基于光谱和成像技术的果蔬质量检测研究进展

为保证食品安全和消费者健康，无损检测技术广泛应用于果蔬质量检测中。光谱和图像技术可分别获取果蔬的内部和外部信息，成为质量检测的有效工具。为跟踪国内外研究进展并分析研究现况，从果蔬外部品质(尺寸、形状、表面缺陷、颜色、纹理等)、内部品质(内部缺陷、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、水分、类胡萝卜素等单一品质及综合品质)、成熟度、货架期/贮藏期、产品溯源、生长监测、安全(农药残留、病虫和细菌侵染、转基因产品等)检测及光学系统设计等方面综述了光谱和成像技术的应用，分析了存在的图谱库不完善、解混处理算法复杂、高精度和便携式的光学系统开发力度不够、校正模型的影响因素复杂等问题。然后，归纳了发展趋势，指出了各组分可视化分析及交互作用机理解析、光与果蔬组织的交互作用机理分析和光学特性参数反演等光学特性分析、科学合理的综合评价体系的建立、新算法的应用和多种算法的联合使用、不同算法的可靠性和稳定性的提高、稳定和普适模型的建立、低成本和便携式等光学分析仪器的商品化开发和商业化应用等成为进一步探索的方向，为基于光谱和成像技术的果蔬质量检测发展提供了参考。

Application of Spectral and Imaging Technique to Detect Quality and Safety of Fruits and Vegetables: A Review

In this paper, spectral and imaging technique were used as effective tools of evaluation for quality of fruits and vegetables, in order to ensure safety of food and health of consumers. In addition, external information was acquired by imaging technique, internal information was acquired by spectral technique. In order to track national and international progress of research, application of spectral and imaging technique was summarized, including prediction of external quality (surface defect, colour, etc.), internal quality (single or comprehensive quality), maturity, shelf-life and storage period, tracing back to the source, growing monitoring , safety (pesticide residue, infestation of diseases and pests, recognition of transgenic product, etc.) and design of optical systems. Afterwards, some problems were analyzed, such as the weakness of spectral libraries, complex algorithm of analyses for mixed data, intricate factors of calibration model, an so on. Finally, the trend of development was discussed. This review indicated that the following aspects were identified as direction of future research, including visualization analysis of constituents, establishing scientific system of comprehensive evaluation, analyzing the mechanism of interaction between different compositions, application of optical theories and properties(analyzing the mechanism of interaction between the light and tissue of fruits and vegetables, inversions of optical parameter, etc.) , application of new algorithms and the combination of many algorithms, enhancing dependability and stabilization of different algorithms, the establishment of stable and universal model, the commercial development and application of low-cost as well as handheld optical instruments. This review shows spectral and imaging technique have the potential to assess quality and safety of fruits and vegetables.