Singular values, norms, and commutators

Let and X_i, i=1,…,n, be bounded linear operators on a separable Hilbert space such that X_i is compact for i=1,…,n. It is shown that the singular values of are dominated by those of , where ‖·‖ is the usual operator norm. Among other applications of this inequality, we prove that if A and B are self-adjoint operators such that a₁?A?a₂ and b₁?B?b₂ for some real numbers and b₂, and if X is compact, then the singular values of the generalized commutator AX-XB are dominated by those of max(b₂-a₁,a₂-b₁)(X⊕X). This inequality proves a recent conjecture concerning the singular values of commutators. Several inequalities for norms of commutators are also given.     

Maps preserving the spectrum of generalized Jordan product of operators

Let A₁,A₂ be standard operator algebras on complex Banach spaces X₁,X₂, respectively. For k?2, let (i₁,…,i_m) be a sequence with terms chosen from {1,…,k}, and define the generalized Jordan product

     

On the spectral radius of positive operators on Banach sequence spaces

Let K₁,…,K_n be (infinite) non-negative matrices that define operators on a Banach sequence space. Given a function f:[0,∞)×…×[0,∞)→[0,∞) of n variables, we define a non-negative matrix and consider the inequality

     

Quantum effects, sequential independence and majorization

A quantum effect is a positive Hilbert space contraction operator. If {E_i}, 1?i?n, are n quantum effects (defined on some Hilbert space H), then their sequential product is the operator . It is proved that the quantum effects {E_i}, 1?i?n, are sequentially independent if and only if for every permutation r₁r₂…r_n of the set S_n={1,2,…,n}. The sequential independence of the effects E_i, 1?i?n, implies E_noE_n-1o…oE_j+1oE_jo…oE₁=(E_noE_n-1o…E_j+1)oE_jo…oE₁ for every 1?j?n. It is proved that if there exists an effect E_j, 1?j?n, such that E_j?(E_noE_n-1o…E_j+1)oE_jo…oE₁, then the effects {E_i} are sequentially independent and satisfy .     

Nearest southeast submatrix that makes multiple a prescribed eigenvalue. Part 1

Given four complex matrices A,B,C and D, where A∈C^n×n and D∈C^m×m, and given a complex number z₀: What is the (spectral norm) distance from D to the set of matrices X∈C^m×m such that z₀ is a multiple eigenvalue of the matrix

     

Concentration of mass on the Schatten classes

Let 1?p?∞ and be the unit ball of the Schatten trace class of matrices on Cn or on Rn, normalized to have Lebesgue measure equal to one. We prove that

     

Reduction of the c-numerical range to the classical numerical range

Let A be an n×n complex matrix and c=(c₁,c₂,…,c_n) a real n-tuple. The c-numerical range of A is defined as the set

     

Von Neumann’s inequality for noncommuting contractions

Let T₁,…,T_d be linear contractions on a complex Hilbert space and p a complex polynomial in d variables which is a sum of d single variable polynomials. We show that the operator norm of p(T₁,…,T_d) is bounded by

     

A generalized Cayley-Hamilton theorem for polynomials with matrix coefficients

A family F of square matrices of the same order is called a quasi-commuting family if (AB-BA)C=C(AB-BA) for all A,B,C∈F where A,B,C need not be distinct. Let f_k(x₁,x₂,…,x_p),(k=1,2,…,r), be polynomials in the indeterminates x₁,x₂,…,x_p with coefficients in the complex field C, and let M₁,M₂,…,M_r be n×n matrices over C which are not necessarily distinct. Let and let δ_F(x₁,x₂,…,x_p)=detF(x₁,x₂,…,x_p). In this paper, we prove that, for n×n matrices A₁,A₂,…,A_p over C, if {A₁,A₂,…,A_p,M₁,M₂,…,M_r} is a quasi-commuting family, then F(A₁,A₂,…,A_p)=O implies that δ_F(A₁,A₂,…,A_p)=O.     

The sum of unitary similarity orbits containing only special operators

Let B(H) be the algebra of bounded linear operator acting on a Hilbert space H (over the complex or real field). Characterization is given to A₁,…,A_k∈B(H) such that for any unitary operators is always in a special class S of operators such as normal operators, self-adjoint operators, unitary operators. As corollaries, characterizations are given to A∈B(H) such that complex, real or nonnegative linear combinations of operators in its unitary orbit U(A)={U^∗AU:Uunitary} always lie in S.     

OMC for scalar multiples of unitaries

We establish the following case of the Determinantal Conjecture of Marcus [M. Marcus, Derivations, Plücker relations and the numerical range, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 22 (1973) 1137-1149] and de Oliveira [G.N. de Oliveira, Research problem: Normal matrices, Linear and Multilinear Algebra 12 (1982) 153-154]. Let A and B be unitary n × n matrices with prescribed eigenvalues a₁, … , a_n and b₁, … , b_n, respectively. Then for any scalars t and s

     

On various restricted sumsets

For finite subsets A₁,…,A_n of a field, their sumset is given by . In this paper, we study various restricted sumsets of A₁,…,A_n with restrictions of the following forms:

     

Lower bounds of Copson type for Hausdorff matrices

Let 1 ? p ? ∞, 0 < q ? p, and A = (a_n,k)_n,k?0 ? 0. Denote by L_p,q(A) the supremum of those L satisfying the following inequality:

     

Note on integer powers in sumsets

Let k,m,n?2 be integers. Let A be a subset of {0,1,…,n} with 0∈A and the greatest common divisor of all elements of A is 1. Suppose that

     

An explicit method for finding common solutions of variational inequalities and systems of equilibrium problems and fixed points of an infinite family of nonexpansive mappings

Let H be a Hilbert space and C be a nonempty closed convex subset of H, {T_i}_i∈N be a family of nonexpansive mappings from C into H, G_i:C×C→R be a finite family of equilibrium functions (i∈{1,2,…,K}), A be a strongly positive bounded linear operator with a coefficient and -Lipschitzian, relaxed (μ,ν)-cocoercive map of C into H. Moreover, let , {α_n} satisfy appropriate conditions and ; we introduce an explicit scheme which defines a suitable sequence as follows:

     

A combinatorial identity with application to Catalan numbers

By a very simple argument, we prove that if l,m,n∈{0,1,2,…} then

     

Simultaneous solutions of Sylvester equations and idempotent matrices separating the joint spectrum

We investigate simultaneous solutions of the matrix Sylvester equations A_iX-XB_i=C_i,i=1,2,…,k, where {A₁,…,A_k} and {B₁,…,B_k} are k-tuples of commuting matrices of order m×m and p×p, respectively. We show that the matrix Sylvester equations have a unique solution X for every compatible k-tuple of m×p matrices {C₁,…,C_k} if and only if the joint spectra σ(A₁,…,A_k) and σ(B₁,…,B_k) are disjoint. We discuss the connection between the simultaneous solutions of Sylvester equations and related questions about idempotent matrices separating disjoint subsets of the joint spectrum, spectral mapping for the differences of commuting k-tuples, and a characterization of the joint spectrum via simultaneous solutions of systems of linear equations.     

Solution of a tridiagonal operator equation

Let H be a separable Hilbert space with an orthonormal basis {e_n/n∈N}, T be a bounded tridiagonal operator on H and T_n be its truncation on span ({e₁, e₂, … , e_n}). We study the operator equation Tx = y through its finite dimensional truncations T_nxⁿ = y_n. It is shown that if and are bounded, then T is invertible and the solution of Tx = y can be obtained as a limit in the norm topology of the solutions of its finite dimensional truncations. This leads to uniform boundedness of the sequence . We also give sufficient conditions for the boundedness of and in terms of the entries of the matrix of T.     

Polynomial sequences of bounded operators

The basic results of spectral theory are obtained using the sequence of powers of a bounded linear operator T,T²,…,Tⁿ,…. In this paper, we replace the powers Tⁿ by certain polynomials p_n(T), and make use of special properties of the polynomial sequence to derive some new results concerning operators. For example, using an arbitrary polynomial sequence , we obtain “binomial” spectral radii and semidistances, which reduce, in the case of the sequence of powers, to the usual spectral radius and semidistance.