雷达波吸收剂的包覆改性设计

从电磁场理论出发，建立了包覆改性吸收剂等效电磁参数模型，初步得到了磁性吸收剂经介电改性后外包覆层和内层材料相对体积分数对损耗性能和特性阻抗的影响规律；以此为基础，进行了包覆改性吸收剂的结构设计；采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了包覆改性吸收剂，实验测试了样品的电磁参数，同理论预测结果进行了比较，表明理论预测的电磁参数频谱特性同实际测试结果比较接近. 关键词： 包覆改性吸收剂 等效电磁参数     

基于材料反射率谐振特性测试电磁参数的自由空间法

自由空间法具有非接触、非破坏性测试特点,适于材料的电磁参数测试．根据材料反射率扫频测试的特性,提出了一种基于谐振特性测试材料电磁参数的新的自由空间法．通过理论分析,研究了发生相消和相长干涉的条件,给出了应用干涉位置和材料厚度测试材料介电常数实部的理论计算公式．利用谐振峰,谷的位置及其相互关系可以计算材料介电常数虚部,而利用波谷比值法比驻波比值法容易达到更高的计算精度．     

磁电耦合超材料本构矩阵获取方法的研究

单负(仅介电常数或仅磁导率小于零)超材料以及由导线-开口谐振环组成的双负超材料本构参数的提取通常采用传统的S参数方法. 由于磁电耦合超材料存在交叉极化现象, 仅用介电常数和磁导率两个本构参数无法准确描述其电磁特性. 传统的S参数提取方法一开始就假定超材料仅具有介电常数和磁导率两个本构参数, 所以采用该方法提取磁电耦合超材料本构参数存在明显局限性. 将磁电耦合超材料中的电元件和磁元件分别等效为面电流和面磁流, 通过推导平均电通密度和磁通密度与外加电磁场的相互关系, 从理论上获取了磁电耦合超材料2×2 的本构参数矩阵, 确定了磁电耦合超材料这四个本构参数与磁元件的磁导率、电元件的介电常数、空间色散项和耦合系数之间的关系解析公式, 进而获得了折射率理论计算公式. 利用该折射率公式对折射率提取值进行了非线性拟合, 发现提取值和理论值之间的误差很小, 这个结果很好地验证了所给出的本构矩阵解析式和折射率公式的正确性. 根据拟合结果, 获得了磁电耦合超材料本构矩阵中四个电磁参数的频率响应曲线. 所提出的磁电耦合超材料本构矩阵参数获取方法将为研究磁电超材料中电元件和磁元件的耦合现象提供重要的理论参考.     

直线加速器Kanthal合金高功率同轴负载设计及功率分布

 为满足辐照直线加速器的小型化需求,提出利用同轴负载代替波导式负载结构的方案,其关键技术是利用涂敷在加速腔内壁的微波吸收材料直接吸收剩余微波功率。针对面吸收型负载材料Kanthal(Fe-Cr-Al)合金,采用2π/3模式6腔2周期谐振腔结构,运用CST仿真进行S波段同轴负载设计。对涂层涂敷位置及面积对负载腔工作频率和品质因子的影响进行了详细的仿真分析,并得到了满足2 856 MHz工作频率的腔体尺寸补偿值;设计了一种6腔2周期同轴负载,单路衰减可达-18.63 dB。吸波涂层及腔体铜壁表面功率损耗密度的计算结果表明,腔体周向功率损耗呈均匀分布,阑片表面呈抛物线型分布。     

超低折射率特异材料天线

采用金属网格和泡沫材料实现低折射率材料媒质,并对其参数进行了优化,辐射源采用单极天线,制作了样机。利用HFSS电磁仿真软件对应用低折射率材料媒质天线与传统天线的方向性进行了对比研究,并研究了辐射源的参数对定向天线的性能影响。对样机进行了测试,测试结果与仿真结果比较吻合,与传统天线相比较,基于超低折射率特异材料的天线方向性明显提高。因此,选择适当电磁参数的超低折射率特异材料,用于定向天线的设计,可以改变传统天线的设计。     

基于阻抗模拟的等效电磁参数研究

为能够较好的计算混合介质等效复介电常数和复磁导率, 提出了一种基于等效电路理论的阻抗模拟方法.导出了材料的电磁参数与材料容抗、感抗之间的对应关系, 并建立了能够较完整、精确地刻画实际复合材料的模型.通过求解混合介质的等效阻抗, 进一步反演其等效电磁参数.将计算结果与经典理论公式以及基于有限差分的数值方法进行了比较, 结果都符合得很好, 说明该方法可以用于计算材料的等效电磁参数.另外, 引入薄膜层结构来刻画表面效应等因素, 使得计算结果更加符合实验结果, 弥补了经典公式在这方面的不足, 同时也体现了该方法在刻画实际模型时所具有的优势. 关键词： 等效电磁参数 阻抗模拟 等效电路 混合介质     

同轴快沿脉冲源研制与测试

 利用脉冲高压陶瓷电容器和高气压小间隙开关，研制了60 kV同轴式高压快沿脉冲源。利用自行研制的薄膜式电容分压器和同轴式电阻分压器对快沿脉冲源的输出参数进行测量，分析了薄膜式电容分压器的测试原理，对电容分压中二级电阻分压器元件的参数进行了优化。当脉冲源负载为50 W时，测得脉冲源输出电压的前沿小于2.3 ns，半高宽约28 ns，符合IEC电磁脉冲的最新标准。     

多晶铁纤维吸收剂微波电磁参数的各向异性研究

由麦克斯韦方程出发,导出了多晶铁纤维吸收剂微波电磁参数的理论计算公式,通过数值分析,阐述了多晶铁纤维吸收剂微波电磁参数的各向异性.通过纤维取向样品的制备和测试,实验验证了电磁参数的各向异性.理论和实验研究均表明,多晶铁纤维吸收剂的微波电磁参数具有明显的形状各向异性,其轴向磁导率大于径向磁导率,轴向介电常数大于径向介电常数. 关键词：     

腔体内传输线耦合的电磁仿真软件与传输线方程的混合算法

研究了一种有限积分法软件与传输线方程相结合的混合算法,用于解决复杂电磁环境下屏蔽腔体内传输线的电磁耦合问题。利用有限积分法软件实现屏蔽腔体的建模,仿真得到腔体内部空间电磁场分布,并设置电场探针提取出传输线的激励场。利用传输线方程建立腔体内传输线的耦合模型,将得到的传输线激励场引入到传输线方程作为等效分布电压和电流源。利用时域有限差分(FDTD)格式对传输线方程进行离散,从而迭代求解出传输线终端负载上的电压和电流响应。通过与文献以及传统数值算法的计算结果进行对比,验证混合算法的正确性。研究表明,该混合算法在模拟电大尺寸腔体内传输线的电磁耦合方面,具有较高的精度和计算效率。     

同轴式Reditron的计算机模拟

用二维全电磁模型粒子模拟的方法对同轴式反射电子甑别微波发生器-同轴式Reditron中的虚阴极振荡现象进行了研究。模拟结果表明:当注入电流超过同轴波导中的空间电荷限制电流时,在同轴波导漂移区将会形成虚阴极振荡。在给定的模拟参数下,获得了窄带的TM₀₁模式K波段的高功率微波输出,峰值瞬时输出功率达8.62GW,效率在7~10%之间。     

Preparation and characterization of flaky FeSiAl composite magnetic powder core coated with MnZn ferrite

The flattening of FeSiAl soft magnetic powder was achieved by ball milling process, and MnZn/FeSiAl composite magnetic powder core was prepared by press molding. The effect of different coating amount of MnZn ferrite on the soft magnetic properties of FeSiAl was studied. At the same time, the optimal stress-relieving annealing temperature of the composite magnetic powder core is revealed. The results showed that the addition of MnZn ferrite affected the magnetic properties such as saturation magnetization (Ms), initial permeability (μi) and power loss (Pcm) of FeSiAl soft magnetic. With the increase of MnZn ferrite addition content, the saturation magnetization of composites decreased gradually, and the magnetic permeability increased first and then decreased, and the loss decreased first and then increased. When the addition content of MnZn ferrite was 5%, the permeability reached the maximum, which was 28.1% higher than that of the pure FeSiAl magnetic powder core under the same conditions. At the same time, the loss was the lowest, which was 13.3% lower than the pure FeSiAl powder core under the same conditions. When the annealing temperature is around 650 °C, the magnetic powder core has the largest magnetic permeability and the lowest loss.     

Structure and magnetic properties of FeSiAl-based soft magnetic composite with AlN and Al2O3 insulating layer prepared by selective nitridation and oxidation

FeSiAl is widely used in switching power supply, filter inductors and pulse transformers. But when used under higher frequencies in some particular condition, it is required to reduce its high-frequency loss. Preparing a homogeneous insulating coating with good heat resistance and high resistivity, such as AlN and Al₂O₃, is supposed to be an effective way to reduce eddy current loss, which is less focused on. In this project, mixed AlN and Al₂O₃ insulating layers were prepared on the surface of FeSiAl powders after 30 min exposure at 1100 °C in high purity nitrogen atmosphere, by means of surface nitridation and oxidation. The results revealed that the insulating layers increase the electrical resistivity, and hence decrease the loss factor, improve the frequency stability and increase the quality factor, especially in the high-frequency range. The morphologies, microstructure and compositions of the oxidized and nitrided products on the surface were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Disperse Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Selected Area Electron Diffraction and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.     

Influence of Cr content on structure and magnetic properties of Fe-Si-Al-Cr powders

As a kind of soft magnetic metallic material, flaky FeSiAl powders have been studied and used widely. Transition metal chromium can improve the magnetic properties of FeSiAl. This article prepared Fe₈₅Si_9.5-xAl_5.5Cr_x (x=0, 2, 4, 6 wt%) alloys powders by adding chromium to replace silicon in alloys. The morphology and microstructure of alloys powders were studied, electromagnetic parameters were measured and microwave absorption properties in the frequency range from 0.5 to 18 GHz were analyzed. With the increase of Cr content, α-Fe (Al, Si) superlattice phases appeared in alloys powders, and then disappeared. Excessive Cr precipitated from the alloys when its content reaches 6 wt%. The minimum reflection loss (-20 dB) among the four powders was 2 wt% Cr content at the frequency of 11.5 GHz. The peaks of reflection loss shifted to the low frequency range with increase in Cr content.     

Calculation of gamma-ray mass attenuation coefficients of some Egyptian soil samples using Monte Carlo methods

Monte Carlo simulations, FLUKA and Geant4, were performed to study mass attenuation for various types of soil at 59.5, 356.5, 661.6, 1173.2 and 1332.5 keV photon energies. Appreciable variations are noted for all parameters by changing the photon energy and the chemical composition of the sample. The simulations parameters were compared with experimental data and the XCOM program. The simulations show that the calculated mass attenuation coefficient values were closer to experimental values better than those obtained theoretically using the XCOM database for the same soil samples. The results indicate that Geant4 and FLUKA can be applied to estimate mass attenuation for various biological materials at different energies. The Monte Carlo method may be employed to make additional calculations on the photon attenuation characteristics of different soil samples collected from other places.     

基于多孔氧化铝和单原子沉积技术的颜色调控方法研究

本文通过建立多孔氧化铝(porous alumina,PA)的物理模型及理论分析,提出与发展了一种基于PA和单原子沉积(atomic layer deposition,ALD)技术的颜色调控新方法.以实验制备的PA样品为原型,对孔径相同、孔中心距相同但孔深不同的一系列PA模板进行了颜色调控的仿真,揭示了调控色随孔深变化的规律;通过控制在草酸溶液中的阳极氧化时间,实验制备出平均孔径40 nm、平均孔中心距100 nm、孔深分别为296 nm和373 nm的两个PA样品;之后采用ALD技术在它们表面均沉积一层 关键词： 多孔氧化铝 颜色调控 单原子沉积     

MeV能量离子在生物样品中的能量损失与能量离散

为了研究 MeV能量离子在生物样品中的能量损失与能量离散, 分别使用1.0, 1.8和2.8 MeV质子和4.5 MeV氦离子分别辐照不同质量厚度的洋葱内表皮膜。 当质子穿过该生物样品后, 可以利用透射能谱测量透射离子的能量损失和能量离散。 实验结果显示, 在以上的生物样品中, MeV能量离子的能量损失值和TRIM程序模拟的结果相吻合, 但是透射离子的能量离散值却与TRIM程序模拟结果有很大的不同。 结合生物样品的结构不均匀的特性, 对Bohr能量离散理论进行了修正, 并发现修正后的Bohr能量离散理论计算结果与实验值符合得很好。     

Simulation of target response due to uranium ion beam impact

Metal targets were irradiated at GSI with a highly focused uranium ion beam with a kinetic energy of 350MeV/u. Out of these targets two copper samples, that had been irradiated multiple times with a maximum intensity of 2.36 · 10⁹ , were chosen for simulations. In order to characterize the behavior of the target under the load of the ion beam, FLUKA was used to generate the initial distribution of deposited energy which was in turn used as an input for ANSYS AUTODYN to calculate the dynamic response of the target. In the simulations of the first sample a good approximation of the so-called hydrodynamic tensile limit, the crucial parameter for target failure, was found to be -1.08 GPa. This acquired value was used for the simulation of the second sample which had been irradiated with two high-intensity shots. These simulations resulted in the full penetration of the sample which was in agreement with metallurgical examinations. This paper presents the performed simulations.     

Optical percolation in ceramics assisted by porous clusters

We investigated optical transparency in ceramics assisted by disordered porous clusters. The structure and statistical properties of three-dimensional (3D) well porous ceramics is studied. Theoretical model based on the percolation theory and numerical simulations are applied to interpret the observed phase transition from an optically opaque state to a transparent state. The porous ceramic samples were fabricated by the technique of slurry casting. The transmission of optical radiation (optical percolation) over the entire porous samples is observed since the critical concentration of porosity was exceeded. We explain this effect by the rising of the spanning cluster inside of the porous structure that produces a network of porous voids. Our experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations.     

Quantitative assessment and prediction of contact area development during spherical tip indentation of glassy polymers

This paper describes the development of the contact area during indentation of polycarbonate. The contact area was measured in situ using an instrumented indentation microscope and compared with numerical simulations using an elasto-plastic constitutive model. The parameters in the model were obtained using macroscopic tests. Indentations were performed on samples with different thermal histories and at different speeds. For all cases, the numerical model correctly predicted the development of the contact area during indentation. For increasing strain rates, the contact area decreased at equal indentation depths. Annealing the samples resulted in a smaller contact area at equal indentation depth. Using only numerical simulation, it was also shown that pile-up around the indenter resulted from localization effects and was, thus, promoted by strain-softening properties of the indented material. Strain hardening, on the other hand, will tend to promote sink-in. Finally, we performed simulations of load relaxation during indentation. The results indicate that about 40% of the total observed relaxation may be assigned to plastic effects.     

Brownian dynamics simulations of colloidal hard spheres. Effects of sample dimensionality on self-diffusion

The self-diffusion coefficients of colloidal hard spheres were determined by Brownian dynamics (BD) computer simulations using a new efficient algorithm for treatment of the hard-sphere interactions. Calculations were done on an Apple PC type MacIIcx and on a Micro VAX 3000, considering samples in two and three dimensions at varying particle concentrations. Our results in three dimensions are compared with experimental results from our own group which were obtained by forced Rayleigh scattering (FRS), and with numerical results from a dynamical Monte Carlo simulation by Cichocki and Hinsen. Good agreement with the latter was found for particle volume fractions up to 0.40. Differences in the dynamical behavior of our numerically treated 2D and 3D samples are discussed using a simple geometrical model to enable comparison of particle concentrations in samples with different dimensionality.