Proof of the prime power conjecture for projective planes of order

Let be an abelian collineation group of order of a projective plane of order . We show that must be a prime power, and that the -rank of is at least if for an odd prime .

     

Relative Brauer groups and -torsion

Let be a field and its Brauer group. If is a field extension, then the relative Brauer group is the kernel of the restriction map . A subgroup of is called an algebraic relative Brauer group if it is of the form for some algebraic extension . In this paper, we consider the -torsion subgroup consisting of the elements of killed by , where is a positive integer, and ask whether it is an algebraic relative Brauer group. The case is already interesting: the answer is yes for squarefree, and we do not know the answer for arbitrary. A counterexample is given with a two-dimensional local field and .

     

An automatic adjoint theorem and its applications

In this paper, we prove the following automatic adjoint theorem: For any sequence spaces and , if has the signed-weak gliding hump property and is an infinite matrix which transforms into , then the transpose matrix of transforms into , and for any and , . That is, the adjoint operator of automatically exists and is just the transpose matrix of . From the theorem we obtain a class of infinite matrix topological algebras , and prove also a -multiplier convergence theorem of Orlicz-Pettis type. The theorem improves substantially the famous Stiles' Orlicz-Pettis theorem.

     

A global pinching theorem for surfaces with constant mean curvature in

Let be a compact immersed surface in the unit sphere with constant mean curvature . Denote by the linear map from into , , where is the linear map associated to the second fundamental form and is the identity map. Let denote the square of the length of . We prove that if , then is either totally umbilical or an -torus, where is a constant depending only on the mean curvature .

     

A uniqueness result for harmonic functions

Let , , and suppose is harmonic in and on the closure of . If the gradient of vanishes continuously on a subset of of positive -dimensional Lebesgue measure and satisfies certain regularity conditions, then must be identically constant.

     

LCM-splitting sets in some ring extensions

Let be a saturated multiplicative set of an integral domain . Call an lcm splitting set if and are principal ideals for every and . We show that if is an -stable overring of (that is, if whenever and is principal, it follows that and if is an lcm splitting set of , then the saturation of in is an lcm splitting set in . Consequently, if is Noetherian and is a (nonzero) prime element, then is also a prime element of the integral closure of . Also, if is Noetherian, is generated by prime elements of and if the integral closure of is a UFD, then so is the integral closure of .

     

Metacompact subspaces of products of ordinals

Let be a subspace of the product of finitely many ordinals. is countably metacompact, and is metacompact iff has no closed subset homeomorphic to a stationary subset of a regular uncountable cardinal. A theorem generalizing these two results is: is -metacompact iff has no closed subset homeomorphic to a -stationary set where .

     

Parallel tangent hyperplanes

Let be a smooth strictly convex closed hypersurface in and let be any oriented smooth connected manifold immersed in Suppose that is a continuous function from to Then there is at least one point such that the hyperplane tangent to at is parallel to the hyperplane tangent to the immersed manifold at the point corresponding to If there did not exist at least two such points, would have to be compact and the Hurewicz homomorphism of into would have to be surjective. If in addition our immersion was an embedding, the Euler characteristic of would have to be equal to For any and any immersed we could always get maps for which the number of points satisfying the conditions of our theorem exactly equaled two. An example can be given in which both and are the unit sphere about the origin in and there is only one such point .

     

The extension of positive definite operator-valued functions defined on a symmetric interval of an ordered group

Let be an ordered abelian group and . Let be an abelian group and an operator-valued positive definite function on . We prove that admits a positive definite extension to , generalizing in this way existing results for the case when and is continuous.

     

The stable signature of a regular cyclic action

Let be an odd prime and a smooth map of order . Suppose that the cyclic action defined by is regular and has fixed point set . If the -signature Sign is a rational integer and , then there exists a choice of orientations such that Sign Sign .     

Radicals and Plotkin's problem concerning geometrically equivalent groups

If and are groups and is a normal subgroup of , then the -closure of in is the normal subgroup of . In particular, is the -radical of . Plotkin calls two groups and geometrically equivalent, written , if for any free group of finite rank and any normal subgroup of the -closure and the -closure of in are the same. Quasi-identities are formulas of the form for any words in a free group. Generally geometrically equivalent groups satisfy the same quasi-identities. Plotkin showed that nilpotent groups and satisfy the same quasi-identities if and only if and are geometrically equivalent. Hence he conjectured that this might hold for any pair of groups. We provide a counterexample.

     

Index of B-Fredholm operators and generalization of a Weyl theorem

The aim of this paper is to show that if and are commuting B-Fredholm operators acting on a Banach space , then is a B-Fredholm operator and , where means the index. Moreover if is a B-Fredholm operator and is a finite rank operator, then is a B-Fredholm operator and We also show that if is isolated in the spectrum of , then is a B-Fredholm operator of index if and only if is Drazin invertible. In the case of a normal bounded linear operator acting on a Hilbert space , we obtain a generalization of a classical Weyl theorem.     

A question of B. Plotkin about the semigroup of endomorphisms of a free group

Let be a free group of finite rank , let be the semigroup of endomorphisms of , and let be the group of automorphisms of .

Theorem. If is an automorphism of , then there is an such that for all .

     

Exactness of one relator groups

A discrete group is -exact if the reduced crossed product with converts a short exact sequence of --algebras into a short exact sequence of -algebras. A one relator group is a discrete group admitting a presentation where is a countable set and is a single word over . In this short paper we prove that all one relator discrete groups are -exact. Using the Bass-Serre theory we also prove that a countable discrete group acting without inversion on a tree is -exact if the vertex stabilizers of the action are -exact.

     

On the class number of certain imaginary quadratic fields

Theorem. Let 2$"> denote an integer, the square-free part of and the class number of the field . Then except for the case , divides .

     

The f-depth of an ideal on a module

Let be an ideal of a Noetherian local ring and a finitely generated -module. The f-depth of on is the least integer such that the local cohomology module is not Artinian. This paper presents some part of the theory of f-depth including characterizations of f-depth and a relation between f-depth and f-modules.

     

Equivariant cohomology with local coefficients

We show that for a discrete group , the equivariant cohomology of a -space with -local coefficients is isomorphic to the Bredon-Illman cohomology of with equivariant local coefficients .

     

Simple algebras of Weyl type, II

Over a field of any characteristic, for a commutative associative algebra , and for a commutative subalgebra of , the vector space which consists of polynomials of elements in with coefficients in and which is regarded as operators on forms naturally an associative algebra. It is proved that, as an associative algebra, is simple if and only if is -simple. Suppose is -simple. Then, (a) is a free left -module; (b) as a Lie algebra, the subquotient is simple (except for one case), where is the center of . The structure of this subquotient is explicitly described. This extends the results obtained by Su and Zhao.

     

Covering maps that are not compositions of covering maps of lesser order

In 1995 J.W. Heath asked which exactly -to-one maps are compositions of exactly -to-one maps with . This paper deals with compositions of covering maps. Exactly -to-one covering maps on locally arcwise connected continua that are not factorable into covering maps of order are constructed for all 's, and characterized in algebraic terms (fundamental groups). They are not proper compositions of exactly -to-one maps, open maps, or locally one-to-one maps.     

The exponent three class group problem for some real cyclic cubic number fields

We determine all the simplest cubic fields whose ideal class groups have exponent dividing , thus generalizing the determination by G. Lettl of all the simplest cubic fields with class number and the determination by D. Byeon of all all the simplest cubic fields with class number . We prove that there are simplest cubic fields with ideal class groups of exponent (and simplest cubic fields with ideal class groups of exponent , i.e. with class number one).