航空结构声激励应力的仿真研究

利用回归分析方法,建立声激励下飞机襟翼振动总加速度和总应力对总声压的仿真模型,及总应力对振动总加速度的仿真模型.通过模式识别,得到结构应力响应与加速度线性和非线性关系的界限,以及结构应力响应、结构加速度响应与总声压线性和非线性关系的界限.     

基于异方差的自回归预测模型的参数估计及其应用

从齐性方差的线性回归模型参数估计的最小二乘法出发,通过对统计资料的适当变换,利用加权最小二乘法,获得了异方差的线性自回归模型和四种异方差的非线性自回归模型的参数估计公式,并举例阐述了估计公式的应用.     

双相依结构下离散时间风险模型的破产概率渐近估计及数值模拟

本文研究了具有双相依结构及重尾索赔噪声项的离散时间风险模型的有限时间破产概率.在该模型中,索赔额服从具有独立同分布噪声项的单边线性过程;保险公司的风险投资和无风险投资导致的随机折现因子与单边线性过程的噪声项相依.保险公司单期保费收入是恒定的常数,当单边线性过程的噪声项服从重尾分布时,本文得到离散时间风险模型有限时间破产概率的渐近估计.最后利用蒙特卡罗模拟方法验证所得结果.     

PP回归方法在预测模型中的应用－用PP回归建立“积累”“消费”模型

本文利用ＰＰ回归方法,建立“积累”“消费”回归模型,并与最小二乘法拟合的线性回归模型相比较,说明用ＰＰ回归建立的模型预测精度较高．     

PP回归方法在预测模型中的应用－用PP回归建立“积累”“消费”模型

本文利用ＰＰ回归方法,建立“积累”“消费”回归模型,并与最小二乘法拟合的线性回归模型相比较,说明用ＰＰ回归建立的模型预测精度较高．     

多元线性回归模型参数估计的递推算法及误差分析

讨论新增数据信息对多元线性回归模型的修正原理,给出不断加入新增数据信息的多元线性回归模型参数估计值的一种递推算法.利用影响因子的概念来刻画新增信息对预测误差的影响,并给出了算法和应用实例.     

一阶自回归模型参数变点的假设检验

本文讨论一阶自回归模型自回归参数$\phi$的变点问题. 对于一阶自回归模型, 在模型的白噪声序列的方差$\sigma^2$已知和未知的条件下, 利用最大似然方法, 我们分别讨论了模型自回归参数$\phi$的Abrupt Change-Point 和Gradual Change-Point的检测问题.     

逐步判别分析在城市噪声区域划分中的应用

噪声是城市环境质量的重要指标之一,它给人们带来的影响日益严重,我国于1982年颁布了《城市区域环境噪声标准》(GB3096—82,以下简称国标),噪声区域划分就是为了贯彻国标要求,将城市中各小区划定为某一个噪声适用区域,以便执行国标规定进行噪声的管理与治理,最大限度地保护居民。国标将城市划分为以下各种适用区域:1.居民文教区,要求声级为50分贝以下;2.一类混合区,指一般商业与居民混合区,要求声级为55分贝以下;3.二类混合区,指一般商业、工业、交通与居民混合区,要求声级为60分贝以下;4.工业区,要求声级为65分贝以下,国     

线性约束下异方差回归模型参数的极大似然估计

运用参数的极大似然估计法,给出在线性约束条件Hβ=C下异方差回归模型参数β和λ的极大似然估计,并讨论了估计参数的性质和模型的残差.利用得到的结论对线性约束下异方差回归模型的进一步研究和应用具有一定的理论和实际价值.     

基于JGLM-RM模型的动态稳健设计及其应用

根据动态稳健设计的基本思想和方法,结合联合广义线性模型(Joint Generalized linearmodel)和响应模型(Response model)各自的特点和优势,构建出基于JGLM-RM的动态稳健设计模型。利用新模型对具体工业案例进行了实证研究,结果表明新模型不仅能有效地区分具体噪声因子和潜在噪声因子对整个过程波动的影响,而且能够灵活地调节模型的截距和斜率。此外,新模型引入了均值和散度的联合广义线性模型因此能适应广泛的响应类型。     

模型燃烧室冷态流场的数值研究

本文采用α-ε湍流模型对模型燃烧室内湍流冷态流场进行了数值分析.采用混合差分格式和SNIP方法进行数值求解.得到了燃烧室内回流区再附长度及速度分布的数值解.计算结果与有关文献的实验数据吻合较好.本文的工作可以作为建立突扩型燃烧室计算模型的基础.     

Numerical study on the effect of the injection pressure on spray penetration length

This paper investigates the fuel spray behavior and variation of the spray characteristics under different injection pressures in internal combustion engines. In diesel engines the fuel spray is affected by the cavitation phenomenon which occurs in the injector orifice. The cavitation is one of the important phenomena which has a significant effect on the fuel spray characteristics. In this paper, for a specified geometry of the nozzle and the combustion chamber, the effect of the cavitation phenomenon on the spray characteristics, i.e. spray penetration length, the Sauter main diameter and evaporation are studied numerically for different values of the injection pressures. High injection pressure causes high velocity of the fuel in the injector orifice which leads to an effective atomization process with small and dispersed fuel droplets. The fluid flow equations are calculated in the combustion chamber to obtain the spray model. Since it is known that, high injection pressure together with low discharge pressure leads to creation of cavitation phenomenon inside the injector orifice, then for having cavitation phenomenon inside the injector orifice and consequently for investigating the cavitation phenomenon effects on the spray characteristics, the injection pressure values of 10–150 MPa are considered while the discharge pressure remains constant. The injector and combustion chamber are simulated in separated regions and the results of the outlet of the nozzle are used as the boundary conditions for solving the fuel flow inside the combustion chamber to achieve the spray simulation. The results of this study show that by increasing the injection pressure, the value of the spray penetration length increases and the Sauter main diameter decreases for constant discharge pressure. The Hydraulic Flip phenomenon occurs after the injection pressure of 120 MPa on the base of the results of this work.     

Stability of the cylindrical flame front in an annular combustion chamber

Using small perturbations, within the framework of phenomenological theory of mixture combustion we study stability of the cylindrical front of deflagration combustion in an annular combustion chamber. The flame front is described as a discontinuity of gasdynamic parameters. It is discovered that the flame front is unstable for some types of small perturbations of the mainstream flow of the fuel mixture and the flame front. The mechanics of instability is examined using both numerical and analytical methods. The cases are presented of evolution of the instabilities rotating in the annular channel.     

Numerical simulation of methane partial oxidation in the burner and combustion chamber of autothermal reformer

This study aims to model the methane partial oxidation process in the burner and combustion chamber of autothermal reactor. The numerical simulation based on this model offers a powerful tool that can assist in reactor design and optimization and scale up of the process saving expensive pilot work. The steady-state governing equations were solved using the SIMPLE algorithm and the effect of turbulence on the mean flow field was accounted for using the RNG k–ε model. A two-step reaction mechanism was used for the gas combustion with CO as the intermediate species. The reaction rates were modeled using an Eddy-Dissipation Model. In terms of the geometrical model, a 3D model for burner was developed while an axis-symmetric model for the combustion chamber was implemented to reduce the computational costs. The model formulated was validated against a currently operating autothermal reactor and then has been used to investigate different aspects of these reactors. Results show that effect of oxygen to methane ratio is more than that of feed temperature. It is demonstrated that a 60% increase in O₂/CH₄ ratio causes a 15.4% decrease and 42.7% increase in H₂/CO ratio and methane conversion, respectively. In contrast, a 60% increase in feed temperature does not have a significant effect on the process.     

Numerical simulation of two-stage combustion in SI engine with prechamber

Burning lean mixture in spark ignition (SI) engine leads to decrease in temperature of combustion process and is one of the methods of limiting nitric oxide emission and increasing the engine efficiency. The two-stage combustion system of stratified mixture (engine with prechamber) can be an effective method of lean mixture combustion. The paper presents the results of three-dimensional modeling of fuel mixture preparation and combustion in SI engine with sectional combustion chamber powered by liquefied fuel. Three dimensional modeling was performed in KIVA-3V code. The modeling results were compared with results obtained from the analysis of experimental measurements of two-stage combustion test engine operating at the Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Control Engineering (Czestochowa University of Technology). The performed simulations of the combustion process provided data concerning the spatial and temporal distributions of turbulent kinetic energy, pressure, temperature and nitric oxides concentration in the combustion chambers of the engine. The engine model with two-stage combustion system properly represents the real processes which occur in the combustion chambers of the test engine. Pressure and temperature courses in function of CA obtained from the experiment and modeling were in good qualitative and quantitative consistence. Comparison of modeled and measured nitric oxide emissions revealed relatively significant discrepancies. In case of λ = 1.4, the measured values of NO_x concentration were 1.75 times higher than the modeled values. In case of λ = 2.0, the modeled and measured values were close to each other and were within the range of measurement error.     

Lifetime prediction of a rocket combustion chamber wall by a viscoplastic damage model

Regeneratively cooled nozzle structures of Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV) belong to the most critical components of a space shuttle main engine. The so-called doghouse effect is a failure mode in the rocket combustion chamber wall, which has been observed experimentally. Within the Collaborative Research Centre SFB-TR 40 of the German Research Foundation (DFG), new technologies for the future space-transport-systems are being developed. By using a new continuum mechanical approach, motivated by a rheological model, we are able to reproduce the doghouse effect. Moreover we intend to give reliable lifetime predictions for rocket combustion chamber structures so that in future components can be tested virtually instead of conducting real experiments. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Perturbation analysis of self-sustained oscillations in a pulse combustion model

A lumped parameter model of pulse combustion is constructed which incorporates a valve submodel exhibiting continuous mass reactant flow. Unlike earlier models based on the orifice flow equations, the rate of change of the mass reactant flow, while discontinuous as the valve transitions from open to closed, exhibits a finite jump discontinuity. The model equations are analyzed by combining Fourier series expansions with regular perturbation expansions; this yields asymptotic expansions for both the combustion chamber pressure and tailpipe velocity oscillations. A numerical study of the perturbation expansions yields important information concerning the behavior of the pulse combustor as various physical and geometrical parameters are varied.     

Estimation of a noise level using coarse-grained entropy of experimental time series of internal pressure in a combustion engine

We report our results on non-periodic experimental time series of pressure in a single cylinder spark ignition engine. The experiments were performed for different levels of loading. We estimate the noise level in internal pressure calculating the coarse-grained entropy from variations of maximal pressures in successive cycles. The results show that the dynamics of the combustion is a non-linear multidimensional process mediated by noise. Our results show that so defined level of noise in internal pressure is not monotonous function of loading.     

Pre-averaged kernel estimators for the drift function of a diffusion process in the presence of microstructure noise

We consider estimation of the drift function of a stationary diffusion process when we observe high-frequency data with microstructure noise over a long time interval. We propose to estimate the drift function at a point by a Nadaraya–Watson estimator that uses observations that have been pre-averaged to reduce the noise. We give conditions under which our estimator is consistent and asympotically normal. Its rate and asymptotic bias and variance are the same as those without microstructure noise. To use our method in data analysis, we propose a data-based cross-validation method to determine the bandwidth in the Nadaraya–Watson estimator. Via simulation, we study several methods of bandwidth choices, and compare our estimator to several existing estimators. In terms of mean squared error, our new estimator outperforms existing estimators.