非局部摩擦在塑性加工中的应用

在几类金属塑性成形加工问题中,为了考虑金属材料表面微凸体在模具与工件之间的接触区上的非局部摩擦效应,采用Oden等提出的非局部摩擦模型,借助主应力法,建立了相应问题的单元体的积微分形式的力平衡方程,在简化的情况下,利用摄动法求得接触面上接触压力在非局部摩擦下的近似解,分析了影响接触压力非局部效应的各种因素。     

岩体灌浆锚杆的非局部摩擦分析

本文对Oden等提出的非局部摩擦模型进行了修正,得到了修正后的非局部摩擦模型,并应用于岩土工程问题。文中利用Mindlin问题的位移解导出了岩体灌浆锚杆沿杆体表面所受的剪应力的弹性解,对岩体灌浆锚杆进行非局部摩擦分析,在简化的情况下,得到了在修正后的非局部摩擦模型下的岩体灌浆锚杆侧剪应力的积分形式,再用Maple程序求解,将其所得的结果与局部摩擦(库仑摩擦)模型下的侧剪应力进行比较,结果表明是合理有效的。     

板材冲压成形有限元数值模拟界面摩擦约束处理方法

基于弹塑性大变形板材冲压成形增量有限元法,采用线性弹簧单元提出一种空间三维板材冲压成形等效界面摩擦力的处理方法.这种方法的优点是可以反映界面摩擦力的同步、被动产生效果,同时它还可以保证约束后刚度矩阵的对称性.将提出的摩擦约束处理算法引入自主开发的板材成形模拟软件FASTAMP,计算了汽车油底壳的成形过程,计算结果的厚度分布与实际冲压件吻合比较好,验证了等效界面摩擦力约束处理方法的有效性.     

金属板料拉延二次成形的有限元法模拟

建立了二次拉延成形加工的有限元分析计算模型;采用一次成形-回弹计算-二次成形的连续计算过程模拟了实际加工过程;有限元计算采用动力显式计算程序MSC/DYTRAN;用主从面（master surface-slave surface)模型定义板料和模具的接触,摩擦力用库仑定律计算;利用动力松弛法对成形过程中的回弹进行了计算。模拟结果和实际零件比较,证明模型合理,自满稳定,结果可靠,具有良好的应用价值。     

全长粘结式锚杆的非局部摩擦分析

本文对Oden等提出的非局部摩擦模型进行了修正,得到了修正后的非局部摩擦模型.并应用于全长粘结式锚杆问题.文中利用Mindlin问题的位移解导出的全长粘结式锚杆沿杆体表面所受的剪应力的弹性解,对全长粘结式锚杆进行非局部摩擦分析,得到了在修正后的非局部摩擦模型下的全长粘结式锚杆的侧剪应力.文中修正的非局部摩擦模型下的全长粘结式锚杆的剪应力分布规律与试验得到的结果以及局部摩擦模型(库仑模型)下的计算结果进行了对比,结果表明修正的非局部摩擦模型下的计算结果与实验更符合.因此在描述此锚杆剪应力时,非局部摩擦模型比局部摩擦模型(库仑模型)更接近的实际.     

大变形中摩擦接触问题的数值模拟及应用

大变形的摩擦接触是复杂的非线性问题 ,本文介绍了一种处理摩擦接触问题的数值方法。采用接触单元技术模拟接触界面 ,基于弹塑性理论形式的非经典Coulomb摩擦定律及罚函数方法建立了摩擦接触的增量本构关系。结合大变形的增量分析格式给出了积分摩擦接触本构方程的回映方法。这种处理摩擦接触问题的方法计算简单、使用方便。给出的计算实例及应用实例说明了方法的精度与稳定性     

表面形貌变形对塑性成形滑动接触界面摩擦的影响

为了更好地理解塑性成形滑动接触界面的摩擦行为,构建了一种新型的摩擦试验装置,运用表面纹理化技术制备了两类表面形貌的1050铝材试件,在不同的接触压力和滑动速度条件下进行一系列拉伸摩擦试验.对试验前后试件三维表面形貌进行了测量;提取真实接触面积比、封闭空体面积比和开放空体面积比等三维表面参数,来描述试件表面形貌的变化.试验发现:摩擦系数随名义接触压力和滑动速度增加而逐渐减小;试件初始表面形貌对摩擦有明显的影响;试件表面形貌和参数随接触条件出现了规律性变化.基于机械流变模型的分析表明:随着试件表面形貌变形,不同的机理决定界面摩擦行为,摩擦系数对名义接触压力和滑动速度的依赖性可分别归因于微观塑性流体动压润滑效应和入口区流体动压牵引效应.     

冲压过程模拟的接触与摩擦关系数值方法

文中简介采用非经典算法求解板件冲压过程数值模拟的基本思想；就与模具间接触与摩擦关系的处理作重点论述，并给出算例。     

Remaillage adaptatif pour la mise en forme des tôles minces

Problems associated with finite element simulation of the forming processes are characterized by large elastoplastic deformations, evolutive contact with friction, geometrical nonlinearities inducing a severe distortion of the computational mesh of the domain. In this case, frequent remeshing of the deformed domain during computation are necessary to obtain an accurate solution and complete the computation until the termination of the numerical simulation process. This Note presents a new adaptive remeshing method of thin sheets for numerical simulation of metal forming processes. The proposed method is based on geometrical criteria and does not use the geometry of the forming tools. It is integrated in a computational environment using the ABAQUS solver. Numerical examples are given to show the efficiency of our approach. To cite this article: L. Moreau et al., C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

Metal-forming problems with combined hardening

A class of quasi-steady metal-forming problems under nonlocal contactand Coulomb’s friction boundary conditions is considered with an incompressible,rigid-plastic,strain-rate dependent,isotropic,and kinematic hardening material model.Acoupled variational formulation is derived,the convergence of a variable stiffness parame-ter method with time retardation is proved,and the existence and uniqueness results areobtained.     

钢丝绳捻制成形接触问题的有限元分析

基于虚功原理建立了钢丝绳捻制成形过程中考虑接触摩擦时的刚度方程,将小球分裂算法用于接触搜索,Augmented Lagrange法用于计算接触力．以钢丝绳一次捻制成形过程为例,分析了摩擦系数和自扭转系数对接触应力和加工应力域变的影响．研究结果表明。摩擦系数对剪应力的影响比对等效应力和等效塑性应变的影响大;考虑摩擦时钢线表面的轴向残余应力计算结果比无摩擦条件下的计算结果更接近实验结果．     

相对湿度对几种摩擦副静摩擦系数的影响

在自制的试验台上考察了相对湿度对金属－金属摩擦副、金属－石墨摩擦副、金属－TiN涂层摩擦副及金属－WC涂层摩擦副的静摩擦系数的影响。结果发现,相对湿度对金属－石墨摩擦副和金属－WC涂层摩擦副的静摩擦系数没有影响,而对金属－金属摩擦副和金属－TiN涂层摩擦副的静摩擦系数有影响。利用分形接触模型推导并计算了由水膜的弯月面效应引起的附加静摩擦系数,计算结果与实际变化趋势相吻合,静摩擦系数的计算值比实际值稍偏大。     

A nonlocal contact formulation for confined granular systems

We present a nonlocal formulation of contact mechanics that accounts for the interplay of deformations due to multiple contact forces acting on a single particle. The analytical formulation considers the effects of nonlocal mesoscopic deformations characteristic of confined granular systems and, therefore, removes the classical restriction of independent contacts. This is in sharp contrast to traditional contact mechanics theories, which are strictly local and assume that contacts are independent regardless the confinement of the particles. For definiteness, we restrict attention to elastic spheres in the absence of gravitational forces, adhesion or friction. Hence, a notable feature of the nonlocal formulation is that, when nonlocal effects are neglected, it reduces to Hertz theory. Furthermore, we show that, under the preceding assumptions and up to moderate macroscopic deformations, the predictions of the nonlocal contact formulation are in remarkable agreement with detailed finite-element simulations and experimental observations, and in large disagreement with Hertz theory predictions—supporting that the assumption of independent contacts only holds for small deformations. The discrepancy between the extended theory presented in this work and Hertz theory is borne out by studying periodic homogeneous systems and disordered heterogeneous systems.     

碳纤维束-圆辊细观接触行为研究

为探索碳纤维束-圆辊的接触机制,本文中采用自制摩擦模拟试验装置,结合薄膜压痕法分析了纤维束接触部位的三维(3D)表面形貌,研究了预加张力和接触角度对碳纤维束-圆辊接触面积的影响规律. 结果表明:碳纤维束-圆辊接触面内的纤维束取向度是影响接触面积的关键因素,当接触角度从60°增加到170°时,纤维束取向度逐渐减小,碳纤维束-圆辊接触面积也逐渐减小,且接触角度为60°时的接触面积是170°时的22倍;当预加张力从0.19 N增加到1.47 N时,纤维束取向度逐渐增大,碳纤维束-圆辊接触面积逐渐增大,且预加张力为1.47 N时的接触面积是0.19 N时的2倍. 在Hertz接触理论的基础上,考虑纤维束取向度建立碳纤维束-圆辊接触面积的理论预测模型,通过试验数据验证了该模型能够准确预测碳纤维束-圆辊的接触面积.      

板材成形的计算机辅助工程系统

板材成形同时包含大变形、（粘）塑性、接触、摩擦等多种非线性因素耦合,刊用有限元法在计算机上模拟出板材从坯件到成品的全过程并加以图形显示,进而研究影响成形的各种因素,可以为板材成形的设计和生产提供可靠依据．本文介绍板材成形的计算机辅助工程系统（简称ＣＡＥ系统）的组成,并对成形数值模拟中的有限元格式、接触与摩擦问题、拉伸筋的考虑方法以及回弹的计算方法做了简单介绍．      

Analysis of a quasistatic contact problem with adhesion and nonlocal friction for viscoelastic materials

A mathematical model is established to describe a contact problem between a deformable body and a foundation. The contact is bilateral and modelled with a nonlocal friction law, in which adhesion is taken into account. Evolution of the bonding field is described by a first-order differential equation. The materials behavior is modelled with a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive law. A variational formulation of the mechanical problem is derived, and the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution can be proven if the coefficient of friction is sufficiently small. The proof is based on arguments of time-dependent variational inequalities, differential equations, and the Banach fixed-point theorem.     

织构化表面NbSe2涂层的真空载流摩擦学行为

针对航天器滑动电接触部件特殊的真空载流服役要求,利用建立的真空载流摩擦试验平台,探索铜基材织构化表面喷涂NbSe₂涂层作为空间新型导电润滑材料的可能性. 研究条状和网状不同织构以及各自在不同织构密度条件下喷涂NbSe₂涂层的真空载流摩擦学性能和影响作用规律;对比现役电镀金涂层,探讨其在真空载流条件下摩擦学和电接触行为优势. 结果表明:网格状较条状织构表面喷涂NbSe₂涂层的载流摩擦学性能更好,而且随织构密度的增加,减摩耐磨性能得到提高. 织构间距为200 μm的网格状织构表面喷涂的NbSe₂涂层展现出最佳的真空载流摩擦学性能. 相较于现役的金电镀层,其在真空载流摩擦条件下展现出更加优异的摩擦学和电接触性能,摩擦系数由0.25降至0.05,接触电压与现役材料处于同一量级,电噪音波动明显改善,由0.09V降至0.04V.      

Direct simulation of multiphase flows with modeling of dynamic interface contact angle

We describe a modeling technique for dynamic contact angle between a phase interface and a solid wall using a generalized Navier boundary condition in the context of a front-tracking-based multiphase method. The contact line motion is determined by the generalized Navier slip boundary condition in order to eliminate the infinite shear stress at the contact line. Applying this slip boundary condition only to the interface movement with various slip ratios shows good agreement with experimental results compared to allowing full fluid slip along the solid surface. The interface slip model performs well on grid convergence tests using both the slip ratio and slip length models. A detailed energy analysis was performed to identify changes in kinetic, surface, and potential energies as well as viscous and contact line dissipation with time. A friction coefficient for contact line dissipation was obtained based on the other computed energy terms. Each energy term and the friction coefficient were compared for different grid resolutions. The effect of varying the slip ratio as well as the contact angle distribution versus contact line speed was analyzed. The behavior of drop impact on a solid wall with different advancing and receding angles was investigated. Finally, the proposed dynamic contact model was extended to three dimensions for large-scale parallel calculations. The impact of a droplet on a solid cylinder was simulated to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposing formulation on general solid structures. Widely different contact angles were tested and showed distinctive characteristic behavior clearly.     

Tire-ice model development for the simulation of rubber compounds effect on tire performance

The material properties of the rubber compounds, which are highly dependent on temperature, have a vital role in the tire behavior. A comprehensive study on the effect of the rubber properties on tire performance, for different temperatures, as well as different road conditions is required to adequately predict the performance of tires on ice.In this study, a theoretical model has been developed for the tire-ice interaction. The temperature changes obtained from the model are used to calculate the height of the water film created by the heat generated due to the friction force. Next, the viscous friction coefficient at the contact patch is obtained. By using the thermal balance equation at the contact patch, the dry friction is obtained. Knowing the friction coefficients for the dry and wet regions, the equivalent friction coefficient is calculated. The model has been validated using experimental results for three similar tires with different rubber compounds properties. The model developed can be used to predict the temperature changes at the contact patch, the tire friction force, the areas of wet and dry regions, the height of the water film for different ice temperatures, different normal load, etc.     

超声马达转子摩擦材料厚度对驱动性能的影响研究

制备了一系列不同厚度的摩擦材料 ,利用超声马达摩擦特性模拟试验装置 ,研究了摩擦材料厚度对超声马达空载转速和堵转力矩的影响 .基于一个简化的行波超声马达定子和转子接触模型 ,用有限元法计算了定子和转子接触变形随摩擦材料厚度的变化规律 ,提出了定子和转子具有合理接触变形的摩擦材料厚度范围 .根据试验和理论计算结果确定了摩擦材料最佳厚度 ,为超声马达摩擦材料厚度设计提供了理论依据