同位旋效应对中能重离子反应中轻粒子产物的影响

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,研究了¹¹²Sn+¹¹²Sn和¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn两反应系统在不同入射能量、不同碰撞参数、不同势场和不同核子-核子碰撞截面下的粒子发射特征.阐述了发射体系的同位旋对轻粒子产额比的影响.发现轻粒子产额比是同位旋的敏感观测量.另外,还发现中快度区发射的粒子有更高的丰中子程度.同时,轻粒子的比不敏感于核子核子碰撞截面,而敏感于核态方程,这使得从轻粒子比提取同位旋相关的核态方程变成一种可能. 关键词： 同位旋相关的量子分子动力学 同位旋效应 轻粒子产额比     

化学不稳定性和同位素分布的同位旋效应

采用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,研究了在轰击能量为40MeV/u和100MeV/u时,¹¹²Sn+¹¹²Sn和¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn反应产物的同位素分布.发现在40MeV/u时,同位素分布与入射体系的同位旋密切相关;而在100MeV/u时,对这两种不同同位旋体系给出几乎相同的同位素分布.这种同位素分布的能量依赖性为研究化学不稳定性及其与力学不稳定性的竞争提供了新途径 关键词： 化学不稳定性 同位旋效应 同位素分布 同位旋相关的量子分子动力学     

核子-核子碰撞截面对同位素标度参数α的同位旋效应

对两对重离子中心碰撞系统⁴⁰C+⁴⁰Ca 和⁶⁰Ca+⁴⁰Ca以及¹¹²Sn+¹¹²Sn和¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn反应中就同位素标度参数α对于核子-核子碰撞截面的同位旋效应进行了研究.计算结果表明α对同位旋相关核子-核子碰撞截面σ^med_{NN关键词： 同位旋效应 核子-核子截面 机理 同位素标度}     

挤出流的同位旋效应

在同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型框架下,研究了碰撞系统¹²⁴Sn¹²⁴+Sn和¹²⁴Ba+¹²⁴Ba的挤出流及其同位旋效应.发现丰中子系统¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn表现出较小的挤出流,挤出流的这种同位旋相关性主要是由核子–核子碰撞截面的同位旋相关性所决定的,只与对称能微弱相关.     

改进的QMD模型研究不同入射道条件对同位旋分馏强度的影响

通过在同位旋相关量子分子动力学模型(IQMD)中引入同位旋依赖的动量相关作用和同位旋相关的Skyrme势,得到了改进的同位旋依赖的量子分子动力学模型,并用此模型分析和讨论了中能重离子碰撞中的同位旋分馏强度随入射道条件的演化.结果表明在中能重离子碰撞中各种入射道条件下同位旋依赖的动量相关作用和Skyrme势有着明显的同位旋效应,它们减弱了同位旋分馏的过程. 关键词： 同位旋分馏 同位旋相关的动量相关作用 同位旋相关的Skyrme势     

重离子碰撞中同位旋分馏对碰撞系统同位旋的依赖性

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型，研究了中能重离子碰撞过程中同位旋分馏现象及其对于碰撞系统同位旋的依赖性.计算结果表明:在碰撞系统膨胀的低密度区, 气相(发射核子)与液相(碎片)的中子-质子比出现不均等分配现象,即同位旋分馏. 同位旋分馏的强弱明显地依赖于碰撞系统的中子-质子比,其强度随着系统中子-质子比的增大而增大. 丰中子碰撞系统产生丰中子的气相和缺中子的液相,而缺中子碰撞系统产生缺中子的气相和丰中子的液相.在丰中子的碰撞系统中同位旋分馏强度敏感地依赖于对称势,而对于两体碰撞的同位旋效应并不敏感，但对于缺中子的碰撞系统,同位旋分馏强度对于对称势不敏感， 同时发现动量相关作用对于同位旋分馏过程的作用不明显. 关键词： 中能重离子碰撞 同位旋分馏 同位旋效应 对称势     

径向膨胀流的同位旋效应

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型,研究了¹²⁴Ba+¹²⁴Ba和¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn两个系统在不同入射能量下对心碰撞的径向膨胀流.发现丰中子系统¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn的径向膨胀流系统性地小于系统¹²⁴Ba+¹²⁴Ba的径向膨胀流.同时发现这种差别主要来自于核子–核子碰撞截面的同位旋相关性而几乎与对称能无关.     

中能重离子碰撞中库仑相互作用对动量耗散的同位旋效应

利用同位旋相关的量子分子动力学模型，研究了中能重离子碰撞过程中的库仑相互作用对于 动量耗散的同位旋效应.计算结果表明: 由于库仑相互作用的存在，使得碰撞过程中的化学 不稳定区和力学不稳定区减小，明显地减弱了动量耗散；其减弱的程度与对称势的形式及强 度有关，对称势越强则动量耗散的减弱幅度越大.动量耗散灵敏地依赖于核子-核子碰撞截 面的同位旋相关性而较弱地依赖于对称势，这一特征不论有无库仑相互作用均存在. 关键词： 中能重离子碰撞 库仑相互作用 动量耗散 同位旋效应     

同位旋依赖的动量相关作用对同位旋分馏过程的影响和机理

在同位旋相关的量子分子动力学理论的基础上，引入同位旋自由度，将同位旋无关的动量相 关作用改造成为在同位旋相关的量子分子动力学中可用的同位旋依赖的动量相关作用．研究 了它在中能重离子碰撞中的作用和机理．研究结果表明，考虑同位旋依赖的动量相关作用后 ，对同位旋分馏过程有很大的影响，使同位旋分馏强度降低．降低的幅度随入射能量的增加 而迅速增加.特别是动量相关作用的同位旋效应与对称势的同位旋效应具有大体相同数量级 ．但两者具有完全不同的动力学机理．所以同位旋依赖的动量相关作用的研究对于定量的研 究同位旋非对称核物质状态方程是重要的. 关键词： 同位旋依赖的动量相关作用 同位旋分馏强度 重离子碰撞     

同位旋依赖的动量相关作用对同位旋分馏的影响随入射道条件的演化

由量子分子动力学通常应用的动量相关作用公式出发，引入同位旋自由度后得到了在量子分子动力学中可用于数值计算的同位旋依赖的动量相关作用.并用这个公式较系统地研究了在它的作用下，同位旋分馏比的入射道效应和它们的动力学机理.结果表明所有入射道能量、碰撞参数以及所有的丰中子碰撞系统中子-质子比和质量条件下动量相关作用的同位旋依赖性对同位旋分馏过程产生了重要的同位旋效应，然而它没有明显改变同位旋分馏比对于对称势灵敏的依赖性，即在考虑动量相关作用的同位旋自由度后同位旋分馏比仍是提取同位旋非对称核物质状态方程的灵敏探针. 关键词： 同位旋分馏比 动量相关作用 重离子碰撞     

Isospin effects on squeeze-out flow in heavy-ion collisions

The squeeze-out flow in reactions of ¹²⁴Sn + ¹²⁴Sn and ¹²⁴Ba + ¹²⁴Ba at different incident energies for different impact parameters is investigated by means of an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. For the first time, it is found that the more neutron-rich system (¹²⁴Sn + ¹²⁴Sn) exhibits weaker squeeze-out flow. This isospin dependence of the squeeze-out flow is shown to mainly result from the isospin dependence of nucleon-nucleon cross-section and the symmetry energy. Received: 14 March 2000 / Accepted: 29 September 2000     

Isospin splitting of nucleon effective mass and symmetry energy in isotopic nuclear reactions

Within an isospin and momentum dependent transport model, the dynamics of isospin particles(nucleons and light clusters) in Fermi-energy heavy-ion collisions are investigated for constraining the isospin splitting of nucleon effective mass and the symmetry energy at subsaturation densities. The impacts of the isoscalar and isovector parts of the momentum dependent interaction on the emissions of isospin particles are explored, i.e., the mass splittings of m_n~*=m_p~* and m_n~* m_p~*(m_n~* m_p~*). The single and double neutron to proton ratios of free nucleons and light particles are thoroughly investigated in the isotopic nuclear reactions of ~(112)Sn+~(112)Sn and ~(124)Sn+~(124)Sn at incident energies of 50 and 120 MeV/nucleon, respectively. It is found that both the effective mass splitting and symmetry energy impact the kinetic energy spectra of the single ratios, in particular at the high energy tail(larger than 20 Me V). The isospin splitting of nucleon effective mass slightly impacts the double ratio spectra at the energy of 50 MeV/nucleon. A soft symmetry energy with stiffness coefficient of γ_s =0.5 is constrained from the experimental data with the Fermi-energy heavy-ion collisions.     

Isospin Effects of Threshold Energy of Radial Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions

The threshold energies of radial flow in reactions of ^40 Ca-^40Ca and ^48Ca＋ ^48Ca in central collisions are investigated within an isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics model by using three different forms of symmetry energy. It is found that the neutron-rich system has smaller threshold energy of radial flow and this quantity depends on the form of symmetry potential. It is indicated that the threshold energy of radial flow can provide a new method to determine the symmetry energy of asymmetric nuclear matter.     

40 Ca+58Fe，58Ni反应中的径向膨胀流研究

利用同位旋相关的Boltzmann-Langevin方程研究了^40Ca ^58Fe和^40cA ^58Ni两个反应系统在53,100,1506 200MeV／u入射能量下对心碰撞的径向膨胀流,发现对于丰中子系统^40Ca ^58Fe的径向膨胀流系统性地小于稳定系统^40Ca ^58Ni的径向膨胀,在假定轰击能量与反应体系的压缩密度呈抛物线关系时,能够解释入射能量和径向膨胀流之间呈现的直线关系,提取了出现径向膨胀流的轰击能量阈值,发现对丰中子系统^40Ca ^58Fe得到的能量阈值小于稳定系统^40Ca ^58Ni所得到的能量阈值。     

Effect of the momentum dependence of nuclear symmetry potential on the transverse and elliptic flows

In the framework of the isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model, the effect of the momentum dependence of nuclear symmetry potential on nuclear transverse and elliptic flows in the neutron-rich reaction ¹³²Sn+¹²⁴Sn at a beam energy of 400MeV/nucleon is studied. We find that the momentum dependence of nuclear symmetry potential affects the rapidity distribution of the free neutron to proton ratio, the neutron and the proton transverse flows as a function of rapidity. The momentum dependence of nuclear symmetry potential affects the neutron-proton differential transverse flow more evidently than the difference of neutron and proton transverse flows as well as the difference of proton and neutron elliptic flows. It is thus better to probe the symmetry energy by using the difference of neutron and proton flows since the momentum dependence of nuclear symmetry potential is still an open question. And it is better to probe the momentum dependence of nuclear symmetry potential by using the neutron-proton differential transverse flow the rapidity distribution of the free neutron to proton ratio.     

Isospin effect in peripheral heavy-ion collisions at Fermi energies

The isospin effect in peripheral heavy-ion collisions was thoroughly investigated within the framework of the Lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics (LQMD) transport model. A coalescence approach was used to recognize the primary fragments formed in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The secondary decay process of these fragments was described using the statistical code GEMINI. The production mechanism and isospin effect of the projectile-like and target-like fragments were analyzed using the combined approach. It was found that the isospin migration from the high-isospin density to the low-density matter occurred in the neutron-rich nuclear reactions, i.e., ⁴⁸Ca+²⁰⁸Pb, ⁸⁶Kr+⁴⁸Ca/²⁰⁸Pb/¹²⁴Sn, ¹³⁶Xe+²⁰⁸Pb, ¹²⁴Sn+¹²⁴Sn, and ¹³⁶Xe+¹³⁶Xe. A hard symmetry energy was available for creating the neutron-rich fragments, particularly in the medium-mass region. The isospin effect of the neutron-to-proton (n/p) ratio of the complex fragments was reduced when the secondary decay process was included. However, a soft symmetry energy enhanced the n/p ratio of the light particles, particularly at kinetic energies greater than 15 MeV/nucleon.     

利用中-质微分流探测对称能的高密行为

基于同位旋和动量依赖的强子输运模型IBUU04，研究了¹³²Sn+¹²⁴Sn在三种不同碰撞能量、两种不同对称能作用下，中-质微分流随快度的变化关系. 发现中-质微分流的强度随碰撞能量的增大而增强. 在碰撞能量为400 MeV每核子时，中-质微分流对对称能最为敏感. 关键词： 重离子碰撞 中-质微分流 对称能