考虑几何缺陷的非均匀加筋圆柱壳结构优化设计

为了提高加筋圆柱壳结构的承载能力,提出了一种新型的非均匀加筋圆柱壳结构设计方案,其中加筋圆柱壳筋条体系采用非均匀布置的方式。本文基于非线性显式动力学方法对非均匀加筋圆柱壳进行了稳定性分析,得到了壳体完善结构和缺陷结构的承载能力。研究结果表明:在不改变结构质量的情况下,非均匀加筋圆柱壳结构以降低壳体两端刚度和增强壳体中部刚度的方式来避免壳体结构中部率先发生屈曲失稳,从而提高了薄壁结构的承载能力。此外,非均匀加筋圆柱壳结构在抵抗几何缺陷方面表现出更为优异的力学性能,具有更低的缺陷敏感性。基于此,本文构造了低缺陷敏感性的非均匀加筋圆柱壳优化模型,并应用算例证明了该优化模型的实用性以及该结构在工程中的适用性。     

激光辐照下圆柱壳结构的稳定性分析

针对航天工程中常用的承受轴压作用的薄壁圆柱壳,分别采用解析方法与特征值屈曲有限元方法分析了圆柱壳结构在均匀轴压作用下的稳定性能,得到了屈曲承载力.并进行了对比,验证了有限元模型的合理性.采用线性屈曲特征值有限元方法分析了强激光辐照作用下圆柱壳的稳定性能,分析表明激光辐照导致壳体局部温度上升并由此带来材料参数的改变,是因为激光辐照在壳体中引起了热应力与热应变,使轴压圆柱壳的屈曲承载力明显降低.论文还着重对加筋圆柱壳结构的稳定性进行了研究,数值分析结果表明,加筋能有效提高圆柱壳结构的抗压承载力,激光辐照作用下,加筋对轴压作用下圆柱壳的屈曲承载力的提高作用更为明显.     

圆柱壳稳定性问题的研究进展

圆柱壳是工程实际中广泛应用的结构,其主要破坏形式是屈曲失稳．作为力学领域的经典问题,圆柱壳稳定性问题的研究非常之多．其中,受均匀轴向压力的圆柱壳由于临界屈曲载荷的理论预测值与早期试验结果之间的巨大差异,更是推动了壳体稳定性理论的不断发展．本文简要回顾了壳体稳定性理论的发展和分类,并对轴压圆柱壳体试验结果分散且远低于理论预测值的原因及含缺陷圆柱壳体的稳定性研究方法进行了总结,然后综述了地下空间顶管、储油罐、加筋圆柱壳及脱层圆柱壳等实际工程中广泛应用的圆柱壳结构稳定性研究的现状和趋势,最后展望了将来对工程应用中圆柱壳结构的稳定性研究的难点和方向．     

格栅结构力学性能研究进展

格栅复合材料是一种新型轻质高强材料. 综述了格栅复合材料的周期构型特征和格栅结构的制备工艺. 归纳了二维周期格栅材料的等效刚度矩阵计算方法, 比较了不同构型格栅的基本力学性能, 介绍了胞元材料的微极弹性理论和格栅的强度与屈服面计算方法. 探讨了格栅的缺陷及其力学响应, 包括格栅的尺度效应、夹杂缺陷以及裂纹扩展特征, 介绍了波在格栅材料中传播机理的最新研究成果. 根据格栅材料在工程中的应用形式, 分类介绍了格栅板壳结构、格栅加筋板壳结构和格栅夹层结构的结构特点和破坏方式、设计优化准则和实验研究成果. 还归纳了作者所在研究小组近期在碳纤维格栅复合材料的制备、实验研究和理论分析等方面的最新工作进展.      

变厚度圆柱壳的强度优化设计

对在任意轴对称分布荷载作用下体积保持常数的变厚度圆柱壳的强度优化设计问题进行了研究。当中面形状固定时 ,采用阶梯折算法 ,用传递矩阵导出了变厚度圆柱壳的初参数解的显式表达式。根据Huber-Mises-Hencky强度准则 ,将变厚度圆柱壳的强度优化转化为极小化当量应力的非线性规划问题 ,并采用投影梯度法建立了问题的优化方法。文中对几个典型问题进行了计算。与等厚度圆柱壳相比较 ,优化圆柱壳的最大当量应力得到了显著降低。本文的研究方法和结果可以用于指导大型圆柱壳体的加肋设计     

带频率约束的浸水圆柱壳结构优化设计

与干结构相比，流固耦合系统属于非经典问题，其动态设计要复杂得多。本文基于流固耦合分析，主要探讨了浸水圆柱壳在频率，重量等约束条件下的优化设计问题。针对圆柱壳的结构特点，对壳体，流场分别采用有限条，边界元法进行分析以减小计算量。充分利用系统的灵敏数度信息，采用多目标优化方法对浸水圆柱壳进行了优化设计。通过具体算例证明了本文方法的可行性。     

内部声激励下加筋圆柱壳的声辐射特性分析

从Flügge薄壳理论和Helmholtz波动方程出发,根据模态叠加原理推导了有限长加筋圆柱壳受机械力和内部声源简谐激励下的"内部声腔-加筋柱壳-外部声场"耦合方程.比较了点力和点声源作用时圆柱壳的声辐射特性以及传递损失.结果表明:在讨论的频率范围内,点声源对内场均方声压起主要作用;点声源作用下外场辐射声压分布较均匀,其传递损失较点力作用下的大,但壳体的外场声辐射效率较点声源作用下的高.分析结果对圆柱壳体结构的声学设计具有一定的参考价值.     

变角度纤维复合材料圆柱壳的轴压屈曲

变角度纤维复合材料的纤维方向角可沿铺层面内连续变化,因此相应结构的性能具有更高的设计灵活性和更大的优化空间．本文假设纤维方向角沿圆柱壳的轴向呈正弦函数变化,对变角度纤维复合材料圆柱壳在两端简支边界条件下的轴压屈曲问题进行研究．基于Donnell经典壳体理论,推导变角度纤维复合材料圆柱壳的前屈曲控制方程并运用伽辽金法进行求解,然后采用瑞利里兹法求解屈曲问题．通过和现有文献及有限元数值结果的对比,验证了本文模型的收敛性和正确性,通过数值算例分析了纤维起始角和终止角的变化对圆柱壳的屈曲临界荷载的影响．本文的研究结果可为变角度纤维复合材料圆柱壳的分析和设计提供一定的参考．     

薄壁加筋肋圆柱壳稳定性分析的参数化研究

针对在轴向载荷作用下的正置、正交网格形式的薄壁加筋肋圆柱壳结构，利用有限元程序，对薄壁加筋肋圆柱壳稳定性分析进行了参数化研究，得到了进行结构优化设计的准则，对于给定的设计载荷，当结构参数位于某一个局部失稳与整体失稳的临界区域时，结构的重量最轻。提出了基于有限元分析进行结构优化设计的策略，利用优化策略，获得了一薄壁加筋肋圆柱壳结构的优化设计结果，同时给出了粘合刚度简化模型与有限元计算结果的比较。     

复合材料的多层、夹层和加筋圆柱曲板的稳定和振动

本文在文献〔1,2〕的基础上,考虑了沿壳体厚度方向的剪切变形,探讨周边简支的纤维增强复合材料的正交各向异性的多层、夹层和加筋矩形圆柱曲板(与圆柱壳),在轴压、侧压和剪切(扭矩)作用下的临界载荷和横向振动固有频率的计算问题。在编成计算程序后,用一些算例将用文献〔1〕中的扁壳方程(Donnell壳体理论) 和文献〔3〕中的非扁壳方程(Love的壳体一阶近似理论) 算得的结果作了比较;将轴压下轴对称失稳和非轴对称失稳的临界载荷作了比较;将在轴压和侧压作用下失稳时外加筋曲板和内加筋曲板的临界载荷作了比较;将有薄膜力N_x~0和N_y~0同时和分别作用时与没有薄膜力作用时的横向振动固有频率作了比较;将按壳体的剪切变形理论和经典理论算得的临界载荷作了比较;将铺层情况对临界载荷的影响作了比较。     

Optimum design of laminated composite foam-filled sandwich plates subjected to strength constraint

Optimum design of laminated composite sandwich plates with both continuous (core thickness) and discrete (layer group fiber angles and thicknesses) design variables subjected to strength constraint is studied via a two-level optimization technique. The strength of a sandwich plate is determined in a failure analysis using the Tsai–Wu failure criterion and the finite element method which is formulated on the basis of the layerwise linear displacement theory. In the first level optimization of the design process, the discrete design variables are temporarily treated as continuous variables and the corresponding minimum weight of the sandwich plate is evaluated subject to the strength constraint using a constrained multi-start global optimization method. In the second level optimization, the optimal solution obtained in the first level optimization is used in the branch and bound method for solving a discrete optimization problem to determine the optimal design parameters and the final weight of the plate. Failure test of laminated composite foam-filled sandwich plates with different lamination arrangements are performed to validate the proposed optimal design method. A number of examples of the design of laminated composite foam-filled sandwich plates are given to demonstrate the feasibility and applications of the proposed method.     

基于响应面法的五心底结构形状优化

三心底结构是国防、航空及航天等领域经常采用的结构,其旋转母线是由三段弧线组成的,对应着三个圆心,故得名三心底。三心底结构可调整的参数变量少,优化潜力小。根据三心底的形状推广出五心底结构,增加可调整的参数变量,然后对其进行优化。将响应面方法与模型参数化相结合,建立了以结构重量为目标及以结构强度为约束的形状优化模型。根据结...     

卫星用复合材料压力容器力学特性研究

为了研究航天复合材料压力容器内衬与复合材料双层壳体的力学特性,通过优化复合材料网格理论算法,针对钛合金内衬(TC4)/碳纤维(T1000GB)缠绕柱形复合材料压力容器进行了应力应变特性分析.以纤维预紧应力为自变量,研究其对内衬/纤维双层壳体在预紧压力、工作压力、验证压力和爆破压力下应力的影响,提出了优化设计的解析解法,指出内衬与复合层力学特性对容器性能的影响机理,为结构设计和同类产品设计提供了计算方法和理论指导.     

RELIABILITY-BASED DESIGN OF COMPOSITES UNDER THE MIXED UNCERTAINTIES AND THE OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM

This paper proposed a reliability design model for composite materials under the mixture of random and interval variables. Together with the inverse reliability analysis technique, the sequential single-loop optimization method is applied to the reliability-based design of composites. In the sequential single-loop optimization, the optimization and the reliability analysis are decoupled to improve the computational efficiency. As shown in examples, the minimum weight problems under the constraint of structural reliability are solved for laminated composites. The Particle Swarm Optimization （PSO） algorithm is utilized to search for the optimal solutions. The design results indicate that, under the mixture of random and interval variables, the method that combines the sequential single-loop optimization and the PSO algorithm can deal effectively with the reliability-based design of composites.     

Multicriteria optimization of laminated composite material structures

The search for the optimum design of a given structure is a basic aspect of structural analysis. In recent years there has been a renewed interest in structural optimization, particularly in the field of composite material structures. The aim is often to obtain the best solution that is able to respect both the technical and the economic requirements. In this paper, the optimization process is pursued as the determination of the Pareto-optimal curves for composite material structures. The problem has been tackled by means of an analytical optimization methodology (trade-off method) appropriately transformed into a design procedure. A sensitivity analysis is also performed, in order to try out the measure in which the optimal solutions are affected by the variation of the design variables. Two examples are presented, concerning a hemispherical shell and a cylindrical shell.

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Sommario Molti problemi della ricerca dell'ottimo progettuale presentano la difficoltà di coinvolgere nella soluzione più obiettivi da considerare simultaneamente. Il problema risulta piuttosto complesso (in particolare nel caso di strutture in materiale composito) quando gli obiettivi, spesso contrastanti, hanno natura diversa e quindi risultano non facilmente combinabili fra loro. Tale problema si pone spesso quando si vuole da un lato aumentare l'affidabilità strutturale e dall'altro diminuire i costi della struttura. Nel presente articolo, vengono affrontati alcuni aspetti dell'ottimizzazione di strutture in materiale composito: a tale scopo viene presentata una procedura di ottimizzazione per problemi multi-obiettivo che, avvalendosi del Trade-off method, è in grado di determinare la curva degli ottimi di Pareto. Successivamente viene effettuata un analisi di sensitività allo scopo di valutare la sensibilità delle soluzioni ottimali nei confronti della aleatorietà delle variabili di progetto. Vengono presentati in tal senso due esempi relativi a strutture in materiale composito.

     

APPLICATION OF SURROGATE BASED PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TO THE RELIABILITY-BASED ROBUST DESIGN OF COMPOSITE PRESSURE VESSELS

A surrogate based particle swarm optimization （SBPSO） algorithm which combines the surrogate modeling technique and particle swarm optimization is applied to the reliability- based robust design （RBRD） of composite pressure vessels. The algorithm and efficiency of SBPSO are displayed through numerical examples. A model for filament-wound composite pressure vessels with metallic liner is then studied by netting analysis and its responses are analyzed by using Finite element method （performed by software ANSYS）. An optimization problem for maximizing the performance factor is formulated by choosing the winding orientation of the helical plies in the cylindrical portion, the thickness of metal liner and the drop off region size as the design variables. Strength constraints for composite layers and the metal liner are constructed by using Tsai-Wu failure criterion and Mises failure criterion respectively. Numerical examples show that the method proposed can effectively solve the RBRD problem, and the optimal results of the proposed model can satisfy certain reliability requirement and have the robustness to the fluctuation of design variables.     

Thermal-economic multi-objective optimization of shell and tube heat exchanger using particle swarm optimization (PSO)

Many studies are performed by researchers about shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) but the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique has never been used in such studies. This paper presents application of thermal-economic multi-objective optimization of STHE using PSO. For optimal design of a STHE, it was first thermally modeled using e-number of transfer units method while Bell–Delaware procedure was applied to estimate its shell side heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. Multi objective PSO (MOPSO) method was applied to obtain the maximum effectiveness (heat recovery) and the minimum total cost as two objective functions. The results of optimal designs were a set of multiple optimum solutions, called ‘Pareto optimal solutions’. In order to show the accuracy of the algorithm, a comparison is made with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and MOPSO which are developed for the same problem.     

Enhancing the optimization of material distributions in composite structures using gradient architectures

Many structural components encounter service conditions and hence, material performance requirements, which vary from location to location within the component resulting in a composite structure. It has been shown that abrupt transitions in material properties within a composite structure can cause concentrations of deformation, which are mitigated by gradually varying the microstructure and/or composition of materials in a gradient architecture. Structural optimization techniques, such as the homogenization method, have yet to take full advantage of gradient architectures. Many of these structural optimization techniques employ robust mathematical techniques, such as genetic algorithms (GAs), with finite element simulations to optimize material distributions in composite structures through computationally intensive stochastic, global explorations of the design search space defined by a multitude of design variables associated with the discrete representation of the composite structure. Using gradient architectures, it is demonstrated that GAs can be enhanced for composite structures by constraining the design search space through a reduction in the number of design variables, thereby substantially reducing the computational effort. For more complex material distributions, a “material gradient optimization method” is proposed that produces multiple gradient architecture constraints with more optimal solutions than obtained without using these constraints, but whose uniqueness will be dependent upon the number of layers used in the finite element simulations.     

Plate/shell topological optimization subjected to linear buckling constraints by adopting composite exponential filtering function

In this paper, a model of topology optimization with linear buckling constraints is established based on an independent and continuous mapping method to minimize the plate/shell structure weight. A composite exponential function (CEF) is selected as filtering functions for element weight, the element stiffness matrix and the element geomet-ric stiffness matrix, which recognize the design variables, and to implement the changing process of design variables from“discrete”to“continuous”and back to“discrete”. The buck-ling constraints are approximated as explicit formulations based on the Taylor expansion and the filtering function. The optimization model is transformed to dual programming and solved by the dual sequence quadratic programming algo-rithm. Finally, three numerical examples with power function and CEF as filter function are analyzed and discussed to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.     

Some problems of optimizing shell shape and thickness distribution on the basis of a genetic algorithm

We consider problems related to designing axisymmetric shells of minimal weight (mass) and the development of efficient nonlocal optimization methods. The optimization problems under study consist in simultaneous search for the optimal geometry and the shell thickness optimal distribution from the minimal weight condition under strength constraints and additional geometric constraints imposed on the thickness function, the transverse cross-section radii distribution, and the volume enclosed by the shell. Using the method of penalty functions, we reduce the above optimal design problem to a nonconvex minimization problem for the extended Lagrange functional. To find the global optimum, we apply an efficient genetic algorithm. We present the results of numerical solution of the optimal design problem for dome-like shells of revolution under the action of gravity forces. We present some data characterizing the convergence of the method developed here.