具有Dawson结构的钼钒磷杂多酸的制备和性质研究

本文报道用改良的分步处理合成方法, 直接制备了五种未见报道的2:18系列钼钒磷杂多酸, 详细考察了它们的生成条件. 经元素分析、电位滴定和差热热重分析确定阴离子的组成分别为[P2Mo17VO62]^7^-,[P2Mo16V2O62]^8^-,[P2Mo15V3O62]^9^-, [P2Mo14V4O62H2]^8^-, [P2Mo13V5O62H2]^9^-. 对五种杂多酸的热化学性质和碱度进行了讨论. 根据紫外、红外及X射线衍射结果讨论了它们的结构, 表明都属于具有Dawson结构的杂多化合物.     

两亲聚离子液体-钒掺杂杂多酸离子复合体催化的苯氧化羟化

以N,N-二甲基烯丙基胺、1-氯乙酸、Well-Dawson构型H7[P2Mo17VO62]、,H8[P2Mo16 V2O62],、H9[P2Mo15 V3 O62]为起始原料,经季铵化、自由基聚合、分子自组装构建了三种两亲聚离子液体-钒掺杂杂多酸离子复合体PPIL-1 ～3,离子复合体集两亲活性、氧化催化活性和多孔性与一体,以其为非均相催化剂,工业级30％过氧化氢为氧化剂,在温和反应条件下,实现了苯一步氧化羟化制备苯酚.当离子复合体用量为0.1g,苯10mmol,过氧化氢20mmol,以15mL乙腈为溶剂,反应温度60℃,反应时间4h,苯酚产率37.3％.离子复合体经离心分离、溶剂洗涤、真空干燥即可再生循环使用,循环使用6次,催化活性基本保持不变.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Inhibition Effects of Vanadium Substituted Dawson-type Heteropoly Acids(Mo, P)

Four new vanadium substituted Dawson-type heteropoly acids H7[P2Mo17VO62]·39H2O(1), H8[P2Mo16V2O62]·41H2O(2), H9[P2Mo15V3O62]·51H2O(3) and H8[P2Mo14V4O62H2]·45H2O(4) were prepared respec-tively. Their structures were determined by IR and ICP. The inhibition effects of vanadium substituted Dawson-type heteropoly acids(Mo, P) on free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA) were investigated by dilatometry. The results show that the rate of the polymerization of MMA decreases and the inhibition effe...     

Dawson型磷钼钒杂多酸催化合成1,3-二噁戊烷的研究

考察了Dawson型磷钼钒杂多酸和各种结构反应底物对1，3-二噁戊烷合成催化活性的影响．研究表明：H6P2Mo17VO62的催化效果最好，反应条件温和，环氧化物的转化率接近100％，1，3-二噁戊烷的选择性在90％以上。     

磷钼杂多化合物湿法氧化脱硫动态特性研究

采用动态氧化还原电位监测法与尾气H2S浓度监测法,较为系统地研究了磷钼杂多化合物体系的脱硫动态特性,结果表明：磷钼酸钠（NaHPA)对H2S具有较好的脱除效果,空气对磷钼酸钠有很好的再生效果,磷钼酸钠杂多化合物体系的脱硫性能与其组成密切相关－NaCl能加速体系再生,Na2CO3能提高体系对H2S的吸收速率,NaVO3对脱硫体系的贡献表现在对再生过程的催化剂作用和对H2S的辅助吸收,体系的脱硫性能随温度提高而有所降低,随进气H2S浓度提高而相应降低,随吸收剂浓度提高而显著增加,最后,在单因素作用规律基础上,通过正交试验得到复配体系与比为：NaHPA:NaVO3:Na2CO3:Nacl=1:1:0.377:5.472.     

新型钒取代杂多酸电荷转移盐的合成和表征

以不同钒取代的Danson结构的杂多磷钼酸为电子受体 ,N ,N 二甲苯胺为电子给体合成了两种新型电荷转移盐配合物 8C8H11N·H8P2 Mo16V2 O62 ·3C3 H7NO·5H2 O和 8C8H11N·H10 P2 Mo14 V4O62 ·4C3 H7NO。并用元素分析、红外光谱、固体漫反射电子光谱等进行了表征。结果表明 :有机电子给体与杂多酸阴离子间有强烈的相互作用 ,配合物在光激发下发生分子内的电荷转移 ,导致有机阳离子的氧化和杂多阴离子的还原。ESR测试结果显示 ,杂多阴离子的还原反应处于单电子还原阶段 ,阴离子中VV 还原为VⅣ     

Dowson型钼钒磷杂多酸催化H2O2氧化蒽制备蒽醌

合成了5种Dowson型杂多酸催化剂(Pn),并用于催化H2O2氧化蒽制备蒽醌的反应.结果表明Hs[P2Mo14V4O62H2](P5)的催化活性最好.最佳的氧化反应条件为:蒽5.6 mmol,n(蒽):n(H2O2)=1:11,P530 mg,溶剂正丁醇,于70 ℃反应1 h,产率达93.2%.     

用醇还原VOPO4·2H2O制备的VOHPO4·0.5H2O的择优取向性能

 研究了用醇还原VOPO4·2H2O制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O的晶面择优\r\n取向现象及其在正丁烷和空气混合气体中活化后,产物（VO）2P2O7的\r\n晶面择优暴露对正丁烷氧化制顺酐性能的影响．以伯醇还原VOPO4·2H\r\n2O制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O晶体,晶面择优取向于（220）面,晶型为玫\r\n瑰状或扭曲的片状聚集体;活化后的产物仅含（VO）2P2O7相,其（02\r\n0）晶面择优暴露．以仲醇还原VOPO4·2H2O制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O晶\r\n体,晶面择优取向于（001）面,晶型为平板片状体;活化后的产物由\r\n（VO）2P2O7,VOPO4和无定形相组成,其中（VO）2P2O7相含量低,其\r\n（020）晶面暴露少．由苄醇、环己醇和3－甲基－3庚醇还原VOPO4·2\r\nH2O制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O的XRD谱与用仲醇制备的相似．用一般方法\r\n（V2O5／异丁醇／H3PO4）制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O晶体不具有晶面择优\r\n取向性质,活化后得到的（VO）2P2O7的结晶度较低．由正辛醇还原VO\r\nPO4·2H2O制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O经活化后,对正丁烷氧化制顺酐的催\r\n化性能优于用仲辛醇和一般方法制备的VOHPO4·0．5H2O．     

双核钒酰腙配合物[VO(C_(14)H_(10)N_2O_2]_2(μ-O)的合成与表征

钒是对人体有益的微量元素 ,它与胆固醇的合成、牙齿和骨骼的矿化及糖和酯类的新陈代谢等有密切关系 [1] .由于多数腙类配体是以氮和氧为配位原子 ,与生物环境比较接近 [2～ 6] ,因此研究钒腙配合物的合成、结构与性质的关系十分重要 .本文报道双核钒酰腙配合物 [VO(C14 H10 N2 O2 ) ]2(μ- O)的合成、结构表征及氧化还原性质 .VO (acac) 2 按文献 [7]方法合成 .水杨醛苯甲酰腙 (H2 L)由等摩尔的水杨醛和苯甲酰肼在乙醇中反应制得 .其它试剂均为市售分析纯试剂 .将等摩尔的 VO(acac) 2 和腙配体 H2 L 溶于氯仿中 ,室温搅拌 1 5min.过…     

具有Dawson结构的钼钒磷杂多酸氧化还原性质的研究

通过SnCl₂电位滴定、极谱和循环伏安方法,详细研究了2:18系列钼钒磷杂多酸H_(6+n)[P₂Mo^13-nV_nO₆₂]·xH₂O(n=1～3)和H^_4+n[P₂Mo_18-nV_nO₆₂H₂]·xH₂O(n=4,5)在溶液中的氧化还原性质,证实它们的还原为三步分别加合n,2,2个电子,同时加合n,2,2个质子的过程,总结了循环伏安峰电位与pH的关系,提出了还原机理。     

脱硫化氢活性炭的再生方法研究

采用了溶剂再生法和气体再生法对脱硫化氢失活后的活性炭进行再生,溶剂再生时所用的溶剂为H2O2溶液、HNO3溶液以及NaOH溶液。结果表明,NaOH溶液不能使活性炭得到再生,而H2O2溶液、HNO3溶液能够通过氧化的方法使活性炭得到再生。气体再生时所用的气体分别为高纯N2,含20%O2的N2,H2,它们再生的原理分别是热再生,通过氧化单质硫再生和通过还原单质硫再生。再生效果最好的是30%的HNO3溶液和H2,它们能将活性炭孔道内的单质硫分别脱出69.8%和81.2%,再生后的活性炭中硫容量能达到原来的70%以上。再生后活性炭的比表面积和pH值是再生性能的两个重要指标。     

Chemistry of organic traces in air,XI: Sources and variations of volatile halocarbons in rural and urban air in Southern Germany

The variations of concentrations of volatile halocarbons (CHCl₃, CCl₄, CH₂Cl—CH₂Cl, CCl₃—CH₃, CHCl—CCl₂, and CCl₂=CCl₂) in rural and urban air are demonstrated by two series of air sampling carried out in Southern Germany. The interpretation of the changes in concentrations for the individual compounds is based on specific local input for the chlorinated solvents and on changing weather conditions during the sampling periods.Dedicated to Professor J. F. K. Huber on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

大同市居民对室内空气质量认知程度的调查

为了解大同市居民对室内空气质量的认知情况，并分析认知程度与教育的关系，于2016年3月至5月，在大同市城区的9个社区随机对居民进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括居民对室内空气质量安全知识的了解，检测室内空气质量的意愿和治理意愿3个方面。将居民所处地域、居民的年龄与学历对室内空气质量安全认知程度的影响分别进行统计学分析。结果表明，大同市居民室内空气质量安全认知程度总体得分15.8，得分率为52.7%；新城区的居民对室内空气质量安全认知水平高于老城区居民（p<0.05）；学历越高且越年轻的居民对室内空气质量安全的认知水平越高，寻求有关机构进行室内空气检测和治理的意愿更强烈，且对检测和治理的费用承受度较高。大同市居民对室内空气质量安全认知程度总体不高，还应加强对市民的室内空气质量安全方面的教育。     

电渗析法再生离子交换树脂的进展

文章介绍了电渗析法再生离子交换树脂原理和适用的工艺流程。长期以来此法因电流效率低下而阻碍了其工业应用。最近此法在流程上作了变化，并在处理含铜废液的实验设备上取得了成功，电流效率提高到30～40％。这是进一步推广应用此法的可喜进展。     

24小时连续采样—分光光度法监测空气中SO2的不确定度评定

本文基于HJ194-2005和HJ482-2009,建立了分光光度法监测空气中SO2不确定度的数学模型,分析了在24 h连续采样、手工分析方法监测空气中SO2过程中,影响监测结果不确定度的因素(如温度、大气压、仪器流量、容量器皿刻度精度等),并对其影响进行了量化评估,得出了环境空气中SO2监测过程中的不确定度。     

煤质活性炭的光催化再生

 研究了利用光催化氧化降解反应实现饱和吸附苯酚的煤质活性炭光催化再生的可行性，并分析了活性炭的光催化再生机理．结果表明，在一定条件下可以实现活性炭的光催化再生．在Ag－TiO2负载量为1．9％，pH＝13，θ＝70℃，t＝72h的再生条件下，活性炭的再生率可达 78．4％．在光照条件下，光催化剂作为有机物的降解中心而造成活性炭内外吸附苯酚的浓度差是活性炭光催化再生的主要驱动力．     

New phosphorylated derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose with osteogenic activity

New phosphorylated derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and amidic CMC were realized using trisodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) as the phosphating agent. The new polysaccharides were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The characterized polysaccharides were then crosslinked and their rheological and swelling properties determined. The presence of phosphate groups made the three‐dimensional structures more compact and harder than the corresponding non‐phosphated hydrogels. Evaluation of the bioactivity of phosphorylated hydrogels toward osteoblast‐like cells (MG63) showed a significant increase in the osteocalcin production. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FT-IR study of coked HY zeolite regeneration using oxygen or ozone

Two zeolites were coked using cyclohexene at 620 K; one had a low Si/Al_f ratio (HY), the other was ultrastabilized (HYS). It was found that oxygen regeneration occurred at 770 K or above, whereas ozone was effective at 450 K or less,e.g. under conditions such that the HY sample was still thermally stable.     

A Fractional Factorial Design Applied to the Optimization of Microwave- and Ultrasound-Assisted Acid Leaching Methods for Heavy Metals Determination in Sludges by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

The sampling performance of C₁₈ cartridges coated with DNPH has been studied for twenty four C₁-C₉ carbonyls in experiments involving sampling of parts per billion levels of carbonyls in urban air. indoor air and laboratory experiments. The cartridge background carbonyl content in thirty six batches of cartridges averaged 85, 137 and 155 nanogram/cartridge for formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone, respectively, and was below analytical detection for all other carbonyls. Carbonyl-DNPH derivative recovery from the cartridge was complete in the first elution with 2 mL acetonitrile, and this for twenty four carbonyls at concentrations of 0.02–73 μg carbonyl/cartridge. Studies carried out using two cartridges in series showed no breakthrough, for the sixteen carbonyls tested, at concentrations of 0.10–49 μg carbonyl/cartridge and volumes of air sampled = 6–370 L. Average relative standard deviations (RSD) for replicate analyses were 0.20–13.2% for twenty one carbonyls. Average RSD for co-located samples were 0.9–16.2% for eighteen carbonyls. Comparison of RSD for replicates and RSD for co-located samples for thirteen carbonyls indicated that the overall method precision was limited by sampling precision rather than by analytical precision.     

A Mechanistic Overview of the Current Status and Future Challenges in Air Cathode for Aluminum Air Batteries

Aluminum air batteries (AABs) are a desirable option for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles (EVs) due to their high theoretical energy density (8100 Wh K⁻¹), low cost, and high safety compared to state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, numerous unresolved technological and scientific issues are preventing AABs from expanding further. One of the key issues is the catalytic reaction kinetics of the air cathode as the fuel (oxygen) for AAB is reduced there. Additionally, the performance and price of an AAB are directly influenced by an air electrode integrated with an oxygen electrocatalyst, which is thought to be the most crucial element. In this study, we covered the oxygen chemistry of the air cathode as well as a brief discussion of the mechanistic insights of active catalysts and how they catalyze and enhance oxygen chemistry reactions. There is also extensive discussion of research into electrocatalytic materials that outperform Pt/C such as nonprecious metal catalysts, metal oxide, perovskites, metal-organic framework, carbonaceous materials, and their composites. Finally, we provide an overview of the present state, and possible future direction for air cathodes in AABs.