of DMPO was abolished by the addition of SOD, providing unequivocal evidence for the generation of the superoxide anion radical. The daunomycin semiquinone radical, observed upon 310-nm irradiation of daunomycin in the absence of DMPO, appears to be the precursor of the superoxide radical anion. One of the carbon-centered radicals trapped by DMPO exhibited a unique set of hyperfine parameters and was identified as an acyl radical. This suggests that the known photochemical deacylation of daunomycin occurs via a homolytic cleavage mechanism. The free radicals generated photolytically from adriamycin and daunomycin may be involved in the etiology of the skin ulceration and inflammation caused by these drugs. A knowledge of the dependence of these photogenerated radicals on the wavelength of excitation may be important in the development of adriamycin and daunomycin for photodynamic therapy.     

Indirect determination of superoxide anion radical in the plant of red sage based on vanillin-8-aminoquinoline with fluorescence

A novel spectrofluorimetric method using vanillin-8-aminoquinoline (VAQ) as fluorescent probe was developed for the determination of superoxide anion radical (O₂⁻). The new fluorescent probe was characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra. Under the optimum conditions of the determination, the linear calibration range and the detection limit of the developed method for superoxide anion radical were in the range (0.0-1.0)×10⁻⁵ and 2.0×10⁻⁸ mol l⁻¹, respectively. The effect of interferences was studied. The proposed method was applied to determine the generation rate of superoxide anion radical in the course of aging in red sage successfully.