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1.
为了提高量子点敏化纳晶薄膜太阳能电池的光电转换效率,我们通过连续在酸和多硫溶液中处理铅片制备了对多硫电解液具有高电催化活性的硫化铅电极. 通过电化学阻抗谱测试评价所制备硫化铅电极的催化活性,从而确定制备高效硫化铅电极的最佳条件. 以在最佳条件下制备的硫化铅为对电极、CdSe量子点敏化TiO2纳晶薄膜为工作电极和多硫电解液组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池. 光电性能测试结果表明所制备的电极具有良好的催化活性和光电转换性能. 与已报导的方法相比,新方法大幅度地减少制备过程所需的时间,但却提高了所制备的硫化铅对电极的催化活性. 通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜测试表征了硫化铅的生成过程,探讨了催化活性提高的原因. 相似文献
2.
A new photoelectrochemical starch-O2 biofuel cell has been developed, consisting of chlorin-e6 (Chl-e6) adsorbed on a TiO2 layer onto an optical transparent conductive glass electrode as a photoanode, bilirubin oxidase (BOD)-modified electrode as a cathode, and a solution containing starch, glucoamylase, glucose dehydrogenase and NAD+ as fuel. The short-circuit photocurrent and the open-circuit photovoltage of this cell are 9.0 μA cm?2 and 530 mV, respectively. The maximum power, FF and \(\eta\) values are estimated to be 1.7 μW cm?2, 0.36 and 0.0017 %, respectively. Thus, this new type of the photochemical starch-O2 biofuel cell has been developed by using the visible light photosensitization of Chl-e6 on a TiO2 film photoanode. 相似文献
3.
Visible light photoelectrocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B using a dye-sensitised TiO2 electrode
Sayekti Wahyuningsih Candra Purnawan Puspa Ayu Kartikasari Novita Praistia 《Chemical Papers》2014,68(9):1248-1256
Titanium dioxide is a promising catalyst for application in the photodegradation of organic pollutants in water due to its powerful oxidising property and long-term photostability. This study presents the production of titanium dioxide using the sol-gel process, dye sensitisation of the TiO2 electrode, and the performance of that cell. Sensitisation of titanium dioxide was performed using a dye, i.e., Fe(II)-polypyridyl complexes. The photoelectrocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RB) using ITO/TiO2/dye as electrode was investigated via a series of potentials, from +1.0 V to ?1.0 V, and at various pH and NaCl concentration values (ITO is indium tin oxide conductive glass). The photoelectrocatalytic degradation of RB was performed with a visible light lamp. The change in the absorbance of RB with various potentials indicated that the absorbance of RB in solution systems with the sensitised TiO2 electrodes decreased with increasing anodic potential bias. The degradation cell exhibited better performance when the positive anodic bias was applied. The pH values of RB in solution systems also influence the photoelectrodegradation process because of the different RB species present. NaCl concentration also affects the activity of RB photoelectrocatalytic degradation due to changes in the ionic strength character of the electrolyte. 相似文献
4.
The activity of WO3 photoanode could be improved efficiently after loading MnOx by photodeposition. The maximum photocurrent density of composite photoanode is achieved with a deposition time of 3 min, which is higher than that of pristine WO3 photoanode around 40%. 相似文献
5.
6.
Summary Analytical methods have been developed for the determination of organic pollutants of intermediate polarity in sewage. Water
samples are first passed through a solid phase adsorption cartridge. The analytes are then extracted from the absorbent with
supercritical CO2 into a small volume of trapping solvent. Finally, the extracts are analyzed directly by capillary gas chromatography and
gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The various parameters (pressure, temperature, type and concentration of modifiers,
trapping solvent, flow rate and volume of supercritical fluid and equilibrium time) influencing the efficiency of extraction
were studied. Extraction efficiencies for the test compounds are >70%, and relative standard deviations are <4.6% (n=3). The
methods established were applied to the analysis of sewage at the Lanzhou Wastewater Treatment Plant, China. 66 organic pollutants
were detected, of which 15 compounds appeared in the list of priority pollutants suggested by the US EPA. 相似文献
7.
Fuel‐Free Bio‐photoelectrochemical Cells Based on a Water/Oxygen Circulation System with a Ni:FeOOH/BiVO4 Photoanode 下载免费PDF全文
He Zhang You Yu Lingling Zhang Prof. Shaojun Dong 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(6):1547-1551
A bio‐photoelectrochemical cell (BPEC) based on a fuel‐free self‐circulation water–oxygen–water system was fabricated. It consists of Ni:FeOOH modified n‐type bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanode and laccase catalyzed biocathode. In this BPEC, irradiation of the photoanode generates photocurrent for photo‐oxidation of water to oxygen, which is reduced to water again at the laccase biocathode. Of note, the by‐products of two electrode reactions could continue to be reacted, which means the H2O and O2 molecules are retained in an infinite loop of water–oxygen–water without any sacrificial chemical components. As a result, the assembled fuel‐free BPEC exhibits good performance with an open‐circuit potential of 0.97 V and a maximum power density of 205 μW cm?2 at 0.44 V. This BPEC based on a self‐circulation system offers a fuel‐free model to enhance multiple energy conversion and application in reality. 相似文献
8.
二氧化钛纳米晶溶胶内渗透电极对染料敏化太阳能电池的光伏性能的提高 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以自制的过氧钛酸(PTA)水溶液为前驱体,用水热法制备了透明锐钛矿相二氧化钛溶胶.无需有机添加剂可得到直径小于7 nm的棒状二氧化钛纳米晶溶胶.通过将溶胶内渗透到染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSCs)的多孔二氧化钛电极后,消除了多孔电极内的大孔并改善了电极内纳米晶之间的连通性.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光学轮廓仪对溶胶内渗透后的光阳极进行了表征.结果表明:小颗粒棒状二氧化钛纳米晶附着在多孔的二氧化钛表面,填充了电极由于烧结产生的大孔,并在多孔的二氧化钛内部形成了有利于电子传输的网络结构.与未经处理的多孔电极相比,改性后的光阳极组装成染料敏化太阳能电池后光电转化效率提高了64%. 相似文献
9.
Omotayo A. Arotiba Benjamin O. Orimolade Babatunde A. Koiki 《Current Opinion in Electrochemistry》2020
Research interest in photoelectrocatalysis or photoelectrochemical oxidation processes for water treatment is on the increase. This is because this method has the ability to abate a wide range of recalcitrant organic pollutants from wastewater. The application of visible or solar light, which has the potential to reduce cost, increase safety, and increase sustainability, is a recent direction in this novel electrochemical technology for water treatment. This review focuses on the use of semiconductor heterojunctions as a way of tuning the photoanode towards visible light activation. The classifications, preparations and various applications of semiconductor heterojunction for the removal of organic pollutants from water in the past two years are presented with concluding remarks and future perspective. 相似文献
10.
《Electrochemistry communications》2008,10(2):259-262
Micro ion-selective electrode techniques can analyze concentration of particular ions at the solid–liquid interface from the side of solution being an alternative, or a complement, to methods based on potential and current changes across the interface. We report the successful application of ion-selective micro-electrodes for mapping local activity of Mg2+ and H+ (by scanning ion-selective electrode technique, SIET) as well as local ionic current density measurements (by scanning vibrating electrode technique, SVET) over the surface of Mg-based alloy in aqueous chloride-containing solution. The local concentration of Mg2+ ions dissolved due to corrosion from artificial defects and pH changes together with cathodic and anodic currents are measured by combination of two selective and one vibrating microelectrodes. Combination of these techniques in one experiment gives a powerful tool for investigation mechanisms and kinetics of electrochemical corrosion processes in micro-confined zones. 相似文献
11.
Cai X Hou S Wu H Lv Z Fu Y Wang D Zhang C Kafafy H Chu Z Zou D 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2012,14(1):125-130
A novel fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on an all-carbon electrode is presented, where low-cost, highly-stable, and biocompatible carbon materials are applied to both the photoanode and the counter electrode. The fibrous carbon-based photoanode has a core-shell structure, with carbon fiber core used as conductive substrate to collect carriers and sensitized porous TiO(2) film as shell to harvest light effectively. The highly catalytic all-carbon counter electrode is made from ink carbon coatings and carbon fiber substrate. Results show that the open circuit voltage can be largely improved through engineering at the carbon fiber/TiO(2) interface. An optimized diameter of the photoanode results in an efficiency of 1.9%. It is the first demonstration of efficient DSSCs based on all-carbon electrodes, and the devices are totally free from TCOs or any other expensive electrode materials. Also, this type of solar cell is significant in obtaining bio-friendly all-carbon photovoltaics suitable for large-scale production. 相似文献
12.
《先进技术聚合物》2018,29(1):401-406
Polypyrrole films on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)‐coated glass substrate were prepared in situ by placing FTO/glass substrates where pyrrole was polymerized by methyl orange‐ferric chloride complex. The atomic force microscopy image indicated growth of acicular nanorods of polypyrrole. These films exhibited catalytic activity towards I3−/I− redox couple and have been investigated for counter electrode application in dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The fabricated DSSC with N719 dye/TiO2 as photoanode, and PPy/FTO as counter electrode shows ~1.7% efficiency. 相似文献
13.
ZHANG Jing-Bo LI Pan YANG Hui ZHAO Fei-Yan TANG Guang-Shi SUN Li-Na LIN Yuan 《物理化学学报》2014,30(8):1495-1500
为了提高量子点敏化纳晶薄膜太阳能电池的光电转换效率,我们通过连续在酸和多硫溶液中处理铅片制备了对多硫电解液具有高电催化活性的硫化铅电极.通过电化学阻抗谱测试评价所制备硫化铅电极的催化活性,从而确定制备高效硫化铅电极的最佳条件.以在最佳条件下制备的硫化铅为对电极、CdSe量子点敏化TiO2纳晶薄膜为工作电极和多硫电解液组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池.光电性能测试结果表明所制备的电极具有良好的催化活性和光电转换性能.与已报导的方法相比,新方法大幅度地减少制备过程所需的时间,但却提高了所制备的硫化铅对电极的催化活性.通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜测试表征了硫化铅的生成过程,探讨了催化活性提高的原因. 相似文献
14.
Highly ordered anodized Nb2O5 nanochannels are synthesized and utilized as the photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We characterize these DSSCs to determine the optimum photoanode thickness for the best cell performance. The samples with thicknesses from 5 to 25 μm are obtained in glycerol based electrolyte at 180 °C and their photoconversion properties are investigated utilizing various techniques including photocurrent–voltage characteristic, photovoltage decay and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Overall, the DSSC incorporating a 10 μm thick Nb2O5 photoanode shows the highest efficiency of 4.48%. We analyze the factors that limit the efficiency of DSSCs. 相似文献
15.
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for the recognition of nitro derivatives are prepared from three different (thio)urea-bearing functional monomers. The binding capability of the polymers is characterized by a batch binding experiment. The imprinting factors and affinity constants (K) of the imprinted polymers exhibit the same tendency as the binding constants (Ka) of the functional monomers to the target substance in solution. Not only nitrofurantoin is efficiently bound by these MIPs but also a broad spectrum of other nitro compounds is bound with at the intermediate level, addressing that these (thio)urea-based monomers can be utilized to prepare a family of MIPs for various nitro compounds, which can be applied as recognition elements in separation and analytical application. 相似文献
16.
Electrochemical Capacitors 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The current literature sources on the electrochemical capacitors, which are divided into the film (dielectric), electrolytic, and supercapacitors, are reviewed. The supercapacitors are in turn subdivided into the double-layer capacitors, which use the EDL recharge on a highly-developed interfacial surface of electrodes; pseudocapacitors, where the charge is stored in a faradaic pseudocapacitance of sufficiently reversible redox reactions and the EDL capacitance; and hybrid capacitors, which employ a variety of electrodes. A macrokinetic theory of operation of double-layer capacitors is considered. Effect of various factors on the properties of electrodes utilized in supercapacitors is analyzed. A novel type of hybrid capacitor, which has a negative electrode of activated carbon cloth and a PbSO4/PbO2 positive electrode, is proposed. A theory of capillary equilibrium in hermetically sealed electrochemical capacitors is considered. Specific features of the application of voltammetric and impedance methods to studying electrochemical processes in supercapacitors are revealed. Characteristics of electrochemical capacitors and batteries are compared. 相似文献
17.
Zuohua Liu Haijian Feng Xing Fan Xiaoying Zhang Jun Du Guixin Cai Changyuan Tao 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2014,18(3):763-769
Low-cost ZnO-type fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) without transparent conductive oxide (TCO) were for the first time assembled through a low-temperature all-wet process, using a series of Ni-based composite fiber. Both Ni layer morphology and ZnO nano-array structure evidently influenced the performance of the corresponding DSSC. For applications in both liquid type and all-solid CuI type fiber-shaped DSSCs, the Ni-based photoanode is comparable with the Ti- or Fe-based photoanode. Our all-solid CuI type fiber-shaped DSSCs was even better than that of the reported all-solid Ti- or Fe-based devices with the same oxide thickness. Electrochemical analysis further indicated that side reactions on the electrode/electrolyte interface could be effectively suppressed after a layer of Ni plated. Even for Cu wire, of which its interfacial side reactions are too complicated for application in DSSC, the Cu/Ni composite fiber still works well. Similar technology can be used to fabricate many other low-cost and light-weight conductive fibers, which are potential photoanode materials for highly efficient TCO-less DSSCs. 相似文献
18.
Ryota Matsuoka Ryojun Toyoda Ryota Sakamoto Mizuho Tsuchiya Ken Hoshiko Tatsuhiro Nagayama Yoshiyuki Nonoguchi Kunihisa Sugimoto Eiji Nishibori Tsuyoshi Kawai Hiroshi Nishihara 《Chemical science》2015,6(5):2853-2858
One-dimensional coordination polymers (1D-CPs) tend either to dissociate into constitutive ligands and metals readily in solution, or to aggregate randomly and amorphously, which prevents them from widespread application. In the present research, 1D-CPs comprising bridging dipyrrin ligands and divalent metal ions (Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+) are synthesized. A liquid/liquid interfacial reaction gives rise to single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis: A dichloromethane solution of the ligand is layered with aqueous metal(ii) acetate, such that the coordination reaction proceeds at the liquid/liquid interface. Isolated single fibers of the zinc coordination polymer may be exfoliated from the single crystal or bulk solid upon ultrasonication. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) detects the isolated fibers with lengths of more than several μm. The exfoliated 1D-CP wires feature good processability, realizing a conjugate with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and a thin film on a transparent SnO2 electrode. The processed materials show electric conversion ability: For example, the modified SnO2 electrode serves as a photoanode for a photoelectric conversion system. The designability and tunability of the present 1D-CPs is demonstrated by a ligand modification, affording a luminescent property and an extension of the photoelectric conversion response to longer wavelengths. 相似文献
19.
Every year, a large amount of wastewater is discharged from various industries into the environment, and various methods are used to treat wastewater to reduce the amount of pollutants. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an electrochemically based technique that generates coagulant species in situ from the electrodissolution of sacrificial anodes, usually made of iron or aluminum destabilizes suspended, dissolved, or emulsified pollutants by using an electric current. It has a potential in removing various kinds of pollutants including organic and inorganic contaminants for various types of wastewater. The effectiveness of EC process depends on various parameters including pH, electrode, operation time, and current density. The goal of this study is to review the most relevant literatures that were published recently. The main challenges associated with the EC process are electrode passivation and energy consumption. EC compared with other common methods has advantages such as reducing energy consumption and reducing operating costs. 相似文献
20.
K. Trzciński M. Szkoda A. Herman A. Borowska-Centkowska A. Lisowska-Oleksiak 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2018,22(7):2095-2105
Bi3YO6, which is known as an ionic conductor, was tested here as an electrode and photoanode in contact with aqueous electrolytes. Bi3YO6 was deposited onto the Pt substrate and the such prepared electrode was polarized in various aqueous electrolytes. The optical energy band gap of the material equal to 1.89 eV was determined using the Kubelka-Munk function resulting from the UV-Vis spectrum (allowed indirect transition) and also was calculated using the semi-empirical PM7 method (3.38 eV of HOMO-LUMO energy gap). Despite the yellow color of Bi3YO6, the tested material exhibits photoelectroactivity only in the UV range of electromagnetic radiation. The anodic photocurrent characteristic for n-type metal oxide semiconductors was recorded. The electrode exhibits diffusion-controlled cathodic activity while polarized in chloride-free aqueous electrolytes. 相似文献