木麻黄质膜离子泵在酸雨条件下对镧的响应

研究镧对酸雨(pH为4.5)胁迫下木麻黄幼苗早期生长和质膜离子泵ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明:较低浓度La3+浸种能使幼苗株高、根长、鲜重以及质膜质子泵活性明显增强,在200mg·L-1La3+处理时达到最高增强值,而高浓度的La3+浸种使之表现出抑制效应;幼苗质膜钙泵的活性受La3+抑制。质子泵活性与细胞的伸长生长呈显著正相关关系,镧对质子泵的活化作用有助于促进植物的生长,且适量的镧具有缓解酸雨胁迫下生长的植物细胞质酸化,维持细胞内环境稳定的间接作用。为抗酸雨和促生长,木麻黄经镧浸种8h的最适宜La3+浓度为50～200mg·L-1。     

LaCl3对辣椒种子酸雨胁迫的缓解效应及其评价

采用两种评价系统分析了镧对酸雨胁迫下辣椒种子萌发的影响.结果表明,经10 mg·L-1的LaCl3浸种,可显著缓解酸雨(pH 3.5,3.0,2.5和2.0)对辣椒种子的伤害,以活力指数的增幅为标准,缓解能力依次为14.48%,19.24%,15.14%和13.48%;以指标值的增量为标准,只有pH 3.5和3.0时显...     

镧对UV-C胁迫下番茄幼苗的防护作用

在温室中研究了La3+对UV-C辐射胁迫下番茄幼苗保护酶活性及光合色素的影响.结果表明:UV-C胁迫降低了番茄幼苗SOD和POD活性,增加了膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量.La3+对UV-C胁迫下番茄幼苗SOD和POD有显著的调控作用.与单一UV-C胁迫组相比,番茄幼苗SOD活性平均增加了38.03%,POD活性平均增加了20.43%,番茄幼苗MDA含量平均降低18.63%,表明La3+有效防止了番茄幼苗细胞膜脂过氧化作用,一定程度上缓解了番茄幼苗膜系统的伤害.La3+能够显著缓解UV-C辐射胁迫对光合色素的降解作用.与单一UV-C胁迫组相比,番茄幼苗叶绿素a平均提高了17.65%.叶绿素b平均提高了17.11%,类胡萝卜素含量维持较高水平.综合比较各项指标,30 mg·L-1LaCl3在UV-C辐射胁迫下对番茄幼苗的防护效果好于60 mg·L-1LaCl3.     

镧胁迫对蚯蚓几种重要酶活性的影响

采用自然土壤染毒法,研究了镧胁迫对蚯蚓体内蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及MDA含量、纤维素酶活性的影响。结果表明,镧胁迫对蚯蚓的几种重要酶活性均产生一定的影响。随着暴露时间的增加,蛋白含量、SOD和POD活性呈现出"低促-高抑"的Hormesis现象,CAT活性波动变化,MDA含量不断增加。纤维素酶活性在低浓度镧胁迫下先下降后上升,高浓度胁迫下纤维素酶活性不断增加。     

铈对酸雨胁迫下大麦种子萌发的影响

研究了铈对酸雨胁迫大麦种子萌发的影响,随着雨ｐＨ值的增加,大麦发芽势,发芽率、幼苗地下与地上部干重及叶绿素含量递减,根系质膜透性递增;酸雨对铈浸种的大麦种子的胁迫作用减轻,表明有缓解酸雨胁迫种子萌发的作用。     

汞胁迫下La(NO3)3对小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过营养液培养实验，研究了小麦幼苗在遭受汞胁迫后，镧对地上部及根系的生长和抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化物产物MDA含量的影响。试验表明：小麦幼苗遭受汞胁迫的初期，镧对提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性的降低的含量有一定的正效应；但随胁迫程度的加重和胁迫时间的延长，镧与汞发生协同作用，不仅不能缓解汞对小麦幼苗的毒害，而且更加剧了汞对小麦幼苗的毒害。     

镧对水培菜豆和玉米幼苗镉胁迫的缓解作用

以菜豆(Phaseolusvulgaris)、玉米(Zeamays)两种生活型植物幼苗为实验材料,以水培方法研究了镧对镉抑制两种作物生长与代谢的影响。结果表明,在30,300μmol·L-1镉剂量胁迫下,两种作物的生长受到严重抑制,主要表现为株高、主根长下降,叶面积锐减,叶、茎、根的鲜重、干重明显下降;生理生化特性的变化是叶绿素含量下降,质膜透性、MDA含量、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性均增加,且随镉处理时间的延长,伤害加重。叶面喷施10～20mg·L-1镧1次,对镉污染下的两种作物幼苗的生长与代谢有一定缓解效应,可减轻镉对幼苗的伤害程度。这与镧能提高两种作物植物叶绿素含量,降低细胞膜透性和MDA含量,维持过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性等多重作用相关。     

镨对镉毒害下小麦种子萌发的缓解效应

重金属镉作为毒性较高的环境毒物,不仅危害植物的生长和发育,也对人类健康带来严重威胁。以小麦为试验对象,在200μmol.L-1镉胁迫下,研究了镨对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响,研究结果表明,200μmol.L-1镉胁迫下,小麦种子萌发过程中根生长、根尖细胞有丝分裂指数、α-淀粉酶、APX及CAT的活性明显受到抑制,而MDA含量明显增加。20~80 mg.L-1镨浸种24 h,对200μmo.lL-1镉胁迫下小麦种子的萌发及根、芽的生长具有一定缓解作用,且以40 mg.L-1镨的效果最好,在该浓度下,根长、根鲜重、发芽指数及活力指数明显提高;同时,可提高根尖有丝分裂指数,增强α-淀粉酶活性,提高抗氧化能力,使MDA含量显著降低。然而,100~150 mg.L-1的镨浸种后,种子活力及幼苗生长下降,根尖细胞分裂指数、α-淀粉酶活性降低,MDA含量增加。     

外源钕减轻了重金属镉对菹草的毒害作用

研究了不同浓度钕对菹草镉胁迫的缓解效应.结果表明,单一镉(10 mg·L-1)处理降低了菹草叶片抗氧化酶系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量下降.用不同浓度钕处理后,明显减轻了这些症状,抗氧化酶活性均有所提高,与毒害对照相比,SOD、CAT及POD活性分别提高了14.0%～30.0%,8.8%～47.3%,4.6%～15.1%,并减轻了叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的降解,减缓了MDA的积累.随着钕浓度的进一步加大,缓解效应逐渐减弱,钕作用的最适浓度为10～15mg·L-1.     

镧对美洲商陆毛状根生长、皂苷产生及抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用不同浓度镧来固体培养美洲商陆毛状根,并采用分光光度法来测定毛状根的商陆皂苷含量、抗氧化酶SOD和POD活性及苯丙氨酸裂解酶(PAL)酶活性,以探讨镧对美洲商陆毛状根生长及其次生代谢影响的生理机制。结果表明,镧浓度低于10.0 mg·L~(-1)可促进毛状根的生长,其中以5.0 mg·L~(-1)镧处理的毛状根生物量最大,而高于20.0 mg·L~(-1)镧则抑制毛状根生长,但其皂苷含量最高;与对照相比,低于10.0 mg·L~(-1)镧可提高毛状根SOD活性,其中以1.0 mg·L~(-1)镧的SOD活性最高;而镧浓度为0.5 mg·L~(-1)时,毛状根的POD活性最高,大于0.5 mg·L~(-1)时,POD活性随着镧浓度的升高而降低;而毛状根PAL活性及其皂苷含量则随着镧浓度增大而逐渐提高。表明镧可能通过提高毛状根的抗氧化酶和PAL活性而影响其生长和皂苷的合成。     

Effects of Vitamin E on the Activities of Protective Enzymes and Membrane Lipid Peroxidation in Leymus Chinensis under Drought Stress

Leymus chinensis seedlings were treated with 0.05--10 mmol/L vitamin E under osmotic stress in the presence of polyethylene glycol（PEG） as the stress reagent. The effects of the different concentrations of exogenous vitamin E on the activities of SOD, POD and free proline, and the MDA contents under drought stress were examined so as to ascertain the mechanism of Leymus chinensis resistance to drought stress and explore the possible preventive measures. The results indicate that the activities of SOD and POD decreased but the free proline and MDA contents increased as drought stress was accentuated, showing an enhancement of oxidative stress that may cause a decline in membrane stabilization. However, the activities of SOD and POD and the free proline content increased, whereas the MDA content reduced in Leymus chinensis pretreated with vitamin E in comparison with that of the control. This indicates that exogenous vitamin E enhanced the antioxidation of Leymus chinensis seedlings. It suggests that cytomembrane can be protected from damage by increasing the free proline content and the activities of SOD and POD that result in enhancing the drought resistance of Leymus chinensis seedlings.     

Effects of CO2 laser pretreatment on drought stress resistance in wheat

In order to determine the role of laser in drought stress resistance of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), seed embryos were exposed to CO2 laser radiation for 0min, 1min, 3min and 5min, respectively, and when the seedlings were 12 days old they were treated with 10% (w/v) PEG6000 solution for 10 days. Changes in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione (GSH), ascorbate (AsA), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), carotenoid, zeaxanthin, the production rate of superoxide radical (O2(-)), the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the growth parameters of seedlings (plant height, leaf area and dry weight) were measured to test the effects of laser pretreatment. The results showed that suitable laser pretreatment of embryos enhanced drought stress resistance in wheat seedlings by decreasing the concentration of MDA and H2O2, GSSG, the production rate of O2(-), leaf area and increasing the activities of APX, GST, GP and POD and AsA, carotenoid and zeaxanthin concentration. It is suggested that those changes in MDA, O2(-) H2O2, anti-oxidative enzymes and anti-oxidative compounds were responsible for the increase in drought stress resistance observed in the experiments. The results also showed that the laser had a long-term positive physiological effect on the growth of drought stress seedlings. This is the first investigation reporting the use of CO2 laser pretreatment to enhance drought stress resistance of spring wheat.     

硝普钠对镧胁迫下黑麦草幼苗叶片碳氮代谢和抗氧化系统的影响

为了探讨一氧化氮(NO)对镧胁迫下牧草生理响应的调节作用,采用水培方法,研究了NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对300μmol.L-1LaCl3胁迫下黑麦草幼苗生长、碳氮代谢和抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明:LaCl3胁迫下,喷施50μmol.L-1SNP能显著缓解幼苗生物量的下降,提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性,降低超氧阴离子(O2.-)产生速率及H2O2和丙二醛含量;促进可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质积累,提高二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶、内肽酶和羧肽酶活性。表明NO可通过提高活性氧清除能力,维持碳氮代谢正常运转,从而缓解LaCl3胁迫对黑麦草生长的抑制作用。     

Microwave treatment of eight seconds protects cells of Isatis indigotica from enhanced UV-B radiation lesions

To determine the role of microwaves in the stress resistance of plants to enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation, Isatis indigotica Fort. seeds were subjected to microwave radiation for 8 s (wavelength 125 mm, power density 1.26 mW mm(-2), 2450 MHz). Afterwards they were cultivated in plastic pots in an artificial-glass greenhouse maintained at 25 degrees C, 70% relative humidity, and 400 micromol mol(-1) CO2, under visible-light conditions of 1500 micromol m(-2) s(-1) for 8 h day(-1). When the seedlings were 10 days old, they were subjected to 10.08 kJ m(-2) UV-B (PAR: 220 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) radiation for 8 days. Changes in a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics and in the thermal decomposition enthalpy of biomass were measured and used as indicators of the protective capacity of microwave radiation in this experiment. Our results revealed that microwave pretreatment of seeds enhanced UV-B stress resistance in the seedlings by decreasing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing the concentration of ascorbic acid (AsA) and UV-B-absorbing compounds, increasing the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increasing the energy accumulation of photosynthesis. All these results suggest that microwave radiation enhances plant metabolism and results in increased UV-B stress resistance. This is the first investigation reporting the use of microwave pretreatment to protect the cells of Isatis indigotica from UV-B-induced lesions.     

Changes of antioxidative enzymes and cell membrane osmosis in tomato colonized by arbuscular Mycorrhizae under NaCl stress

Salinity toxicity is a worldwide agricultural and eco-environmental problem. Many literatures show that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance salt tolerance of many plants and some physiological changes occurred in AM symbiosis under salt stress. However, the role of ROS-scavenging enzymes in AM tomato is still unknown in continuous salt stress. This study investigated the effect of Glomus mosseae on tomato growth, cell membrane osmosis and examined the antioxidants (superoxide-dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; peroxidase, POD) responses in roots of mycorrhizal tomato and control under different NaCl stress for 40 days in potted culture. NaCl solution (0, 0.5 and 1%) was added to organic soil in the irrigation water after 45 days inoculated by AMF (Glomus mosseae). (1) AMF inoculation improved tomato growth under salt or saltless condition and reduced cell membrane osmosis, MDA (malonaldehyde) content in salinity. So the salt tolerance of tomato was enhanced by AMF; (2) SOD, APX and POD activity in roots of AM symbiosis were significantly higher than corresponding non-AM plants in salinity or saltless condition. However, CAT activity was transiently induced by AMF and then suppressed to a level similar with non-AM seedlings; (3) higher salinity (1% level) and long stress time suppressed the effect of AMF on SOD, APX, POD and CAT activity; (4) this research suggested that the enhanced salt tolerance in AM symbiosis was mainly related with the elevated SOD, POD and APX activity by AMF which degraded more reactive oxygen species and so alleviated the cell membrane damages under salt stress. Whereas, the elevated SOD, POD and APX activity due to AMF depended on salinity environment.     

Coordination polymers of La(III) as bunched infinite nanotubes and their conversion into an open-framework structure

Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (pdcH2) reacts with LaCl3 x 7H2O under hydrothermal conditions followed by evaporation at room temperature to give a metal-organic framework structure of the empirical formula, [La(pdc)(H2O)4] x Cl (1), in the form of infinitely long bunched nanotubes. The chloride ions and water molecules occupy the tubular as well as the inter-tubular spaces. When La(NO3)3 x 7H2O is used in place of LaCl3 x 6H2O, a similar structure is formed with the empirical formula, [La(pdc)(H2O)4] x NO3 (2), where water molecules and the nitrate anions occupy the voids as in the case of 1. When an aqueous solution of AgNO3 is added to an aqueous solution of 1, the Cl- ions are replaced completely by NO3- ions to form 2; thus, the tubular structure is conserved. However, when AgBF4 is used in place of AgNO3, the tubular structure breaks down, and a new 3-D MOF structure, [La(pdc)(pdcH)(H2O)2] x 4H2O (3), is formed where the cavities are occupied by hexameric and dimeric water clusters. Structure 3 is also formed as the sole product when La(OAc)3 x xH2O is treated with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid following the method adopted for 1 and 2. Formation of the tubular structure depends on the molar ratio of the ligand and the metal. When higher than 1 equiv of the metal is taken, a linear coordination polymer, [La2(pdc)3(H2O)6] x 2H2O (4), is formed. This study provides the first nanotubular structure of a pure lanthanide metal.     

Study on the effect of laser irradiation on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety PBW-373 seeds on zinc uptake by wheat plants

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of He?CNe laser irradiations on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety PBW-373 seeds on uptake and internal distribution of zinc ion in wheat plants for different irradiation time in soil culture. The transport of zinc from root system to shoot and grain was studied by incorporating radioactive zinc as zinc chloride (Zn^*Cl₂) with the nutrient solution to the plants. The ⁶⁵Zn activity absorbed by the matured plants and distributed in different parts (root, shoot and grain) was measured with a calibrated NaI (Tl) gamma ray spectrometer. The results led the conclusion that translocation of zinc from shoot to grain in mature plants in treated soaked seeds showed a better result in comparison to dry treated and control seeds. The utilization of zinc from roots to shoots was higher in the plants grown from dry seeds in all given treatments and from shoot to grain was best in soaked seeds at 2?min irradiation period.     

La对Pb， Cd复合污染大豆幼苗的缓解作用

以盆栽法研究了Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ复合污染对大豆幼苗的影响及Ｌａ对Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ复合胁迫的缓解效应。结果显示，Ｐｂ５００ｍｇ／Ｌ和Ｃｄ１００ｍｇ／Ｌ的混合液严重抑制大豆幼苗代谢与生长。叶面喷施３０ｍｇ／ＬＬａＣｌ３一次，能减轻Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ复合污染造成的伤害。这与Ｌａ能增加大豆幼苗光合速率，提高叶绿素含量与硝酸还原酶活性，降低质膜透性与植株中Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ含量，维持ＴＴＣ还原力等多重作用相关。     

Physiological changes in barley plants under combined toxicity of aluminum, copper and cadmium

Crop production on acid soil is markedly reduced, further, a multiple heavy metal pollution except Al on acid soil is detected in many areas. The present study was undertaken to assess the toxicities of Al, Cd, and Cu separately and in combinations, three heavy metals very often coexisting on acid soil, and to identify their interactions in two kinds of barley seedlings differing in Al tolerance. The plant growth, metals accumulations, total soluble protein and sugar contents, MDA contents and the activities of SOD and POD were estimated in roots and leaves after 5-week supply of the heavy metals excess in the nutrient solution. The results indicated that the stress treatments including low pH (pH 4.5) alone all adversely affected plant growth and disturbed the cell metabolism seriously. The development of toxic symptoms corresponded to a high accumulation of Al, Cd, Cu and to a poor increase in soluble sugar contents but to a high increase in MDA contents, to the decrease in soluble protein contents and to the much elevated SOD and POD activities in both roots and leaves. In addition, binary metal combinations of Al + Cd and Al + Cu both produced the synergistic response for the growth of barley seedlings, in particular for Shang 70-119, while, ternary metal combination of Al + Cu + Cd produced different interactions in two kinds of genotypes, thus, the significant synergistic response was seen in Shang 70-119, but the antagonistic response was detected in Gebeina. The different responses to ternary metal combination of two genotypes may result from the different metal bioaccumulation patterns, hence, the existence of Cd and Cu promoted Al accumulation in Shang 70-119 but inhibited Al accumulation in Gebeina.     

Seedling Development and Evaluation of Genetic Stability of Cryopreserved Dendrobium Hybrid Mature Seeds

Vitrification, a simple, fast, and recommended cryopreservation method for orchid germplasm conservation, was evaluated for Dendrobium hybrid “Dong Yai” mature seeds. The genetic stability of regenerated seedlings was also evaluated using flow cytometry. Mature seeds from this hybrid were submitted to plant vitrification solution (PVS2) for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 h at 0 °C. Subsequently, they were plunged into liquid nitrogen (LN) at ?196 °C for 1 h and recovered in half-strength Murashige and Skoog culture medium (1/2 MS), and seed germination was evaluated after 30 days. Seeds directly submitted to LN did not germinate after cryopreservation. Seeds treated with PVS2 between 1 and 3 h presented the best germination (between 51 and 58 %), although longer exposure to PVS2 returned moderated germination (39 %). Germinated seeds were further subcultured in P-723 culture medium and developed whole seedlings in vitro after 180 days, with no abnormal characteristics, diseases, or nutritional deficiencies. Seedlings were successfully acclimatized under greenhouse conditions with over 80 % survival. Flow cytometry analysis revealed no chromosomal changes on vitrified seedlings, as well as seedlings germinated from the control treatment (direct exposure to LN). These findings indicate that vitrification is a feasible and safe germplasm cryopreservation method for commercial Dendrobium orchid hybrid conservation.