GaN基薄膜LED倒装芯片表面结构设计及光萃取效率研究

利用FDTD方法研究具有表面微纳结构氮化镓基倒装薄膜LED芯片的光萃取效率。通过优化表面结构并研究了器件的光萃取效率随p-Ga N层厚的变化。研究发现,具有表面光子晶体和六棱锥结构的器件的光萃取效率最大值比无表面微结构器件分别提高了56%和97%。尽管两种表面结构都能有效提高器件的光萃取效率,然而采用光子晶体的方案对p-Ga N厚度和腔长要求极为苛刻。采用六棱锥结构则不仅可以获得更高的光萃取效率,并且还将大大降低实验上材料外延生长及器件制备的难度。     

双层光子晶体氮化镓蓝光发光二极管结构优化的研究

为了提升氮化镓(GaN)蓝光发光二极管(LED)光提取效率, 设计了双层光子晶体LED模型. 提出等效折射率近似方法, 简化求解了结构中的介质波导模式分布. 从而对模型中顶层光子晶体刻蚀深度d, 嵌入式光子晶体厚度T及其距有源层距离D等结构参数进行了优化. 同时利用时域有限差分方法对优化结果进行了验证. 相比其他仿真方法, 模式分析极大地减少了对LED建模优化的计算复杂度, 同时从理论上阐明了不同结构参数变化引起LED光提取效率改变的原因. 研究发现, 当顶层光子晶体满足d ≈ λ / n_PhCs 时, 结构内大部分高阶导模尚未被截断但源区能量向低阶导模的转化被有效抑制, 光提取效率给出极大值. 嵌入式光子晶体的引入将激发覆盖层模式, 当满足100 nm≤ T ≤ 300 nm且100 nm≤ D ≤ 200 nm 时, 覆盖层模式可以从有源层获得较大能量并有效地与顶层光子晶体耦合, 极大地提升了光提取效率. 本文优化结果使得LED光提取效率提升了4倍, 对高性能GaN蓝光LED的设计制造具有重要意义.     

利用介质光子晶体提高红光发光二极管的光通量的研究

本文利用光子晶体的光栅衍射原理, 在发光二极管(light emitting diode, LED)上制作了光子晶体结构以提高出光效率. 在红光LED器件中引入了SiO₂层的介质光子晶体结构, 并进行了相应的理论分析和实验验证. 结果表明: 介质光子晶体结构对于提高红光LED器件的光提取效率有显著效果, 引入介质光子晶体后, 红光LED的光通量比普通LED增加了26%.     

表面为二维光子晶体结构的AlGaInP系发光二极管的研究

近年来,GaN基光子晶体发光二极管(light emitting diode,LED)的研究已经取得了一定的进展,利用光子晶体的光子带隙效应和光栅衍射原理,在LED上制作光子晶体结构将会提高出光效率.本文为了提高AlGaInP系LED的光提取效率,分析了常规LED光提取效率受到限制的原因,将光子晶体结构引入了AlGaInP系LED的器件结构设计,通过理论分析与实验验证,结果显示:光子晶体结构对于提高AlGaInP系LED的光提取效率同样起到了明显的效果,引入光子晶体后,LED的输出光强比常规结构LED平均 关键词： AlGaInP系LED 光子晶体 光提取效率 光强     

无序光子晶体提高GaN基蓝光发光二极管光提取效率的研究

亚波长尺度光子晶体结构可有效提升发光二极管(LED)的光提取效率(LEE),然而在制造过程中会存在缺陷或无序.利用时域有限差分法对理想方形光子晶体结构进行了优化,在此基础上对三种无序光子晶体结构进行了仿真,研究了光子晶体结构参数的无序变化对GaN基蓝光LED LEE的影响.结果表明,光子晶体空气孔位置和半径的无序变化使优化的80 nm光子晶体LED的LEE下降,而可使非优化的60nm光子晶体LED的LEE增加;当光子晶体空气孔位置和半径的无序变化量从0到士20 nm之间变化时,LEE最大会产生53.8％的浮动;光子晶体刻蚀深度的无序变化对LEE影响较小,一般可以忽略,研究结果为高性能蓝光光子晶体LED的设计制作提供了重要的理论参考.     

二维光子晶体提高C波段LED出光效率的研究

片上集成光源是未来光电子系统中光源发展的主要趋势,LED光源作为片上集成光源的主要缺点是其出光效率低,二维光子晶体是提高LED出光效率的有效手段。本工作设计了C波段LED的基本结构及参数,并采用时域有限差分法计算了不同阵列不同占空比的二维光子晶体能带结构,利用禁带理论选取提高C波段LED出光效率的最优二维光子晶体结构参数,结果表明三角排列空气孔二维光子晶体晶格常数a=500 nm且占空比R_p=0.44的光子晶体结构最优。     

纳米压印制备的光子晶体结构对AlGaN基材料深紫外出光效率的提高

通过利用阳极氧化铝的方法制备高度有序的光子晶体结构作为纳米压印模板,将大面积光子晶体图案转移到了样品表面,解决了国际上小尺寸光子晶体制备困难的问题。采用纳米压印的方法在AlGaN基样品表面上制备了290 nm的周期光子晶体结构,并将表面具有光子晶体结构的AlGaN基样品正面出光强度提高121%。偏振特性的实验结果表明六角排列的孔状光子晶体将原来朝向样品侧面传播的TE偏振光偏折转向正面,从而增加光抽取效率,改变出光偏振度。指出远场角分辨图案的变化归因于光子晶体对出光的衍射和Bragg散射效果。实验中采用的创新性工艺可以用来制备具有高出光效率的深紫外发光二极管。     

基于外延层转移的超薄垂直结构深紫外LED

AlGaN基深紫外(Deep ultraviolet,DUV)发光二极管(Light-emitting diode,LED)可用于杀菌、水体净化、光疗、固化、传感和非视距通信等场合,在生物、环境、工业、医疗和军事等领域具有广阔的应用前景。针对现阶段DUV LED外量子效率较低的问题,本文提出了一种超薄垂直结构的DUV LED方案。该方案基于蓝宝石-硅晶圆键合和物理减薄工艺实现了高质量DUV LED外延层从蓝宝石衬底到高导热硅基板的转移,并采用转移后亚微米厚度的超薄外延层制备出垂直结构的AlGaN DUV LED。器件的出光面在减薄工艺后无需特殊的化学处理便可实现纳米级的粗化,配合超薄外延层结构具备显著的失谐微腔效应,有助于破坏高阶波导模式,从而增加TM波的出光并提升器件的出光效率。测试表明,转移后的外延层厚度约为710 nm,制备出的DUV LED发光光谱峰值波长约为271 nm。该垂直结构DUV LED制备方案为实现高效DUV光源提供了可行路径。     

光子晶体几何结构设计对LED出光效率影响的研究

利用禁带理论、等效介质理论分析了增透机理,研究了一种参数设计方法.采用FDTD方法计算了表面覆盖ITO层的六角排列圆形光子晶体出光效率.计算该结构参数的光子晶体的LED出光效率,结果表明加入ITO层的光子晶体能提高GaN基蓝光LED出光效率2倍,该参数设计思路也为光子晶体设计提供了参考依据.     

用于短波段发光二极管的二维光子晶体禁带研究

运用平面波展开法(PWE),针对光子晶体在短波长段发光二极管(LED)领域上的应用,主要选择高频禁带模式,研究了4种具有较大应用潜力的二维光子晶体结构,包括正方空气柱结构、三角空气柱结构、正方介质柱结构和三角介质柱结构。在不同晶格常数、占空比(AFF)、柱半径和晶格常数比下,分析了TE模式和TM模式光子禁带的变化。数据分析表明,光子禁带中心波长随AFF增加而变小。相比于其他结构,正方介质柱结构更适于短波段光子晶体LED来提高其出光效率,三角介质柱结构和三角空气柱结构适合用于构造短波段偏振光LED。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.