白光光学图象处理的基础研究及其应用研究

一、发展概况 光学信息处理近20年来发展迅速,已成为.现代光学的前沿.以美国的Cutrona,Leith, Upatricks,Stroke和 Vander Lugt,西德的Lohman,法国的Marechal以及日本的■内顺 平等为代表,在相干光的光学信息处理方面作 了相当充分的研究,作出了举世瞩目的贡献.但 是,70年代末期,人们提出了这样的问题:是 否所有光学信息处理都必须而且只能在相干光 处理系统中进行?相干光处理系统所固有的噪声能否消除或减小? 1980年前后,以美国的Leith和FrancisT.S.Yu为代表开始发展多色光的光学信息 处理.几年来的研究表明,白光光学信息处理 也能完…     

白光光学信息处理及其彩色摄影术

本文阐述了白光光学信息处理的物理基础,给出了近十年来应用所研制的仪器和设备在实际应用中取得的结果。提出了一种新型数码相机的方案和彩色档案存储的新技术并为大学高等物理提供了一个现代光学和数字图像的实验素材。     

光学信息处理讲座 第八讲 非相干光(白光)信息处理

光学信息处理在六十及七十年代的发展,主要集中在相干光处理技术上,它取得了许多重要的成果.与此同时,计算机图象处理也以惊人的速度发展着,并得到了广泛的应用.即使如此,光学信息处理仍未失去它的青春活力.其主要原因在于,光学系统对二维信号(图象)具有高容量的平行处理能力,这是计算机处理所望尘莫及的. 然而,相干光学处理的发展存在着一些根本性的障碍.因此,自七十年代后期以来,非相干光(白光)信息处理开始发展起来,并且愈来愈为人们所重视. 我们先简单说明相干光与非相干光系统的基本区别,并对相干光系统存在的主要困难进行分析,然后讨…     

量子点白光LED中内嵌式导热支架的应用

量子点白光LED中的量子点在工作温度过高时会发生热淬灭。为了降低量子点白光LED的工作温度，本文提出了一种新型的LED封装方式，即在量子点所在的发光层中加入内嵌式导热支架，从而增强发光层的散热能力。针对本文设计的内嵌导热支架的量子点白光LED(量子点薄膜支架白光LED)，分别应用热学数值模拟和光学数值模拟进行了热学性能和光学性能的评估。热学模拟结果表明量子点薄膜支架白光LED的最大工作温度比传统的量子点白光LED的最大工作温度约降低50℃；光学模拟表明该新型封装结构对LED的空间光度分布的影响较小。本文将内嵌式导热支架应用于量子点白光LED中，极大地降低了LED的最大工作温度，并基本保持了其优良的空间光度分布。     

用白光信息处理作褪色透明片的彩色复原

本文提供了用白光信息处理技术作褪色透明彩色照片彩色复原的原理和实验,其中之一是由空间编码和彩色滤波两步骤完成的,即将待处理的透明彩色片用空间编码技术编制在一张黑白感光底片上,在白光光学处理系统的傅里叶平面中对这编码的黑白片的频谱进行彩色滤波,最后在系统的输出平面给出彩色增强或复原的图象,另一种是用白光处理技术作褪色透明彩色片的彩色复原实时处理,它可供及时的直接观察并且有操作简便,成本经济和能灵活多用的特点,这两种技术为彩色图象的彩色增强和复原提供了新方法。 关键词：     

评<近代光学信息处理>一书 (宋菲君和S.Jutamulia合著,北京大学出版社出版)

《北京大学物理学丛书》第一辑中的《近代光学信息处理》一书与我们见面了．作者以简捷的笔法论述了光学信息处理的各个分支以及相关领域的基本理论及其重要的应用．书中概览了光学信息处理前沿领域的重要研究成果和本学科近期发展动向．作者的论述简明严谨、自成体系,也包括了他们自己多年来在该领域中的科学研究成果、学术贡献和独到的见解．信息光学是近代光学的一个重要的主题,而信息光学的精髓便是“近代光学信息处理”．近代光学信息处理的基础是傅里叶光学．书中的第一章非常简要地阐述了傅里叶光学基础,从二维傅里叶分析的扼要叙…     

白光信息处理的现代进展

本文讨论了作者所提出的白光信息处理系统的基本概念,以及用它在进行复数滤波、信号综合及平行光学处理诸方面的若干研究成果。这种方法既消除了相干系统中不可避免的相干噪声,又保持了相干系统所具有的运算能力。值得指出的是,它还具有相干系统所不具有的独特优点,即由于光源本身的相当广阔范围的光谱分布,对多色信号及彩色图象的处理十分有利和相当有效。它为光学信息处理展示了一个新的具有良好前景的方向。     

基于无机材料体系连续激光驱动的全光谱白光研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

全光谱白光具有和太阳光光谱接近的覆盖可见到红外连续波段的光谱特征,对光学研究具有重要意义。连续激光驱动光学活性材料的全光谱白光因其特殊的发光性能及高效的发光效率吸引了研究者广泛的研究兴趣。本文首先从有无激活中心角度对可产生全光谱白光的无机材料进行了分类总结。然后从光谱性能、温度性能及光电性能三个方面对无机材料体系中的全光谱白光的光物理过程进行了归纳分析,并对全光谱白光的应用做出了展望。最后对这一非线性光学效应的全光谱白光发光现象未来的研究方向及发展趋势进行了总结。     

荧光显微镜自组实验设计

利用光学支架、透镜、滤光片、平移台等在光学面包板上组装了荧光显微镜,组装仪器是集白光照明成像、激光激发荧光成像、荧光光谱探测等功能于一体的开放式系统.利用光学分辨率板白光照明条件下测量了荧光显微镜的空间分辨能力,采集了荧光样品CdTe/CdS量子点的荧光光谱和荧光图像.     

光学信息处理专题学术讨论会议简讯

由中国物理学会和中国科学院物理研究所联合主办的光学信息处理专题学术讨论会,在福建师范大学物理系的大力支持下于1983年8月26日至30日在厦门举行.来自全国各地17个研究单位和27所高等院校共84位代表参加了会议.他们当中的大多数是从事多年光学信息处理研究工作和将要开展这方面工作的中青年科学工作者.张洪钧、张以谟、徐大雄在全体会议上分别作了题为“光学双稳态不稳定性及与视觉系统非线性的类比”、“光学反馈”、“全息散斑空间变信息处理的研究”等专题报告.他们就光学信息处理同其它学科的联系、可能发展的方向,结合国内外情况谈…     

高光谱成像技术在果蔬品质与安全无损检测中的原理及应用

水果和蔬菜的品质与安全是消费者最为关心的问题。传统的化学检测方法是一种费时费力的破坏性检测技术。随着成像和光谱技术的快速发展,高光谱成像技术已经广泛应用于农产品品质与安全的快速无损检测中。高光谱成像技术融合了传统的成像和光谱技术的优点,可以同时获取被检测物体的空间信息和光谱信息,因此该技术既可以像检测物体的外部品质,又可以像光谱技术一样检测物体的内部品质和品质安全。目前,已经有大量的基于高光谱成像技术检测水果和蔬菜品质与安全的研究性论文发表,为了深入了解高光谱成像技术的检测原理并跟踪国内外最新的研究进展,综述了高光谱成像技术在水果和蔬菜外部品质、内部品质和品质安全检测中的原理、发展和应用。另外,还简要介绍和讨论了高光谱成像系统的构成、常用的数据分析方法、发展趋势及面临的挑战。     

基于光谱和成像技术的果蔬质量检测研究进展

为保证食品安全和消费者健康,无损检测技术广泛应用于果蔬质量检测中。光谱和图像技术可分别获取果蔬的内部和外部信息,成为质量检测的有效工具。为跟踪国内外研究进展并分析研究现况,从果蔬外部品质(尺寸、形状、表面缺陷、颜色、纹理等)、内部品质(内部缺陷、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、水分、类胡萝卜素等单一品质及综合品质)、成熟度、货架期/贮藏期、产品溯源、生长监测、安全(农药残留、病虫和细菌侵染、转基因产品等)检测及光学系统设计等方面综述了光谱和成像技术的应用,分析了存在的图谱库不完善、解混处理算法复杂、高精度和便携式的光学系统开发力度不够、校正模型的影响因素复杂等问题。然后,归纳了发展趋势,指出了各组分可视化分析及交互作用机理解析、光与果蔬组织的交互作用机理分析和光学特性参数反演等光学特性分析、科学合理的综合评价体系的建立、新算法的应用和多种算法的联合使用、不同算法的可靠性和稳定性的提高、稳定和普适模型的建立、低成本和便携式等光学分析仪器的商品化开发和商业化应用等成为进一步探索的方向,为基于光谱和成像技术的果蔬质量检测发展提供了参考。     

Human Synchronization Maps—The Hybrid Consciousness of the Embodied Mind

We examine the theoretical implications of empirical studies developed over recent years. These experiments have explored the biosemiotic nature of communication streams from emotional neuroscience and embodied mind perspectives. Information combinatorics analysis enabled a deeper understanding of the coupling and decoupling dynamics of biosemiotics streams. We investigated intraindividual and interpersonal relations as coevolution dynamics of hybrid couplings, synchronizations, and desynchronizations. Cluster analysis and Markov chains produced evidence of chimaera states and phase transitions. A probabilistic and nondeterministic approach clarified the properties of these hybrid dynamics. Thus, multidimensional theoretical models can represent the hybrid nature of human interactions.     

光谱及成像技术在果蔬损伤检测研究中的应用现状与展望

果蔬在收获、运输、贮藏、分拣、包装和销售过程中均会遭受不同程度的挤压、碰撞或摩擦,从而造成果蔬损伤,如挤伤、开裂、擦伤等外部损伤,同时,在生长过程中会产生黑心、水心、褐腐、霉心等内部损伤。果蔬损伤初期特征不明显,外观与正常果实基本无异,然而随着时间的推移,损伤组织恶化扩散,最终导致整个果实腐烂变质,又进而接触感染其他果实,造成周边甚至整箱果蔬病变,对果蔬产业造成巨大的经济损失。果蔬采后损伤检测方法多种多样,其中人工检测最为简单常用,但是该方法不仅耗时耗力,容易造成错判和漏判现象,而且无法实现肉眼不可见的皮下或内部损伤检测。近年来,随着计算机技术的快速发展,越来越多的无损检测技术被广泛应用于果蔬损伤检测,其中最为常用的当属光谱和成像技术。光谱成像技术通常结合图像处理、光谱分析、化学计量学方法、统计分析等手段,利用损伤果蔬和正常果蔬的图谱信号差异实现损伤检测,具有无损、快速等优点,能解决人工检测耗时耗力且准确率低的问题。在此主要概述了8种光谱及成像技术（近红外光谱、拉曼光谱、荧光光谱、高光谱成像、空间频域成像、核磁成像、X射线成像和热成像）在果蔬损伤检测的最新研究进展,包括检测原理及其技术特点,总结分析了各技术在果蔬损伤检测方面的应用情况,并展望未来发展趋势,以期为果蔬损伤无损检测提供借鉴与参考。     

Power ultrasound in the meat industry (freezing,cooking and fermentation): Mechanisms,advances and challenges

High intensity ultrasound (HIUS) has a wide range of applications in different sectors of food processing. It is a promising and emerging technology demonstrating the potential to promote food processes without or at least damage to the quality of products. Among the processes of the meat industry, freezing, thawing, cooking and fermentation are very sensitive and important, because they have significant effects on product quality and are also very energy and time consuming. This review paper provides an interpretation of high intensity ultrasound (HIUS) applications, a summary of recent outstanding published research and an overview of the freezing/thawing, cooking/frying and fermentation processes in meat and its products assisted by HIUS. The effects, benefits and drawbacks as well as the challenges ahead in the commercialization of this technology in the meat industry are studied. The research results confirmed that the use of HIUS in the meat freezing/thawing, cooking/frying and fermentation in combination with the corresponding processing methods demonstrates a great potential to promote the process, improve the general quality of the final product and reduce the time and energy required. However, many issues remain that require further research to address these challenges. These challenges and subsequent research that is useful for developing and increasing the efficiency of this technology have been reviewed. After the literature review, it is concluded that HIUS may be a useful technology for meat processing because of its significant effects on the quality factors and related process variables that leads to the preservation of the initial nutritional and sensory properties of meat and its products. Of course, research must be continued to eliminate the disadvantages or minimize the undesirable effects of this technology on the final product and to remove barriers to commercialization and optimization of this method.     

Nanomaterials and Water Purification: Opportunities and Challenges

Advances in nanoscale science and engineering suggest that many of the current problems involving water quality could be resolved or greatly ameliorated using nanosorbents, nanocatalysts, bioactive nanoparticles, nanostructured catalytic membranes and nanoparticle enhanced filtration among other products and processes resulting from the development of nanotechnology. Innovations in the development of novel technologies to desalinate water are among the most exciting and promising. Additionally, nanotechnology-derived products that reduce the concentrations of toxic compounds to sub-ppb levels can assist in the attainment of water quality standards and health advisories. This article gives an overview of the use of nanomaterials in water purification. We highlight recent advances on the development of novel nanoscale materials and processes for treatment of surface water, groundwater and industrial wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, radionuclides, organic and inorganic solutes, bacteria and viruses. In addition, we discuss some challenges associated with the development of cost effective and environmentally acceptable functional nanomaterials for water purification.     

某机载惯导设备原位测试仪设计

针对某机载惯导设备在外场的测试需求,设计了以PC-104为显示、控制和数据处理核心,并扩展程控数字表、多通道矩阵板,构建了原位测试仪的硬件电路。根据系统的功能要求和硬件电路特性,利用LabWindows/CVI虚拟仪器平台编制了人机接口界面和测试程序,控制硬件电路对某惯导设备的静态电阻和在线电压进行测试,并接收、分析、处理惯导原位工作时输出的实时串行数据,完成对惯导设备的静态测试和动态性能监测,实现对某机载惯导设备原位测试过程的自动化和测试结果管理的智能化,提高了测试效率和测试精度。该仪器通过改变或控制测试仪器的类别,可实现对多路信号多种性能指标的测试。应用结果表明,该测试仪具有性能稳定、操作简便、应用领域广、通用性强等特点。     

风力机叶片FRP铺层结构强度与失效预测

本文通过对一40 m商业风力机叶片进行三维建模和详细的结构铺层,在叶根挥舞极限载荷条件下研究了叶片铺层结构强度。模型重量及模态频率与试验值吻合很好;主梁帽承受较大的载荷;在主梁帽内段及叶根过渡区域纤维失效因子较大,吸力面与压力面纤维失效因子大小与受力规律不一致;主梁帽在叶根过渡处纤维(层)间失效因子较大,主梁帽靠近叶根段表现为C型失效模式,中段表现为B型失效模式,其余大部分位置表现为A型失效模式。     

Microcellular and Solid Polylactide–Flax Fiber Composites

Polylactide–flax fiber composites with 1, 10 and 20 wt% fiber were melt-compounded and subsequently molded via the conventional and microcellular injection-molding processes. Silane was used as a coupling agent. The effects of fiber and silane content on cell morphology, static and dynamic mechanical properties, and crystallization properties have been studied. The average cell size decreased while the cell density increased with the fiber content. The degree of crystallinity increased with the fiber content. Silane treatment of fibers affected neither the cell morphology nor the degree of crystallinity. The toughness and strain-at-break of solid samples decreased with the fiber content while silane treatment increased both properties; however, neither fiber content nor silane treatment had much influence on the toughness and strain-at-break of microcellular samples. The specific modulus of both solid and microcellular samples increased with the fiber content. The specific strength of the solid and microcellular PLA–flax composites were only slightly lower than that of their solid and microcellular pure PLA counterparts. Overall, the toughness, strain-at-break, and specific strength of microcellular samples were found to be lower than that of their solid counterparts. The storage modulus of the PLA–flax composites with 10 and 20% fiber contents was higher than that of pure PLA.     

Ruby Crystal for Demonstrating Time- and Frequency-Domain Methods of Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements

We present experiments that are convenient and educational for measuring fluorescence lifetimes with both time- and frequency-domain methods. The sample is ruby crystal, which has a lifetime of about 3.5 milliseconds, and is easy to use as a class-room demonstration. The experiments and methods of data analysis are used in the lab section of a class on optical spectroscopy, where we go through the theory and applications of fluorescence. Because the fluorescence decay time of ruby is in the millisecond region, the instrumentation for this experiment can be constructed easily and inexpensively compared to the nanosecond-resolved instrumentation required for most fluorescent compounds, which have nanosecond fluorescence lifetimes. The methods are applicable to other luminescent compounds with decay constants from microseconds and longer, such as transition metal and lanthanide complexes and phosphorescent samples. The experiments, which clearly demonstrate the theory and methods of measuring temporally resolved fluorescence, are instructive and demonstrate what the students have learned in the lectures without the distraction of highly sophisticated instrumentation.