滋补药材川明参的化学成分分析

综合报道我国特有滋补药材川明参的化学成分分析.川明参含有大量线性呋喃香豆素和少量简单香豆素、三萜、黄酮和甾体等化合物.分析表明不同产地和不同部位川明参的化学成分结构类型相似,但所含化合物的具体结构存在较大差别,在开发和应用时应引起注意.     

3种伞形科濒危药用植物挥发油的化学成分分析与分类学意义

应用GC/MS对我国稀有濒危单型属药用植物明党参、川明参和珊瑚菜根部挥发油的化学成分进行研究,并通过对3种植物共有化学成分进行多种聚类分析,从化学分类学角度定量阐明了3种植物所代表的三属间的亲缘关系与经典分类学相一致.     

川麦冬皂苷类化学成分的研究

从川麦冬[Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl.]中分离得到四个皂苷类成分, 分别鉴定为14-hydroxy sprengerinin C (1), sprengerinin C (2), ophiogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3)和β-胡萝卜苷(4, β-sitosterol β-D-glucopyranoside). 其中14-hydroxy sprengerinin C为新的C27甾体皂苷, 化合物sprengerinin C为首次从该植物分离得到. 运用现代波谱技术, 包括二维核磁共振谱和高分辨质谱, 对上述化合物的结构进行了确证.     

气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱分析人参炮制品中的挥发性成分

人参炮制的化学成分变化研究主要集中在皂苷和糖类,本文首次从挥发性成分角度阐释了人参不同炮制品的物质基础。利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS/MS)方法,对鲜参、生晒参和红参中挥发性成分及其衍生规律进行研究。采用TG-5SILMS非极性气相色谱柱,以He为载气,通过NIST MS Spectral Database对挥发性成分进行检测并鉴定。鲜参、生晒参、红参中分别检出30、33和34种挥发性成分,其中生晒参中(-)-斯巴醇含量为鲜参含量的31.98倍,辛醛等8种挥发性成分为鲜参中含量的3倍以上,红参中有环癸等10种挥发性成分为鲜参中含量的3倍以上。生晒参和红参中各有4种挥发性成分在鲜参中未检出。     

川麦冬中的新呋甾皂苷的分离与鉴定

从川麦冬块根总皂苷中分离并鉴定了4个双糖链甾体皂苷化合物, 其中化合物1为新化合物, 化合物2~4是已知化合物.     

白马骨挥发油的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从白马骨中提取挥发油,再通过气-质联用(GC-MS)技术对所提取的挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,共测定了其中的36种成分.已成功鉴定的成分占样品总量的93.39%,其主要成分为脂肪酸,占挥发油总量的74.23%,其次为烷烃化合物8.54%,酯类化合物3.96%,酮类化合物2.36%,烯烃化合物1.95%,醇类化合物1.71%,其它化合物(1个)仅占0.71%.     

茶条木挥发油的化学成分

采用毛细管气相色谱－质谱联用法对茶条木挥发油化学成分进行了研究,经毛细管普分离出１３４个峰,共确认了其中１０１种成分,所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的７８．０８％。用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各成分的相对含量,其主要化学成分为二苯胺、棕榈酸甲酯、十六酸等。     

东风菜化学成分研究

东风菜[Doellingeria scaber(Thunb)Ness.]属菊科(Compositae)东风菜属(Doellingeria)植物.广泛分布于我国东北部、北部、中部至南部各省.主治风毒壅热、头痛目眩,肝热眼赤,民间广泛用于治疗蛇毒,效果良好[1].其化学成分研究已有报道[2],主要为三萜甙.为了进一步研究其药理活性成分,我们对采自辽宁省桓仁县(植物由河南农业大学朱长山教授鉴定)的东风菜进行了化学成分研究,分离得到了两个化合3-oxo-16α-hydroxyolean-12-en-oic acid(1)和豆甾醇(2).其中化合物1为新化合物.     

极谱催化波法测定中草药中的芦丁

基于芦丁在K2S2O8存在下产生的极谱催化波,拟定了测定中草药中芦丁的方法。在0.1 mol/L HAc-NaAc(pH 3.60±0.05),8×10-3mol/L K2S2O8支持电解质中,芦丁催化波峰电位为-1.37 V(vs.SCE),它的二阶导数峰电流与其浓度在1.6×10-6~1.6×10-5mol/L范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9960,n=6)。检出限为9.013×10-11mol/L,回收率为96.18%~102.66%。样品可不经分离,直接测定。采用该方法测得山楂和川明参中芦丁的质量分数分别为1.78%和1.60%。     

三叶鬼针草不同部位挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取海南地区三叶鬼针草花、叶和地上部位挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)对挥发油化学成分进行分离分析,并采用面积归一化法获得各个化合物的相对含量。结果表明从海南三叶鬼针草花、叶和地上部位挥发油中分别鉴定出21,15,36个成分,分别占挥发油总量的84.89%,91.21%和91.74%。三个部位共鉴定出化合物45种,其中共有成分7种。化合物苯基-1,3,5-庚三炔为三个部位的主要成分,相对含量分别为51.84%,62.16%和55.82%,进一步采用硅胶柱色谱技术分离获得其单体化合物,并通过核磁共振技术结合文献对照确定其结构。MTT法测试发现该化合物对宫颈癌Hela和肺腺癌A549细胞具有中等抑制增殖活性。由实验结果可知:海南三叶鬼针草不同部位挥发油化学成分存在差异,苯基-1,3,5-庚三炔是其不同部位的主要成分。该研究结果为海南三叶鬼针草的进一步开发利用提供科学依据。     

Five new sesquiterpenoids and a new diterpenoid from Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS., Erigeron philadelphicus L. and Erigeron sumatrensis RETZ

The aerial parts of Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS., E. philadelphicus L. and E. sumatrensis RETZ. (Compositae) have been investigated chemically. A new sesquiterpenoid, 6beta,14-epoxyeudesm-4(15)-en-1beta-ol (1), and a new diterpenoid, philadelphinone (6), have been isolated from E. philadelphicus. Four new sesquiterpenoids, (7R*)-opposit-4(15)-ene-1beta,7-diol (2), 11-methoxyopposit-4(15)-en-1beta-ol (3), 15-methoxyisodauc-3-ene-1beta,5alpha-diol (4) and 10alpha-hydroxycadin-4-en-15-al (5), have been isolated from E. annuus. Compounds 2 and 4 were also isolated from E. sumatrensis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data.     

New lignan glycosides from Chinese medicinal plant,Sinopodophillum emodi

Two new podophillotoxin glucosides, L-picropodophillotpxin 7'-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (2) and L-picropodophillotpxin 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), were isolated from Chinese medicinal plant, Sinopodophillum emodi, together with 4 known compounds, podophillotoxin (1), podorhizol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), deoxypodophillotoxin (5), and dehydropodophillotoxin (6). The structures of 2 and 3 were finally determined by the extensive decouping and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments in NMR spectra and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Compound 2 is the second example of podophillotoxin diglucoside, and both the first one and 2 were isolated from S. emodi. X-ray crystal structure analysis of 1, 5, and 6 was carried out. Compounds 1 and 5 showed the different conformations from those reported.     

New abietane-type diterpenes from the heartwood of Picea morrisonicola

New abietane-type diterpenes, 15-acetoxy-7-oxodehydroabietic acid (1), picealactones A (2), B (3), and C (4), together with the known 7-oxodehydroabietic acid (5) were isolated and identified from the heartwood of Picea morrisonicola. The structures of 1-4 were determined on the basis of spectral data explanation. Compounds 2-4 possessed a rare 5-dehydro-18, 6-olide functionality. Compounds 1 and 2 were first isolated from natural source.     

Three new 3-benzylbenzofuran-2-one derivatives from Homalium brachybotrys (Flacourtiaceae/Salicaceae s. l.)

Eight phenolic compounds, including two mixtures of two compounds, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of leaves and stems of Homalium brachybotrys. They were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data as quercetin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-beta-glucopyranoside, 5,6-dihydro-6-beta-glucopyranosyloxy-3-(hydroxyphenyl-methyl)-2(4H)-benzofuranone (cochinolide 6-O-beta-glucopyranoside) (1), 2-(6-benzoyl-beta-glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (poliothrysoside) (2), 2-(beta-glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (salirepin) (3), 4,5-dihydro-7a-beta-glucopyranosyloxy-3-(hydroxyphenylmethyl)-2(7aH)-benzofuranone (isocochinolide-7a-O-beta-glucopyranoside) (4), 5,6-dihydro-3-(hydroxyphenylmethyl)-2(4H)-benzofuranone (6-deoxycochinolide) (5) and 3-benzylidine-6-hydroxy-2-benzofuranone (1'deoxy-4,5,6-dehydrocochinolide) (6). Benzofuranones (4), (5) and (6) are new natural products. The compounds isolated support the argument that Homalium is best placed in the Salicaceae s.l.     

Human intestinal bacteria capable of transforming secoisolariciresinol diglucoside to mammalian lignans, enterodiol and enterolactone

Seven metabolites were isolated after anaerobic incubation of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (1) with a human fecal suspension. They were identified as (-)-secoisolariciresinol (2), 3-demethyl-(-)-secoisolariciresinol (3), 2-(3-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol (4), didemethylsecoisolariciresinol (5), 2(3-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol (6), enterodiol (7) and enterolactone (8). Furthermore, two bacterial strains, Peptostreptococcus sp. SDG-1 and Eubacterium sp. SDG-2, responsible for the transformation of 1 to a mammalian lignan 7, were isolated from a human fecal suspension. The former transformed 2 to 3 and 5, as well as 4 to 6, and the latter transformed 5 to 6 and 7.     

厚皮树树皮的化学成分研究

采用各种柱色谱法从厚皮树(Lannea coromandelica)树皮的78%乙醇提取物中分离得到9个化合物。通过理化性质和波谱数据鉴定为:槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(1),豆甾-4-烯-6β-醇-3-酮(2),蒲公英赛酮(3),蒲公英赛醇(4),乙酰蒲公英赛醇(5),5α-豆甾烷-3,6-二酮(6),β-谷甾醇(7),β-胡萝卜苷(8),香草醛(9)。除了化合物(7),其他化合物都是从该植物中首次分离得到。     

A new triterpenoid saponin from Abrus precatorius Linn

A new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl subprogenin D (1), together with six known triterpenoids: subprogenin D (2), abrusgenic acid (3), triptotriterpenic acid B (4), abruslactone A (5), abrusogenin (6) and abrusoside C (7) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Abrus precatorius. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physical and NMR analysis, respectively. Compounds 5 and 6 showed moderate cytotoxicity against MCF-7, SW1990, Hela, and Du-145 cell lines. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 were isolated from this plant for the first time.     

Phenylpropanoid glycosides from Rhodiola rosea

Rhodiola rosea L. (Golden Root) has been used for a long time as an adaptogen in Chinese traditional medicine and is reported to have many pharmacological properties. Along its known secondary metabolites tyrosol (1), salidroside (rhodioloside) (2), rosin (3), rosarin (4), rosavin (5), sachaliside 1 (6) and 4-methoxy-cinnamyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), four compounds were isolated from aqueous methanol extract of the plant and identified as cinnamyl-(6'-O-beta-xylopyranosyl)-O-beta-glucopyranoside (8), 4-methoxy-cinnamyl-(6'-O-alpha-arabinopyranosyl)-O-beta-glucopyranoside (9), picein (10) and benzyl-O-beta-glucopyranoside (11) by UV, MS and NMR methods. Compounds 8 and 9 are new natural compounds whereas compounds 10 and 11 were isolated first time from R. rosea. Also the compounds 6 and 7 are isolated earlier only from the callus cultures of the plant but not from the differentiated plant.     

Cholinesterase inhibiting withanolides from Withania somnifera

A total of two new (1, 2) and four known (3-6) withanolides were isolated from the whole plant of Withania somnifera. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and were characterized as 6alpha,7alpha-epoxy-3beta,5alpha,20beta-trihydroxy-1-oxowitha-24-enolide (1), 5beta,6beta-epoxy-4beta,17alpha,27-trihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide (2), withaferin-A (3), 2,3-dihydrowithaferin-A (4), 6alpha,7alpha-epoxy-5alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide (5), and 5beta,6beta-epoxy-4beta-hydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,14,24-trienolide (6), respectively. Compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 displayed inhibitory potential against butyrylcholinesterase, but only compounds 3, 4, and 6 were found to be active against acetylcholinesterase.     

Two new podophyllotoxin glucosides from Sinopodophyllum emodi (Wall.) Ying.

Two new aryltetralin-type lignans, isopodophyllotoxin 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 4-demethyl-picropodophyllotoxin 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), along with eight known podophyllotoxin derivatives: 4-demethyl-podophyllotoxin 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), podophyllotoxin 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), deoxypodophyllotoxin (5), picropodophyllotoxin (6), podophyllotoxin (7), 4-demethyl-picropodophyllotoxin (8), 4-demethyl-podophyllotoxin (9), and 4-demethyl-deoxypodophyllotoxin (10), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Sinopodophyllum emodi (Wall.) Ying (Berberidaceae). Their structures were identified based on NMR spectral data and chemical evidence.