乳状液膜法分离水中汞的研究

报道了用乳状液膜法分离汞的研究。确定了最佳分离条件；流动载体TBP（磷酸三丁酯）和表面活性剂Span80的浓度均9％，内相溶液NaOH和外相溶液HCl的浓度分别为0.4mol/L和0.02mol/L，制乳时间和混合时间分别为10min和5min，乳水比和油内比分别为0．5和0．8。     

谷氨酸在Span80-AOT-APS体系中的迁移行为

报道了谷氨酸在乳状液膜体系中的迁移行为,采用失水山梨醇单油酸酯(span80)-乙基己基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(AOT)为表面活性剂,对氨基苯磺酸(APS)为载体,煤油为膜溶剂,氯化钾为内相试剂.讨论了制乳时间和乳液与外相混合时间、表面活性剂和流动载体浓度、内相试剂浓度、水乳比和油内比对分离效果的影响.确定了最佳分离条件为制乳...     

鼠李糖脂应用于微乳毛细管电动色谱快速测定化妆品中激素类物质

采用生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂建立了无需助表面活性剂的微乳体系,并应用于微乳毛细管电动色谱快速分析化妆品中皮质类激素泼尼松、泼尼松龙和氢化可的松。考察了pH值、鼠李糖脂浓度、离子强度、油相种类和浓度、分离温度、分离电压及进样电压和时间的影响,得出微乳体系最佳组成为0.1%(w/w)鼠李糖脂+0.8%(w/w)正庚烷+99.1%(w/w)硼砂缓冲液(80 mmol/L,pH 9.2)。分离温度20℃,分离电压20kV,电动进样10 kV×3 s,泼尼松、氢化可的松和泼尼松龙在9.4 min内可基线分离。重复进样7次,迁移时间和峰面积的RSD分别小于0.2%和5.0%。3种分析物线性范围均为5～100 mg/L;检出限分别为1.0,1.1和1.3 mg/L(S/N=3)。仅需简单萃取即可用于化妆品样品测定,回收率为81.6%～108%;RSD均小于4.8%。     

高效毛细管电泳电导检测对阴离子表面活性剂分离测定的研究

以Ca2 +为分离介质 ,甲酰胺为添加剂 ,通过对缓冲体系、缓冲液浓度、酸度、Ca2 +浓度、甲酰胺浓度、电泳电压和进样时间的优化选择 ,用毛细管电泳 -电导检测法分离了十二烷基硫酸钠(K12)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS) ;在10mmol/LTris -11mmol/LCit(pH4.5)运行缓冲液中 ,上述两组分在16min内完全分离 ;K12和LAS的线性范围分别为5.0×10-6～8.0×10-3 mol/L和5.0×10-6 ～5.0×10-3 mol/L ;检出限(S/N=3)分别为2.5×10-6 和3.0×10-6 mol/L,应用于合成洗衣粉样和合成水样中K12 和LAS测定 ,结果令人满意。     

镍在乳状液膜体系中的迁移行为

研究了镍在乳状液膜分离体系中的迁移行为。在此分离体系中,以煤油作为膜溶剂,span80为表面活性剂,磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为载体。详细讨论了制乳时间和混合时间、span80和TBP浓度、乳水比和油内比、内相NH。和外相HCl的浓度对镍迁移率的影响,确立了最佳分离条件。     

以TTA—TBPO为协同流动载体的液膜法富集钪(Ⅲ)

提出用TTA-TBPO为协同流动载体的乳状液膜分离它集抗（Ⅲ）的方法。其最佳液膜体系的组成为4％Span80.5％TTA、3％TBPO、4％液体石蜡、84％煤油和内相水溶液（4mol/L），最优实验条件，提取钪（Ⅲ）的外相试液为pH=1．3～2．3，Roi（油内比）为1：1，Rew（乳水比）为20：100。本法用于分离富集稀土元素中的微量钪（Ⅲ），其回收率可达99．1％以上，相对标准偏差为3．5％以下，结果十分满意。     

乳状液膜法分离水中镉

本文报道了用乳状液膜法分离镉的研究。在此分离体系中,以煤油作为膜溶剂,span80为表面活性剂,磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为载体,液体石蜡为膜增强剂。详细讨论了制乳时间、混合时间、搅拌速度,span80、TBP以及液体石蜡的浓度,乳水比和油内比,内相氨水和外相HCl溶液的浓度对分离的影响,确立了最佳分离条件。     

反相可切换亲水性溶剂液－液微萃取/电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定变压器油中铜和铁离子含量

以电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP－MS）为检测手段,研究了反相可切换亲水性溶剂液－液微萃取（SHS－LLME）同时分离富集变压器绝缘油中Cu2+和Fe3+的方法。优化的萃取条件为：以50 μL三乙胺（TEA）萃取25 mL变压器油样,0.60 mol/L硝酸溶液为触发剂,TEA和HNO3摩尔比为1∶1.5,涡旋萃取反应5 min,亲水切换反应5 min,经离心分离后,取水萃取相直接进样测定。变压器油中Cu2+和Fe3+的质量浓度在0.100～10.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性系数（r2）均为0.999 6,检出限分别为16.8 ng/L和29.0 ng/L,富集倍数分别为23.7和24.1倍。对模拟老化变压器油样中Cu2+和Fe3+的含量进行测定,其加标回收率为93.3%～112%,相对标准偏差（n = 6）为3.6%～5.6%。该文所建立的样品前处理方法与现行标准所用的灰化法无显著性差异,可实现老化变压器油中痕量Cu2+和Fe3+的同时测定。     

微波衍生-离子对高效液相-磺化四苯基卟啉光度法同时测定痕量镍、铜、锰和锌

 用磺化四苯基卟啉 (TPPS4 )作柱前衍生试剂 ,在微波作用下进行衍生反应 ,研究了衍生和分离Ni2 + ,Mn2 + ,Zn2 + 和Cu2 + 的最佳条件。在 75 0W的微波作用下衍生反应 3min ,在C18柱上采用乙腈 水 (体积比为 2 2 5∶77 5 )体系作流动相 ,四乙基溴化铵 (TEABr)作离子对试剂 ,在 415nm处检测 ,建立了微波衍生 离子对高效液相快速分离、光度检测Ni2 + ,Mn2 + ,Zn2 + 和Cu2 + 的新方法。络合物和反应试剂在 15min内出峰完毕。Zn2 + ,Cu2 + ,Ni2 + 和Mn2 + 的检测限分别为 0 0 5 μg/L ,0 0 1μg/L ,0 10 μg/L和 0 40 μg/L。     

碳点-荧光桃红荧光共振能量转移体系在铜离子检测中的应用研究

在pH 8.4的溶液中,碳量子点(Carbon quantum dots,CQDs)和荧光桃红(Fluorescent pink,FP)之间发生荧光共振而使后者的荧光增强。体系中加入痕量Cu2+后,FP的荧光被猝灭,且在一定范围内体系的荧光猝灭程度与Cu2+浓度呈良好的线性关系。据此建立了荧光猝灭法测定河水、农田水、自来水中痕量Cu2+的新方法。方法的线性范围为9.42~23.55μmol/L,检出限(3σ/k)为3.14μmol/L。将该方法应用于河水、农田水及自来水中Cu2+的检测,其相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于0.91%,加标回收率为98.7%~99.0%,结果令人满意。     

铜在乳状液膜体系中的迁移行为

近年来膜分离技术在环境治理方面得到广泛应用。本文研究了铜在span80-TBP（磷酸三丁酯）-煤油-NH3液膜分离体系中的迁移行为。用TBP作为载体,在溶液中迁移时,在外相与膜相界面上形成中性络合物后穿过膜相,在膜相与内相界面上络合物再与NH3反应,生成铜氨络离子,释放出来的TBP又返回膜相。     

乳状液膜法分离水中的铬

乳状液膜法由于其独特的物理化学性质,已广泛用于金属离子的萃取分离[1～3]。本文以span80-煤油-NaOH液膜体系分离水中铬。不加流动载体,利用内、外相中被分离物的浓度梯度实现物质迁移。当Cr2O2-7进入内相时,与内相的NaOH发生反应,在内相高浓度的NaOH存在下,可保持Cr2O2-7在液膜两侧有最大的浓度梯度,促使Cr2O2-7的迁移,实现Cr2O2-7与外相溶液的分离。1　实验部分1 1　仪器与试剂D40-1型电动搅拌器(杭州仪表电机厂),78-1型磁力加热搅拌器(江苏金坛新一佳仪器厂),721型分光光度计(上海第三分析仪器厂)。铬标准溶液(100ml/L):准…     

乳状液膜体系分离锌(Ⅱ)

研究了span80(失水山梨醇单油酸脂)-SDS(十二烷基磺酸钠)与span80-AOT(2-乙基己基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠)两种乳状液膜体系对锌(Ⅱ)分离效果的比较。分别讨论了液膜体系中表面活性剂和内相试剂浓度、乳水比和油内比对锌(Ⅱ)去除率的影响。试验了锌(Ⅱ)与共存组分的分离。     

离心系数表征丙烯酰胺反相乳液的稳定性

用丙烯酰胺反相乳液经离心处理后保留的乳液体积与原乳液体积之比（离心系数Vr）考察了丙烯酰胺及其衍生物反相乳液的稳定性。 结果表明,离心系数Vr越大,其乳液的稳定性越好。 在高速离心条件下,由Span80/Span85和Tween80构成的丙烯酰胺及其衍生物反相乳液的Vr与油相质量分数存在正相关的关系。 在油相质量分数确定的情况下,离心系数Vr不仅与3种表面活性剂构成的亲水亲油平衡值（HLB）有关,而且与丙烯酰胺及其衍生物的浓度和类型有关。 HLB值在4.20左右时,乳液是稳定的;随丙烯酸氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DAC）在水相中质量分数的提高,反相乳液稳定性增强,w(DAC)＞24%时可得到稳定乳液。 在15000 r/min离心3 min,Vr=0.95以上的丙烯酰胺及其衍生物反相乳液很稳定,静置半年仍未出现分层现象。     

The Role of Internal Droplet Size on Emulsion Stability and the Extraction Performance of Kraft Lignin Removal from Pulping Wastewater in Emulsion Liquid Membrane Process

It has been discovered that the size of internal droplets in primary emulsion determines emulsion dispersion and stability in emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process for removal of lignin from pulping wastewater. Generally, primary emulsion contains kerosene, Aliquat 336, sodium bicarbonate, as well as Span 80 as diluent, carrier, internal phase, and surfactant, respectively. Hence, this study had looked into the parameters, including concentration of surfactant, carrier, and stripping agent; emulsification speed and time; as well as agitation speed and time. As a result, the diameter of the smallest droplets (1.4 µm) was formed with maximum lignin extraction (95%), minimum swelling (5%) at 3% (w/v) surfactant concentration, 12,000 rpm of emulsification within 5 minutes, 0.01 M of Aliquat 336, 0.1 M of NaHCO_3, and 250 rpm of extraction within 10 minutes.     

Extraction of cadmium from aqueous solutions by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) using three different carriers dissolved in a 70:30 ratio of sunflower oil to kerosene

This study explores the use of novel green emulation liquid membranes (GELMs) for the simultaneous extraction and stripping of Cd (II) from aqueous solutions. A solute is transported through the membrane due to the presence of the carrier and then concentrated in the internal phase. Soybean, sunflower, corn, and canola oils were used to form green substitutes to petroleum-based organic diluents for use as GELMs. Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (D2EHPA), tri-butyl- phosphate (TBP), and trioctylamine (TOA) were the extractants, span 80 was the emulsifier, and HCl or H₂SO₄ was used as the stripping agent. The best conditions for maximum extraction efficiency (98.68%), stripping efficiency (97.14%), and lowest membrane breakage (0.9%) were achieved using a mixture of sunflower oil and kerosene in the ratio of 70:30. The other optimum values of the variables were: 2% (v/v) Span 80, 10 min emulsification time, 12700 rpm emulsification speed, 400 rpm of agitation speed, 5% (v/v) D2EHPA, an external phase pH was 3.5, an internal phase of 0.25 M HCl, and 5:1 of the treat ratio (external phase to emulsion) at 10 min contact time. The synthesized membrane was reused eight times, with approximately the same efficiency and no significant breakage during the first seven cycles.     

Synchronized extraction and purification of L-lactic acid from fermentation broth by emulsion liquid membrane technique

This study aims to investigate the recovery of L-lactic acid from fermentation broth by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM), made up of sunflower oil as the diluent, Sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) as the surfactant, Aliquat 336 as the carrier, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution as the internal aqueous phase. Particularly, the ELM process was properly set up, through the identification of the optimal ELM operating parameters on the final extraction efficiency of L-lactic acid, including Span 80 concentration, NaOH concentration, Aliquat 336 concentration, stirring speed, phase ratio, and treatment ratio. The obtained results showed that the extraction efficiency of L-lactic acid reached up to 99% under the following optimal conditions: 10 minutes after contact time, 4% w/w Span 80, 3% w/w Aliquat 336, 0.1?N solution of NaOH, stirring speed of 300?rpm, phase ratio 1, and treatment ratio 0.25. A stable system without considerable emulsion swelling and breakage was monitored using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) apparatus for the selected optimal ELM operating parameters.