共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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海洋污损生物是海洋资源开发首先要面对的问题。防污涂料是防除海洋污损生物的关键材料。传统的防污涂料虽然发展成熟,但以油性溶剂为介质,存在挥发性有机物(VOC)排放过高、环境污染严重的问题。不释放VOC的水性涂料符合绿色无污染的环保要求,是防污材料领域研究的热点。本文对最重要的四种水性防污涂料(污损释放型水性低表面能防污涂料、自抛光型水性防污涂料、污损阻抗型水凝胶海洋防污涂料、强碱释放型水性硅酸盐防污涂料)从防污机理、制备方法和存在的问题等几个方面进行了综述,并对水性防污涂料的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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无锡自抛光防污涂料是目前世界范围内应用较广泛且用量较大的海洋防污涂料[1]。丙烯酸盐树脂作为无锡自抛光防污涂料的基料,其研究与应用是开发新型防污涂料的关键[2-3]。因此,丙烯酸盐树脂的研究成为防污涂料领域的热点,其品种和需求量逐渐增加。丙烯酸盐树脂所用的单体多数为丙烯酸类及丙烯酸酯类,这些有机物质易挥发,刺激性气味大,对人的眼睛、呼吸道和皮肤具有刺激性和腐蚀性。 相似文献
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建立新型防污剂N-辛基-2-羟基苯甲酰胺释放率测试方法。防污剂用丙酮溶解,通过紫外光谱法建立N-辛基-2-羟基苯甲酰胺的吸光度–浓度标准曲线。将含有防污剂的涂层置于水中,使其释放防污剂,定期获取溶液,利用冷冻干燥除水,然后用丙酮溶解释出的防污剂,进行紫外光谱测试。利用标准曲线法测定防污剂释放量,计算得到释放率。结果表明,在330 nm波长下,防污剂浓度与吸光度线性关系良好,相关系数r2=0.999 1。方法的检出限为5μg/m L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.4%(n=5),加标回收率为97%~105%,样品在4 h内稳定。该方法测试稳定性较好,定量准确,操作简便,为防污剂检测提供了可靠的评价方法。 相似文献
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Structures and antifouling properties of low surface energy non-toxic antifouling coatings modified by nano-SiO_2 powder 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国科学B辑(英文版)》2008,(9)
Antifouling coatings are used to improve the speed and energy efficiency of ships by preventing or- ganisms, such as barnacles and weed, building up on the underwater hull and helping the ships movement through the water. Typically, marine coatings are tributyltin self-polishing copolymer paints containing toxic molecules called biocides. They have been the most successful in combating bio- fouling on ships, but their widespread use has caused severe pollution in the marine ecosystem. The low surface energy marine coating is an entirely non-toxic alternative, which reduces the adhesion strength of marine organisms, facilitating their hydrodynamic removal at high speeds. In this paper, the novel low surface energy non-toxic marine antifouling coatings were prepared with modified acrylic resin, nano-SiO2, and other pigments. The effects of nano-SiO2 on the surface structure and elastic modulus of coating films have been studied, and the seawater test has been carried out in the Dalian Bay. The results showed that micro-nano layered structures on the coating films and the lowest surface energy and elastic modulus could be obtained when an appropriate mass ratio of resin, nano-SiO2, and other pigments in coatings approached. The seawater exposure test has shown that the lower the sur- face energy and elastic modulus of coatings are, the less the marine biofouling adheres on the coating films. 相似文献
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Antifouling coatings are used to improve the speed and energy efficiency of ships by preventing organisms, such as barnacles
and weed, building up on the underwater hull and helping the ships movement through the water. Typically, marine coatings
are tributyltin self-polishing copolymer paints containing toxic molecules called biocides. They have been the most successful
in combating biofouling on ships, but their widespread use has caused severe pollution in the marine ecosystem. The low surface
energy marine coating is an entirely non-toxic alternative, which reduces the adhesion strength of marine organisms, facilitating
their hydrodynamic removal at high speeds. In this paper, the novel low surface energy non-toxic marine antifouling coatings
were prepared with modified acrylic resin, nano-SiO2, and other pigments. The effects of nano-SiO2 on the surface structure and elastic modulus of coating films have been studied, and the seawater test has been carried out
in the Dalian Bay. The results showed that micro-nano layered structures on the coating films and the lowest surface energy
and elastic modulus could be obtained when an appropriate mass ratio of resin, nano-SiO2, and other pigments in coatings approached. The seawater exposure test has shown that the lower the surface energy and elastic
modulus of coatings are, the less the marine biofouling adheres on the coating films.
Supported by High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2004AA001520) 相似文献
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Biofouling is a major problem facing the marine industry. Since toxic antifouling coatings were banned globally due to their negative impacts on the marine environment, the development of environmental-friendly and efficient antifouling coatings has been identified as a pressing need. As an alternative, the antifouling coatings inspired by corals have attracted a great deal of attention over these years. within the marine environment, corals have evolved an excellent antifouling capability. There are five major antifouling strategies applied by corals, including natural antifoulants, foul release effect, sloughing effect, soft tentacles, and fluorescence effect. In this paper, a brief review is conducted to introduce the antifouling coatings inspired by the five strategies. Moreover, a discussion is conducted about the existing problems with the five strategies and the direction of their further development is indicated. 相似文献
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Marine organisms such as plants, algae or small animals can adhere to surfaces of materials that are submerged in ocean. The accumulation of these organisms on surfaces is a marine biofouling process that has considerable adverse effects. Marine biofouling on ship hulls can cause severe fuel consumption increase. Investigations on antifouling polymers are therefore becoming important research topics for marine vessel operations. Antifouling polymers can be applied as coating layers on the ship hull, protecting it against the settlement and growth of sea organisms. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a hydrophilic polymer that can effectively resist the accumulation of marine organisms. PEG-based antifouling coatings have therefore been extensively researched and developed. However, the inferior stability of PEG makes it subject to degradation, rendering it ineffective for long-term services. Zwitterionic polymers have also emerged as promising antifouling materials in recent years. These polymers consist of both positively charged and negatively charged functional groups. Various zwitterionic polymers have been demonstrated to exhibit exceptional antifouling properties. Previously, surface characterizations of zwitterionic polymers have revealed that strong surface hydration is critical for their antifouling properties. In addition to these hydrophilic polymers, amphiphilic materials have also been developed as potential antifouling coatings. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups are incorporated into the backbones or sidechains of these polymers. It has been demonstrated that the antifouling performance can be enhanced by precisely controlling the sequence of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic functionalities. Since biofouling generally occurs at the outer surface of the coatings, the antifouling properties of these coatings are closely related to their surface characteristics in water. Therefore, understanding of the surface molecular structures of antifouling materials is imperative for their future developments. In this review, we will summarize our recent advancements of antifouling material surface analysis using sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. SFG is a surface-sensitive technique which can provide molecular information of water and polymer structures at interfaces in situ in real time. The antifouling polymers we will review include zwitterionic polymer brushes, mixed charged polymers, and amphiphilic polypeptoids. Interfacial hydration studies of these polymers by SFG will be presented. The salt effect on antifouling polymer surface hydration will also be discussed. In addition, the interactions between antifouling materials and protein molecules as well as algae will be reviewed. The above research clearly established strong correlations between strong surface hydration and good antifouling properties. It also demonstrated that SFG is a powerful technique to provide molecular level understanding of polymer antifouling mechanisms. 相似文献
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Five new pimarane diterpenoids 1-5 were synthesized using ent-8(14)-pimarene-15R,16-diol as starting material. The structures were elucidated by means of extensive NMR and MS analysis. The antifouling activity against larval settlement of the barnacle Balanus albicostatus were evaluated using capsaicin as a positive control. Compounds 1-3 and 5 showed more potent antifouling activity than capsaicin. Compound 5, which exhibited almost the same antifouling activity as starting material, showed better stability than starting material. These compounds all showed antifouling activity in a non-toxic way against larval settlement of the barnacle B. albicostatus. Analysis of structure-activity relationships (SAR) demonstrated that the substituents on the C-15 and C-16 position of pimarane diterpenoid were responsible for the antifouling activity. 相似文献
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Fabienne Faÿ Isabelle Linossier Gaëlle Legendre Karine Vallée-Réhel 《Macromolecular Symposia》2008,272(1):45-51
Summary: Environmental legislation compels marine paints companies to develop non toxic antifouling coatings respecting ecosystems. In this work, biodegradable polymers are used to conceive delivery systems with a lifetime of many months. For this purpose, chlorhexidine was encapsulated in poly(L-lactide) microspheres and incorporated in antifouling formulations. The characterization (encapsulation yield, surface morphology, particle size) and antibacterial activity (bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects) of microspheres were carried out by using scanning electronic (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopies (CLSM). The results indicate a good ability of loaded microspheres to be formulated even though an excellent activity against selected marine bacteria is conserved. This is a promising approach to develop biodegradable antifouling paints based on non toxic molecules and bioactive surfaces. 相似文献
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Engineered nanoforce gradients for inhibition of settlement (attachment) of swimming algal spores 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Schumacher JF Long CJ Callow ME Finlay JA Callow JA Brennan AB 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2008,24(9):4931-4937
Current antifouling strategies are focused on the development of environmentally friendly coatings that protect submerged surfaces from the accumulation of colonizing organisms (i.e., biofouling). One ecofriendly approach is the manipulation of the surface topography on nontoxic materials to deter settlement of the dispersal stages of fouling organisms. The identification of effective antifouling topographies typically occurs through trial-and-error rather than predictive models. We present a model and design methodology for the identification of nontoxic, antifouling surface topographies for use in the marine environment by the creation of engineered nanoforce gradients. The design and fabrication of these gradients incorporate discrete micrometer-sized features that are associated with the species-specific surface design technique of engineered topography and the concepts of mechanotransduction. The effectiveness of designed nanoforce gradients for antifouling applications was tested by evaluating the settlement behavior of zoospores of the alga Ulva linza. The surfaces with nanoforce gradients ranging from 125 to 374 nN all significantly reduced spore settlement relative to a smooth substrate, with the highest reduction, 53%, measured on the 374 nN gradient surface. These results confirm that the designed nanoforce gradients may be an effective tool and predictive model for the design of unique nontoxic, nonfouling surfaces for marine applications as well as biomedical surfaces in the physiological environment. 相似文献
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Fengfeng Gao 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(18)
Biofouling is one of the most difficult problems in the field of marine engineering. In this work, molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the adsorption process of mussel protein on the surface of two antifouling films—hydrophilic film and hydrophobic film—trying to reveal the mechanism of protein adsorption and the antifouling mechanism of materials at the molecular level. The simulated conclusion is helpful to design and find new antifouling coatings for the experiments in the future. 相似文献