CPU散热器换热特性的实验研究

本文对两种不同类型的CPU散热器,整体平直翅片与分段式的平直翅片,在不同加热功率、不同流速下的强迫风冷的传热性能进行了实验研究,得出换热系数主要和来流速度有关,而与加热功率关系不大的结论,并将二者的换热性能进行了对比。结果表明,翅片2的换热系数随流速的变化更强烈,在其他相同条件下,其换热系数甚至可以达到翅片1的两倍。     

车用散热器百叶窗翅片结构仿真优化

随着现代发动机技术的进步,发动机功率和性能的提升,也对发动机散热器提出了更高的要求。在兼备良好的散热性能和稳定性的同时,更要求散热器结构紧凑,以实现轻型化。通过对车用发动机管带式散热器的局部翅片和整体散热器进行三维建模,分析百叶窗翅片角度、翅片波距、翅片波高对空气侧压降影响,并对影响散热器散热性能主要因素进行分析。然后采用了多孔介质代替翅片的方法,模拟整体散热器的散热性能,并对比实验结果验证仿真模型准确性。最后拟合仿真数据的总传热系数和空气侧压降系数,建立粒子群算法优化数学模型。在不改变散热器外形尺寸和空气侧压降符合设计标准的情况下,优化散热器的翅片结构。翅片结构优化后,空气侧压降基本不变,散热量提升了11.6%。     

基于导热塑料的新型LED灯散热器设计与优化

以某中等功率LED灯具为例,设计了塑料散热器的基本构型。采用数值仿真的办法对散热器的性能进行分析,并根据分析结果进行结构改进与优化。结果表明,在同样构型下塑料散热器散热性能低于铝合金散热器;与传统铝合金散热器不同,当肋片高度达到30 mm后,塑料散热器的散热能力趋于稳定;虽然导热塑料的红外发射率较高,仿真分析表明通过热辐射散出的热能只占总热很小的一部分,所以塑料散热器的设计应以增加对流换热面积为主,增加肋片与环境的视角系数是次要考虑因素。改进优化后的塑料散热器达到了和铝合金散热器相近的散热性能,总质量较铝合金散热器减轻了30%,验证了塑料散热器在降低产品重量方面的优越性。     

CPU热管散热器的实验研究

为探究热管散热器的散热性能,选取使用热管数量分别为两根、四根、六根的三种重力式热管散热器为研究对象进行实验。这三种热管散热器热管与翅片的结构型式相同,翅化比均接近13.5,因此具有较高的可比性。在风速为1.7 m/s的工况下,测得了两热管散热器最大散热功率为78 W,总热阻为0.57 K/W;四热管散热器最大散热功率为116 W,总热阻为0.36 K/W;六热管散热器最大散热功率为240 W,总热阻为0.19 K/W。六管散热器蒸发端与冷凝端均温性较好,三种热管散热器达到热平衡的时间约为17 min。     

加装导流罩的大功率LED强化换热特性研究

针对大功率LED光源存在的散热问题,在风冷散热条件下,对加装导流罩的大功率LED散热器进行优化设计。在肋片结构参数固定的条件下,利用流体分析软件对导流罩的内径、高度、进气口直径以及散热器肋片夹角进行优化。通过改变这些参数来改变散热片表面气体流体的流形、风速等值,最终改变肋片表面对流换热系数。获得的导流罩和肋片夹角参数:导流罩高度85 mm,进气口直径76 mm,出气口直径83 mm,散热器肋片夹角9。通过优化使散热器温度有一定程度的降低,为大功率LED灯具散热设计提供了一种优化方案。     

LED散热器三角槽扩展表面散热性能

对大功率LED太阳花散热器肋片三角槽扩展表面的散热性能进行了数值模拟与分析,并对肋片长度方向的温度分布进行了实验验证。在考虑自然对流和辐射模型的条件下,研究了肋片表面三角槽的顶角α、槽宽s和槽深d对散热器肋片顶部最高温升ΔTmax、平均对流换热系数h和对流换热热阻R的影响。结果表明:顶角α在90°～120°范围内、向肋片根部倾斜的三角槽在增加散热面积的同时,改善了流场分布,从而显著地增强了太阳花散热器的散热性能;相比于槽宽s,槽深d对平均对流换热系数h影响更为显著,较小或较大的槽深会因平均对流换热系数h的大幅降低而恶化散热效果。     

大功率LED热管散热器的热设计研究

给出了一种应用于大功率LED散热的新型热管翅片散热器,该散热器能够有效利用自然风和垂直对流,建立了散热器结构模型,采用Icepak软件分析了散热器参数对大功率LED芯片结温的影响规律.结果表明,热管导热系数、直径以及自然风风速对芯片结温有显著影响,芯片结温随热管导热系数、直径以及自然风风速的增加而降低,翅片导热系数和表...     

梳状散热器结构和角度对大功率LED结温的影响

利用计算流体力学(CFD)软件Fluent模拟了梳状肋片散热器的大功率LED灯的温度场分布。从散热器肋片高度、肋片间距以及灯具的照射角度三方面分析了散热器的散热效果。通过对比分析不同散热器的速度流场与温度场分布,得知当肋片高度为10mm、间距为4.1mm时散热器散热效果最佳。灯具的照射角度也会影响到散热器的散热性能,当照射角为90°时散热器性能最佳。     

弧形通道散热器流动与传热的数值模拟研究

以某航空电子元器件的散热器为研究对象,建立了弧形翅片散热器微流道单元流域的三维模型。根据高空运行温度和压力设置边界条件,利用计算流体力学数值模拟方法对散热器弧形翅片的流场、传热性能等进行分析研究。通过实验数据拟合的关联式对模拟结果进行验证,对其强化传热效果与平板翅片进行比较。结果表明,弧形翅片具有很好的换热效果,雷诺数在780～1 450范围内,弧形翅片的传热效果比平板翅片提高8.43%～18.06%。相同工况下,弧形翅片的散热量较多、散热性能较好、传热效率较高。     

格芯夹层结构散热性能的数值计算评估

为评估格芯夹层结构的传热性能以及代替传统的板式肋片结构应用于汽车散热系统中的可能性,文章对几种典型的格芯夹层结构（如kagome lattice,tetrahedral lattice和pyramidal lattice）和板式肋片（corrugated plate）结构实施了一系列的三维数值计算评估.通过对比相同Reynolds数下的传热系数和相同泵功率下的局部Nusselt数来评估各组结构的传热性能.结果显示,相同Reynolds数条件下,各组格芯夹层结构的传热系数较板式肋片结构均有提高,同时摩擦阻力也大幅度增大.在相同泵功率条件下,由于板式肋片结构所受形阻基本可以忽略,因此在较低泵功率范围内（< 1 500 W）,板式肋片的局部Nusselt数最大.随着泵功率的增长,当泵功率提高到3 000 W,tetrahedral的Nusselt数与板式肋片持平并进一步增大,显示出了格芯夹层结构的应用潜力.高传热性能而低摩擦阻力的格芯夹层结构完全有潜力代替传统的板式肋片结构应用于新型高效紧凑的散热系统中.      

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.