Dynamic behavior of cracked rotor subjected to multisine excitation

It is widely known that a developing shaft crack manifests itself in the appearance of nonlinear effects resulting in higher harmonics in a vibration spectrum. However, such symptoms are characteristic not only for developing shaft cracks but also for other malfunctions such as a shaft bow, a coupling misalignment, etc. That is why novel shaft crack detection methods introduce a specially designed diagnostic force applied to the shaft in order to amplify the particular symptoms of the crack. Most often a simple harmonic force is used for such purposes, yet the results may not be reliable.     

A novel ultrasonic clutch using near-field acoustic levitation

This paper investigates design, fabrication and drive of an ultrasonic clutch with two transducers. For the two transducers, one serving as a driving element of the clutch is connected to a driving shaft via a coupling, and the other serving as a slave element of the clutch is connected to a slave shaft via another coupling. The principle of ultrasonic levitation is first expressed. Then, a series-resonant inverter is used to generate AC voltages at input terminals of each transducer, and a speed measuring system with optic sensors is used to find the relationship between rotational speed of the slave shaft and applied voltage of each transducer. Moreover, contact surfaces of the two transducers are coupled by the frictional force when both the two transducers are not energized, and separated using the ultrasonic levitation when at least one of the two transducers is energized at high voltages at resonance.     

A novel ultrasonic clutch using near-field acoustic levitation

This paper investigates design, fabrication and drive of an ultrasonic clutch with two transducers. For the two transducers, one serving as a driving element of the clutch is connected to a driving shaft via a coupling, and the other serving as a slave element of the clutch is connected to a slave shaft via another coupling. The principle of ultrasonic levitation is first expressed. Then, a series-resonant inverter is used to generate AC voltages at input terminals of each transducer, and a speed measuring system with optic sensors is used to find the relationship between rotational speed of the slave shaft and applied voltage of each transducer. Moreover, contact surfaces of the two transducers are coupled by the frictional force when both the two transducers are not energized, and separated using the ultrasonic levitation when at least one of the two transducers is energized at high voltages at resonance.     

Chaotic torsional vibration of imbalanced shaft driven by a limited power supply

In this paper, torsional vibrations of imbalanced shaft driven by a limited power supply are studied. It is shown that mutual interaction of shaft and power supply may in particular result in chaotic self-oscillations that correspond to the strange attractors in the phase space of the coupled dynamical system “shaft–power supply”. In this particular model, strange attractors represent classical Lorenz and Feigenbaum attractors. Rotation characteristic of the power supply and resonance characteristic of the shaft rotational motion in one of the resonance zones are studied. It is shown that at certain intervals, these characteristics may be non-unique, which corresponds to the case of chaotic dynamics. Such non-trivial properties of the coupled system “shaft–power supply” could be used for a better understanding of complex vibrational phenomena in real applied systems such as problems related to the damping of the torsional vibrations.     

Dynamics Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Gear Mechanism with Coupled Small Clearances

Internal gear mechanism is widely used in micro-nano satellites due to its compact structure and high precision transmission. However, the vibration coupling caused by the small clearance coupling is more obvious and cannot be ignored under low speed, light load and zero gravity conditions. Based on the geometric relationship between radial clearance and backlash, a coupled model between dynamic backlash and radial clearance of internal meshing gear is established. Based on the conformal contact theory, the radial collision force model of the gear shaft and shaft sleeve considering the small clearances is established. Additionally, a multi-clearance gear rotor system test device is built to measure the vibration acceleration of the internal gear rotor system by an acceleration sensor and transmitted to the industrial computer through a signal collector for data processing. Through the comparison of simulation and experiment, the accuracy of the gear dynamics model is verified. The analysis results show that, compared with the traditional model, the calculation results of the gear mechanism model considering the small clearance coupling is closer to the experimental data.     

防热环对空气舵舵轴流动及气动加热影响

空气舵缝隙内的舵轴是高速飞行器受热最严酷的部位之一。为减小舵轴的防热压力, 通过在舵轴周围设计防热环, 将舵轴的高热流区转移到防热环, 大幅减小舵轴的气动热载荷, 从而有效实现舵轴承力功能和防热环承热功能的分离。通过数值计算和试验研究分析了舵轴防热环的降热效果与机理, 获得以下结论: 通过有无防热环方案的仿真和试验对比, 表明了增加防热环能够明显降低舵轴热环境; 通过对舵缝隙内外流动的细致分析, 给出了舵轴防热环通过转移高热流区降低舵轴热流的降热机理; 通过不同舵偏和不同流态有无防热环方案数值计算的对比表明了防热环对舵轴热流的降低作用具有广泛适用性。      

Gauge theory on a random lattice

A general formulation of gauge theory on a random lattice is developed and the strong coupling limit of the Wilson string tension worked out. The confining force found in this strong coupling limit is identical to that predicted by the relativistic string model. In particular, the force between two color-triplet charges is a constant for large separation and the tube of electric flux joining the charges fluctuates, giving it a net thickness proportional to the logarithm of its length.     

Dynamics of a supercritical composite shaft mounted on viscoelastic supports

The damping in a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminate is greater than that which occurs in most metallic materials. In the supercritical regime, the damping can trigger unstable whirl oscillations, which can have catastrophic effects. The vibrations occurring in a supercritical composite drive shaft are investigated here in order to predict instabilities of this kind. A simply supported carbon/epoxy composite tube mounted on viscoelastic supports is studied, using an approximation of the Rayleigh–Timoshenko equation. The damping process is assumed to be hysteretic. The composite behavior is described in terms of modulus and loss factor, taking homogenized values. The critical speeds are obtained in several analytical forms in order to determine the effects of factors such as the rotatory inertia, the gyroscopic forces, the transverse shear and the supports stiffness. Assuming that the hysteretic damping can be expressed in terms of the equivalent viscous model, the threshold speed is obtained in the form of an analytical criterion. The influence of the various factors involved is quantified at the first critical speed of a subcritical composite shaft previously described in the literature. The influence of the coupling mechanisms on the unsymmetrical composite laminate and the end fittings is also investigated using a finite element model. None of these parameters were found to have a decisive influence in this case. Those having the greatest effects were the transverse shear and the supports stiffness. The effects of the composite stacking sequence, the shaft length and the supports stiffness on the threshold speed were then investigated. In particular, drive shafts consisting only of ±45° or ±30° plies can be said to be generally unstable in the supercritical regime due to their very high loss factors.     

冷却塔风机传动轴断裂监控系统设计

为解决冷却塔风机传动轴运行过程中断裂甩出的问题,在分析传动轴断裂现象及原因的前提下,提出了在联轴器上安装扇形片,以槽型光电开关为信号采集元件,以可编程控制器为信号处理元件的传动轴断裂监控新方法。利用槽式光电开关反应速度快,不受环境光影响的特点,提高监测的精准性;利用交错的扇形片相互旋转时夹角缝隙对旋转角度的放大作用,将联轴器细微错位放大,提高系统监控的灵敏性。监测系统实现了对传动轴断裂的预先判断,程序控制风机停机报警,保护传动轴及相关设施。     

Computational analysis for dynamic response of a rotating shaft on flexible support structure with clearances

A finite element-based formulation for modelling the dynamic behavior of a rotating flexible shaft supported by a flexible support structure is presented. The coupling effect between the rigid-body rotation and the flexible deformation of the shaft is considered and represented by non-linear coupling terms in the mass matrix and forcing vectors in the global system of equations. The rigid-body rotation is treated as one of the degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) of the entire system. The interaction between the rotating shaft and the flexible support is modelled by either linear or non-linear springs distributed around the circumference of the shaft. The coupling between the flexibility of the shaft and the flexibility of the support structure are considered. The flexible d.o.f. of both the shaft and the support structure are represented as a set of retained and internal d.o.f. of a Craig-Bampton formulation. An additional transformation is performed when the rigid-body d.o.f. is coupled with the internal and the retained d.o.f. in a Craig-Bampton basis. The equations of motion are solved in the time domain using a modified Newmark method for time integration, in which the Newton-Raphson method is used for handling the non-linear behavior within each time step. Analyses are performed to validate the new development for different combinations of load condition, spring type, and rigid-body rotation.     

Coupled horizontal and vertical bending vibrations of a stationary shaft with two cracks

This paper investigates the coupled bending vibrations of a stationary shaft with two cracks. It is known from the literature that, when a crack exists in a shaft, the bending, torsional, and longitudinal vibrations are coupled. This study focuses on the horizontal and vertical planes of a cracked shaft, whose bending vibrations are caused by a vertical excitation, in the clamped end of the model. When the crack orientations are not symmetrical to the vertical plane, a response in the horizontal plane is observed due to the presence of the cracks. The crack orientation is defined by the rotational angle of the crack, a parameter which affects the horizontal response. When more cracks appear in a shaft, then the coupling becomes stronger or weaker depending on the relative crack orientations. It is shown that a double peak appears in the vibration spectrum of a cracked or multi-cracked shaft.Modeling the crack in the traditional manner, as a spring, yields analytical results for the horizontal response as a function of the rotational angle and the depths of the two cracks. A 2×2 compliance matrix, containing two non-diagonal terms (those responsible for the coupling) serves to model the crack. Using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, the equations for the natural frequencies and the coupled response of the shaft are defined. The experimental coupled response and eigenfrequency measurements for the corresponding planes are presented. The double peak was also experimentally observed.     

Mass of a lattice polaron from an extended Holstein model using the Yukawa potential

Renormalization of the mass of an electron is studied within the framework of the Extended Holstein model at strong coupling regime and nonadiabatic limit. In order to take into account an effect of screening of an electron-phonon interaction on a polaron it is assumed that the electron-phonon interaction potential has the Yukawa form and screening of the electron-phonon interaction is due to the presence of other electrons in a lattice. The forces are derived from the Yukawa type electron-phonon interaction potential. It is emphasized that the early considered screened force of (Kornilovitch (1998), Spencer et al. (2005), Hague et al. (2006), Hague and Kornilovitch (2009)) Refs. [7], [18], [19] and [22] is a particular case of the force deduced from the Yukawa potential and is approximately valid at large screening radiuses compared to the distances under consideration. The Extended Holstein polaron with the Yukawa type potential is found to be a more mobile than polaron studied in early works at the same screening regime.     

船舶辐射噪声解调谱相位耦合特性与应用

研究了船舶辐射噪声解调谱谐波线谱的相位特性,通过对实际船舶辐射噪声数据分析,指出船舶辐射噪声解调谱线谱中轴频线谱相位和部分谐波线谱相位之和,与叶频线谱相位的差值为零或为一常数,即存在相位耦合关系。给出了频率具有耦合关系、相位差为非零常数谐波信号的高阶累量,并对这种谐波信号的高阶谱进行了仿真计算。研究了船舶辐射噪声解调谱线谱相位耦合特性的利用方法,通过对部分典型弱调制噪声信号高阶谱分析,指出利用相位耦合关系可以提高弱解调谱船舶目标的螺旋桨参数特征提取能力。      

非惯性系下考虑剪切变形的柔性梁的动力学建模

研究非惯性坐标系下考虑剪切变形的柔性梁的动力学建模. 首先借鉴Euler-Bernoulli梁的几何非线性变形模式,考虑了Timoshenko梁弯曲以及剪切变形产生的几何非线性效应对纵向、横向变形位移的影响,在考虑两个方向的变形耦合项后,利用有限元法对柔性梁进行了离散,采用Lagrange方程建立了柔性梁的动力学模型,首次建立了包含变形二次耦合量的Timoshenko梁的动力学方程. 关键词： 非惯性坐标系 剪切变形 柔性梁 动力学建模     

Global properties in an experimental realization of time-delayed feedback control with an unstable control loop

We demonstrate by electronic circuit experiments the feasibility of an unstable control loop to stabilize torsion-free orbits by time-delayed feedback control. Corresponding analytical normal form calculations and numerical simulations reveal a severe dependence of the basin of attraction on the particular coupling scheme of the control force. Such theoretical predictions are confirmed by the experiments and emphasize the importance of the coupling scheme for the global control performance.     

Analytical estimation of the noise due to a rotating shaft

This article focuses on noise prediction of a rotating shaft. The governing equations of motion for a Rayleigh beam, rotating about its longitudinal axis and subjected to a harmonic force, are first established using the Hamilton’s principle and Galerkin’s method. Then, the vibrating displacement of the shaft is solved for. The aeroacoustic theory, introduced by Lighthill and improved by Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings, is used for calculating the developed noise of the shaft in motion. The dominant effect to the noise is the surface pressure on the moving shaft. Parametric studies also presented. From the numerical data, the noise value, from a rotating shaft, corresponding to the higher significant resonance is greater than that related to the first resonant mode. This phenomenon has not been found in the frequency response of the shaft’s displacement.     

External and internal coupling effects of rotor's bending and torsional vibrations under unbalances

External and internal bending–torsion coupling effects of a rotor system with comprehensive unbalances are studied by analytical analysis and numerical simulations. Based on Lagrangian approach, a full-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of a Jeffcott rotor is developed. The harmonic balance method and the Floquet theory are combined to analyze the stability of the system equations. Numerical simulations are conducted to observe the bending–torsion coupling effects. In the formulation of rotordynamic model, two bending–torsion coupling patterns, external coupling and internal coupling, are suggested. By analytical analysis, it is concluded that the periodic solution of the system is asymptotically stable. From numerical simulations, three bending–torsion coupling effects are observed in three cases. Under static unbalance, synchronous torsional response is observed, which is the result of external coupling under unbalanced force. Under dynamic unbalance, two-time synchronous frequency torsional response is observed, which is the result of internal coupling under unbalanced moment. Under comprehensive unbalance, synchronous and two-time synchronous frequency torsional components are observed, which are the results of both external and internal couplings under unbalanced force and moment. These observations agree with the analytical analysis. It is believed that these observed phenomena should make sense in the dynamical design and fault diagnostics of a rotor system.     

克尔介质中"耦合双原子-场"模型的光场压缩效应

利用全量子理论，研究克尔介质中耦合二能级双原子与场相互作用的压缩效应，着重讨论了克尔介质对光场压缩效应的影响，并揭示了初始场强及原子间耦合系数的变化与光场压缩效应的关系。     

Bursting neurons with coupling delays

A pair of Hindmarsh–Rose neurons with delayed coupling is studied. Bifurcations due to time-lag and coupling and stability of the stationary state that corresponds to the quiescence behavior are analyzed. Bursting is created by coupling and its properties strongly depend on the time-lag. In particular, there is a domain of values of time-lags which renders the bursting of the two neurons exactly synchronous.     

耳蜗中tip-link张力与静纤毛运动动力学研究

诠释耳蜗的主动感音放大机制一直是未解的医学难题.这种机制与耳蜗中外毛细胞顶端的静纤毛运动密切相关,静纤毛运动又受到tip-link张力与淋巴液流体力的调节.因此,研究静纤毛运动过程中tip-link张力是诠释耳蜗的主动感音放大机制的重要环节.本文把静纤毛视为变形体,基于泊肃叶流动理论并结合分布参数模型,推导了静纤毛运动的解析解.研究了盖膜剪切荷载作用下静纤毛和淋巴液相互作用的动力响应以及tip-link张力的变化规律.研究发现:当静纤毛的杨氏模量减小时,在小于峰值频率的区域,tip-link张力显著增大,f₂的峰值频率减小.以往的研究将静纤毛作为刚体,势必导致低频声音信号作用减弱.当系数c=0 (无黏性阻力)时,f₂频率选择特性存在;当μ=0(无压力)时,f₂频率选择特性消失,因此淋巴液可能是通过在静纤毛间产生压强的方式来调节毛束的频率特性的.另外,盖膜剪切荷载频率越高,静纤毛轴弯曲越明显,发束内外域的压强差也越大.