等度反相高压液相色谱法同时测定艾叶中四种黄酮化合物的含量

建立艾叶中槲皮素、山萘酚、木犀草素、芹菜素含量测定方法。反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱ZORBAX SB-C18(150×4.6 mm,5μm);检测波长360 nm;V(甲醇)∶V(0.2%H3PO4)=45∶55为流动相;柱温30℃;流速1.0 mL/min。槲皮素、山萘酚、木犀草素、芹菜素理论板数分别为槲皮素:大于5000山萘酚:大于6000木犀草素:大于6000芹菜素:大于7000;4种化合物的分离度均大于1.5。槲皮素、山萘酚、木犀草素、芹菜素回归曲线分别为:Y=1504.412X 9.9756,Y=1991.745X 8.6051,Y=567.591X 2.5397,Y=1811.803X 0.3074,在5.5216×10-2~19.3256×10-2μg/mL、4.608×10-2~16.128×10-2μg/mL、12.5504×10-2~43.9264×10-2μg/mL、6.0288×10-2~21.1008×10-2μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.99992~0.99998,加样回收率分别为102.0%、100.2%、100.1%、100.4%,RSD分别为2.97%、2.61%、2.66%、3.45%。样品分别含槲皮素、山萘酚、木犀草素、芹菜素0.754、0.841、1.629、0.79 mg/g。本法为艾叶提供了分析4种黄酮化合物方法,该法简便可行,重复性好,数据及结果可靠。     

固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蜂蜜中16种黄酮类化合物和阿魏酸

建立了固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法（SPE-LC-MS/MS）同时测定蜂蜜中芦丁、杨梅素、桑黄素、槲皮素、柚皮素、橙皮素、木犀草素、染料木素、山柰酚、异鼠李素、芹菜素、松属素、汉黄芩素、白杨素、高良姜素、芫花素和阿魏酸含量的方法。蜂蜜经pH 2的盐酸溶液稀释,C₁₈固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱-串联质谱法检测,外标法定量。以空白蜂蜜基质溶液配制0~200 μg/kg的系列标准溶液,线性相关系数大于0.997,方法定量限为20 μg/kg。在蜂蜜样品中进行加标水平为20、40、100 μg/kg的添加回收试验,回收率为64.5%~113%,相对标准偏差为1.4%~14.5%。该方法取样量少、操作简便、快捷,可用于蜂蜜中黄酮类化合物的测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定银杏保健茶中的16种黄酮类功效成分

建立了银杏保健茶中16种黄酮类物质的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法。16种黄酮成分分别为儿茶素、牡荆素、葛根素、大豆苷元、水飞蓟宾、槲皮素、木犀草素、芹菜素、柚皮素、橙皮素二氢查尔酮、山柰酚、橙皮素、异鼠李素、黄芩素、川陈皮素、桔皮素。实验优化了液相色谱条件和质谱参数。采用C₁₈柱分离,流动相为乙腈-水(含0.1%甲酸)梯度洗脱,流速0.25 mL/min,以电喷雾离子源正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式进行MS/MS检测。16种黄酮类物质在各自的线性范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.996,低、中、高3个添加水平的平均回收率在70.9%~100.0%之间,相对标准偏差小于10%。通过检测发现实际样品中9种黄酮物质含量较高,分别是:山柰酚、槲皮素、橙皮素、牡荆素、木犀草素、儿茶素、芹菜素、柚皮素、异鼠李素,占总量的99.6%,此9种物质可作为银杏保健茶的质量控制指标。本法简便、快速、准确可靠,可用于控制银杏保健茶的质量。     

罗布麻叶黄酮类成分酶解前后的液相色谱-质谱分析及活性比较

采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESIMS)联用技术,对罗布麻叶中的黄酮类化合物及酶解产物进行了系统的研究。结果表明,罗布麻叶所含黄酮成分极性较大,包含白麻苷、芦丁、山萘酚-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷、异槲皮素、扁蓄苷和乙酰化金丝桃苷。罗布麻叶黄酮类成分经过β-葡萄糖苷酶和α-鼠李糖苷酶混合酶液酶解后发生水解,水解产物包括金丝桃苷、异槲皮素、乙酰化金丝桃苷、三叶豆苷、紫云英苷、槲皮素和山萘酚。将酶解前后各化合物的高效液相色谱峰面积进行比对,证明白麻苷、山萘酚-3-O-芸香糖苷和扁蓄苷为酶解前罗布麻叶主要成分,金丝桃苷、异槲皮素、扁蓄苷、槲皮素和山萘酚为酶解后的主要成分。细胞实验结果表明,酶解后3个剂量组的细胞相对增殖率较酶解前分别提升了14.61%、22.48%和20.22%。因此,通过β-葡萄糖苷酶和α-鼠李糖苷酶混合酶液酶解可以有效地将罗布麻叶黄酮苷转化为对应的黄酮苷元及疏水性的黄酮苷,大大提高了罗布麻叶黄酮提取物的抗抑郁活性。     

RP-HPLC/二极管阵列检测器同时测定飞机草中3种黄酮

应用高效液相色谱法/二极管阵列检测器同时测定了飞机草中木犀草素、槲皮素和山柰酚的含量。色谱柱HiQ sil C18W柱(4.6 mm×25 cm,5μm),流动相V(甲醇)∶V(水)∶V(磷酸)=50∶49.8∶0.2,检测波长槲皮素254 nm,木犀草素和山柰酚360 nm,温度30℃,流速1 mL/min,进样量10μL。确定了以超声波提取法制备飞机草分析样品的方法:溶剂为体积分数85%的乙醇,液固比为10∶1(mL/g),提取时间为1 h。结果表明,3种黄酮在0.01×10-3~0.10×10-3g/mL范围内呈现良好线性关系(R2>0.999 0),平均加样回收率分别为99.601 7%、99.032 6%和99.450 8%,RSD<2%。该方法操作简便、准确度高,可快速测定飞机草中木犀草素、槲皮素和山柰酚3种物质的含量。     

MSPE-HPLC法测定甘青青兰中5种黄酮化合物

建立了磁固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(MSPE-HPLC)同时测定甘青青兰中5种黄酮化合物的方法。优化了甘青青兰中木犀草素苷、香叶木素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素、芹菜素和金合欢素等5种黄酮化合物的磁固相萃取条件,并同时测定其含量。结果表明,甘青青兰中这5种黄酮化合物的线性范围分别在1. 0～15,0. 8～12,1. 6～24,1. 2～18,0. 6～9. 0μg/mL之间,相关系数r≥0. 9992,平均回收率在96. 4%～107. 9%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱双内标法同时测定复方杏香兔耳风胶囊中的10种有效成分

建立了同时测定复方杏香兔耳风胶囊中原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛、绿原酸、野黄芩苷、异绿原酸C、黄芩苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、白术内酯Ⅲ和白术内酯I等10种有效成分含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）双内标分析方法。以咖啡酸和淫羊藿苷为内标（IS）,在ZORBAX RRHD Eclipse Plus C₁₈色谱柱上,以甲醇和含0.3%甲酸的水为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,流速为0.3 mL/min。在电喷雾电离（ESI）正、负离子切换模式下,采用多重反应监测模式进行检测。结果表明,原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛、绿原酸、野黄芩苷、异绿原酸C、黄芩苷、木犀草素、芹菜素、白术内酯Ⅲ、白术内酯I的线性范围分别为0.00300~24.0 mg/L、0.0170~2.00 mg/L、0.0150~30.0 mg/L、0.00400~30.0 mg/L、0.0105~24.0 mg/L、0.00300~30.0 mg/L、0.00300~5.00 mg/L、0.00600~5.00 mg/L、0.00150~4.00 mg/L、0.000600~0.900 mg/L;检出限分别为1.0、11、5.0、1.5、3.5、1.0、1.0、2.0、0.50、0.20 μg/L。10种成分的加样回收率为92.5%~106%,相对标准偏差均不大于3.2%。该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、重复性好,已成功用于实际样品的分析。     

油菜蜂花粉黄酮含量的HPLC测定

以95％乙醇为溶剂,采用索氏提取器提取青海产油菜蜂花粉中的黄酮类化合物,将黄酮提取物中的黄酮甙水解为黄酮甙元后,利用HPLC法测定其中槲皮素、山萘酚、异鼠李素含量。结果表明,青海油菜蜂花粉中槲皮素、山萘酚、异鼠李素的平均含量分别为0．928％、0．295％、0．0834％,换算成总黄酮含量为3．28％。     

黄酮与溶菌酶相互作用的强度衰减-基质辅助激光解吸离子化-质谱研究

建立了黄酮与溶菌酶相互作用研究的强度衰减-基质辅助激光解吸离子化-质谱(Intensity fading matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry,IF-MALDI-MS)分析方法.在优化的基质DHB条件下,分别研究了木犀草素、染料木素、芹菜素、槲皮素和大豆黄素与溶菌酶相互作用,比较了溶菌酶加入前后黄酮的相对丰度的变化,并通过竞争实验的方法研究了5种黄酮与溶菌酶结合的亲和性大小.结果表明,5种黄酮与溶菌酶均存在相互作用,亲和性强弱为:木犀草素＞芹菜素,染料木素＞槲皮素＞大豆黄素.结合5种黄酮的结构特征,讨论了黄酮的结构及其与溶菌酶亲和性的关系,发现C5位和C3’位的羟基有利于黄酮与溶菌酶的结合,C3位的羟基不利于黄酮与溶菌酶的结合.本方法具有简便,快速,高效等优点,也可以应用于其它天然产物与蛋白质的相互作用的研究.     

罗布白麻与罗布红麻的液相色谱-质谱联用分析

建立了罗布白麻叶和罗布红麻叶的高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用的分析方法,分析比较了二者的16种成分.在罗布麻叶中首次发现了槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸、槲皮素-3-O-呋喃型阿拉伯糖苷、Ⅰ3-Ⅱ8-双芹菜苷元、穗花衫双黄酮、贯叶金丝桃素和加贯叶金丝桃素.研究表明罗布红麻叶和罗布白麻叶的主要成分在种类和含量上均有较大的差别,前者中槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸、金丝桃苷、槲皮素-3-O-呋喃型阿拉伯糖苷、乙酰化异槲皮素、乙酰化金丝桃苷、紫云英苷、山奈酚-3-O-半乳糖苷、槲皮素、山奈酚和贯叶金丝桃素的含量高于后者,而白麻苷含量低于后者.芦丁和加贯叶金丝桃素是罗布白麻的特征性成分,而Ⅰ3-Ⅱ8-双芹菜苷元和穗花衫双黄酮是罗布红麻的特征性成分,根据此特点可以区分二者.     

Analysis of heartsease (Viola tricolor L.) flavonoid glycosides by micro-liquid chromatography coupled to multistage mass spectrometry

Micro-liquid chromatography (microLC) in conjunction with multistage mass spectrometry (MSn) was introduced to study several major heartsease flavonoid glycosides. High-resolution microLC separation was achieved by using a monolithic poly(p-methylstyrene-co-1,2-bis(p-vinylphenyl)ethane) column under reversed-phase conditions. The MS/MS and MS3 analysis of the flavonoid components of interest provided data about their glycosylation type and position, nature of their aglycones, and the structure/linkage information of their glycan moieties. With our microLC-MSn approach, four flavonol O-glycosides, nine flavone-C-glycosides, and three flavone C,O-glycosides were characterized in heartsease methanol extract. All of these glycoconjugates were found to be the derivatives of six aglycones: apigenin, chrysoeriol, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin.     

微波辅助萃取/高效液相色谱串联质谱法对山银花中活性成分含量的测定

建立了微波辅助萃取/高效液相色谱串联质谱法(MAE/HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定山银花中10种活性成分含量的方法。山银花药材采用MAE萃取,萃取溶剂为乙醇-水(7∶3),固液比1∶30,萃取温度70℃,萃取时间10 min。采用HPLC-MS/MS测定萃取液中活性成分的含量,色谱柱采用Agilent Poroshell120 SB-C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm),以0.5%甲酸-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,负离子多重反应离子监测模式检测。在优化条件下,10种成分的定量分析在10 min内完成。结果表明,10种活性成分的线性范围为0.05～500 mg/L,相关系数(r)不低于0.996 9,检出限和定量下限分别在69～4 413μg/kg和231～14709μg/kg范围,回收率为94%～105%。采用该方法检测6个不同产地的山银花样品,10种活性成分的含量在3.98～14 356.31 mg/kg范围。该方法快速、准确,可有效地用于山银花药材的质量控制。     

Simultaneous determination of six herbal components in intestinal perfusate by high‐performance liquid chromatography

An effective, accurate and reliable HPLC with UV detection method was developed and validated for quantitation of six components: baicalin, berberine hydrochloride, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and baicalein in intestinal perfusate using rotundin as an internal standard. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Welchrom‐C₁₈ column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d. with 5.0 µm particle size) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, water, phosphoric acid and triethylamine (30:70:0.2:0.1,v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a UV detection at 270 nm. The method had a chromatographic run time of 30 min and excellent linear behavior over the investigated concentration ranges observed with the values of r higher than 0.99 for all the analytes. The lower limit of quantification of the analytical method was 0.09 µg/mL for berberine hydrochloride, quercetin, kaempferol and baicalein and 0.18 µg/mL for baicalin and isorhamnetin. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions measured at three concentration levels were all less than 10% for all analytes. The bias ranged from ?6.91 to 4.33%. The validated method has been successfully applied to investigate the rat intestine absorption profiles of baicalin, berberine hydrochloride, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and baicalein. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis

The compounds of flavonoid, an important group in nature, can prevent coronary heart disease and anticancer by virtue of the characteristics of antioxidation. Nine flavonoids most often seen in grape wine, namely apigenin, baicalein, naringenin, luteolin, hesperetin, galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetine, were determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in this work. A successful resolution was obtained from an unusual additive of tetrahydrofuran in mobile phase by HPLC. One notable thing is that the mixture of luteolin and quercetin could be separated for the first time by HPLC. In addition, the better detection limit was still attainable even with the use of tetrahydrofuran. The detection limits of CZE performed in borate buffer were hundreds-fold better than in previous reports. Furthermore, the retention and migration behavior of the analytes studied were discussed. As the result of this study, the elution order of flavone and flavonone was reversed to the contention proposed by Wulf et al. It was predictable from the interaction with tetrahydrofuran. Consequently, the extracts from grape wine with solid-phase extraction were analyzed by developing methods of HPLC and CZE. The obtained recoveries ranged from 90 to 107% and the relative standard deviations were under 6.3%.     

HPLC and MEKC determination of major flavonoids in selected food pools

The main flavone and flavonol glycosides were identified in four different food pools (soup, legumes/vegetables, salads, fruit) typical of the mediterranean diet. The analysis was performed by RP-HPLC or micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) coupled with diode array detection. For the quantitative evaluation the glycosidic fraction of each pool was hydrolyzed under controlled conditions and among the resulting aglycones quercetin and apigenin were detected as the most relevant. The mean content of these aglycones in the examined pools ranges from 12 to 43 mg/kg and from 3 to 15 mg/kg of dried sample for quercetin and apigenin, respectively.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. J.F.K. Huber on the occasion of his 70th birthday     

Validation of a liquid chromatography ionspray mass spectrometry method for the analysis of flavanones, flavones and flavonols

The application of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with a TurboIonspray (TIS) interface was investigated as a new method for the analysis of flavonoids. Eleven compounds belonging to three different classes of flavonoids were studied: eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin, naringin, narirutin, hesperidin, neohesperidin (flavanone glycosides), quercetin, kaempferol, galangin (flavonol aglycones), chrysin, apigenin (flavone aglycones). Chromatographic separations were performed under reversed-phase conditions using a C18 narrow-bore LC column; a mixture of an aqueous solution of formic acid (pH 2.4) and acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase. Isocratic elution was operated in the case of flavanones, whereas gradient elution was used for the simultaneous separation of flavones and flavonols. The adaptability of TIS to high flow applications allows the use of LC eluent flow rates at 200 μL/min without post-column splitting. Qualitative analysis was performed in negative-ion (NI) full-scan mode, whereas response linearity, detection limits and precision of the method were studied under NI selected ion monitoring (SIM) conditions. Characterization of isomers differing in the glycosylation was found to be possible on the basis of different mass spectra. Detection limits in the low-ng range (0.08-0.4 ng) were found, about twenty-fold lower than those reported previously. The method was applied to identify and determine the content of flavonoids in an orange juice sample. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rapid quantitative analysis of adulterant Lonicera species in preparations of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos

Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is often adulterated with Lonicerae Flos, which is derived from the other four Lonicera species, in both the crude drug and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations. We proposed a methodology for the quantitative analysis of adulterant Lonicerae Flos in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations. Taking macranthoidins A, B, dipsacoside B (saponins), sweroside (iridoids), and luteolin‐7‐O‐d ‐glucoside (flavonoids) as markers, a method of ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was employed to determine their amounts in Lonicerae Flos, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations. The proportion of adulterant Lonicerae Flos in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations was estimated based on the saponin contents of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos. All analytes separated under isocratic elution in 12 min with acceptable linearity, precision, repeatability, and accuracy. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was easily distinguished from Lonicerae Flos by the total amount of saponins (0.067 and > 45.8 mg/g for Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Lonicerae Flos, respectively). Eighteen of twenty one Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparation samples were adulterated with Lonicerae Flos in proportions of 11.3–100%. The developed ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method could be used for the identification of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and the four species of Lonicerae Flos and for the analysis of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos preparations adulterated with Lonicerae Flos.     

Analysis of flavonoids in honey by HPLC coupled with coulometric electrode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

The analysis of flavonoids in unifloral honeys by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with coulometric electrode array detection (CEAD) is described. The compounds were extracted by a nonionic polymeric resin (Amberlite XAD-2) and then separated on a reversed phase column using gradient elution. Quercetin, naringenin, hesperetin, luteolin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and galangin were detected in a coulometric electrode array detection system between +300 and +800 mV against palladium reference electrodes, and their presence was additionally confirmed by HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The method was applied to analysis of 19 honeys of different varieties and origin. The limits of detection and quantitation ranged between 1.6 and 8.3 μg/kg and 3.9 and 27.4 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were above 96% in fluid and above 89% in creamy honeys. Some of these honeys (melon, pumpkin, cherry blossom, dandelion, maple, and pine tree honey) were investigated for their flavonoid content and profile for the first time. Differences between honeys were observed both in flavonoid concentrations and in the flavonoid profiles. The flavonoid concentrations ranged from 0.015 to 3.4 mg/kg honey. Galangin, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and luteolin were detected in all investigated honeys, whereas hesperetin occurred only in lemon and orange honeys and naringenin in lemon, orange, rhododendron, rosemary, and cherry blossom honeys.