推广使用无铅汽油对儿童血铅水平影响的研究

于１９９７年７月－９月在上海市５个区县３０所幼托机构对１９７２名１－６岁儿童进行了血铅水平抽样调查,然后于上海地区推广使用无铅汽油半年后的１９９８年４－６月相应人群进行血铅水平复查。     

农业样品分析

本文是本刊“农业样品分析”第三篇定期评述，对１９９４年４月至１９９８年６月（着重于近两年）国内农业测试分析的进展作了评述，包括分子光谱、原子光谱、色谱、电化学、电泳分析，共引用文献６７５篇。     

农业样品分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述栏目中“农业试样分析”的第２篇评述，它评述１９９２年３月至１９９４年６月国内农业测试分析的进展，包括分子光谱、原子光谱、色谱、电化学、电泳等方法，共引用文献２８０篇。     

化工,石油产品及硅酸盐分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“化工、石油产品及硅酸盐分析”课题的第六次评述，它评述了１９９５年７月至１９９７年６月国内关于化工产品、石油产品、硅酸盐的分析进展情况，共引用文献６７５篇。     

化工,石油产品及硅酸盐分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“化工，石油产品及硅酸盐分析”课题的第五次评述。它评述了１９９３年７月至１９９５年６月国内关于化工产品，石油产品，硅酸盐的分析进展情况及我国化工，石油及硅酸盐产品标准，共引用文献５３９篇。     

中国化学会高分子科学创新奖实施条例

中国化学会高分子科学创新奖实施条例中国化学会前理事长、中国科学院院士、中国科学院化学研究所研究员钱人元先生于１９９４年１０月向本会损赠人民币６万元作为奖励基金，申请设立高分子科学创新奖。现已经本会第２３届理事会第６次常务理事会议讨论通过，特制订如下条...     

化工,石油产品及硅酸盐分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“化工、石油产品分析“课题的第四次评述，它评述了１９９１年７月至１９９３年６月国内关于化工产品分析、石油产品分析、硅酸盐分析及我国化工、石油产品标准的进展，共引用文献６４２篇。     

1994年梁树权奖获得者王小如教授

１９９４年梁树权奖获得者王小如教授１９４９年６月生，１９７５年毕业于兰州大学化学系，１９８１年在中科院长春应用化学研究所获硕士学位，１９８７年在美国麻省大学化学系获博士学位，１９８８．９—１９９０．９在厦门大学化学系从事博士后研究工作，１９９０．９至...     

环境试样分析

本文是《分析试验室》的定期评述中‘环境试样分析’的第６篇评论，它评论了从１９９６年１月至１９９７年１２月期间我国环境试样分析的进展，包括综述、大气分析、水分析、废水和沉积物分析、生物样品分析和有机污染物分析，引用了参考文献６２０篇。     

活化分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“活化分析”的第３篇文章，它对我国活化分析领域在１９９０年１１月～１９９４年６月的工作进展作了较全面的评述。内容包括活化分析方法学及其在生命、环境、地学、材料等领域中的应用，并展望了活化分析的发展趋势。     

Designing Medical,Point of Care Sensors to Aid Health Care Providers in Diagnosing and Managing Diseases: Addressing Pertinent Issues and Some Contemporary Opportunities

Point of care sensors play an important role in clinical medicine and are used daily to guide clinical decisions. This paper discusses clinical considerations in designing such devices for both the diagnosis and management of diseases as well as two contemporary needs for sensor development.     

Clinical quality vs analytical performance: what are the right targets and target values?

For optimal performance of laboratory tests, testing processes should be designed to provide clinically useful quality and QC procedures should be selected to assure that the necessary clinical quality is achieved in routine production. One important issue is how to define clinical quality. Today’s practice guidelines, quality regulations, and quality standards provide some targets for analytical quality, but they fail to adequately address clinical quality. Target values for precision and accuracy are not the same as clinical quality, though analytical performance certainly contributes to the clinical quality of test results. How can we proceed in our quest to improve quality when there are inconsistencies and inadequacies in the specifications found in practice guidelines, regulations, and standards? Today target values are often being set for the wrong targets. A better approach is possible if we focus on test interpretation guidelines to define clinical quality, then derive specifications for the accuracy and precision that are appropriate for the method, as well the QC rules and numbers of control measurements that are necessary to guarantee the desired quality will be achieved in routine operation of the testing process.     

定量蛋白质组学技术在阿尔茨海默症临床标志物遴选中的研究进展

阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种以行为功能紊乱、神经元逐渐丢失为主要特征的退行性疾病,它对人类的生活质量和生命造成了极大威胁.随着临床标志物(clinical biomarker)概念的提出和定量蛋白质组学的研究进展,对于促进AD病诊断、监测疾病进程以及评估现有治疗手段等方面提出了新的思路,但临床标志物的遴选存在许多技术难点.定量蛋白质组学利用其能够快速分析和准确鉴定疾病中功能蛋白的特点,大大提高了遴选临床标志物的效率.本文综述了定量蛋白质组学技术在遴选AD中临床标志物的应用进展.     

高压氧治疗糖尿病足的疗效分析

为观察高压氧(HBO)治疗糖尿病并发糖尿病足的临床疗效,HBO组36例患者在使用抗生素及局部换药等治疗的同时,采用HBO治疗;对照组34例患者仅使用抗生素及局部换药等治疗。结果表明,HBO组患者总的有效率为91.7%,而对照组总有效率为67.5%,两组的疗效有显著性差异(P<0.05)。HBO对糖尿病足有显著的疗效,值得临床进一步研究和应用。     

Recent advances in clinical microdialysis

Clinical microdialysis (MD) is a minimally invasive sampling technique that offers selective in-vivo measurement of free, active drug or biomolecule concentrations in human tissues and organs. From a regulatory perspective, MD can thus be seen as a suitable scientific tool that meets regulatory requirements for the study of tissue distribution or bioequivalence during drug development. From a clinical perspective, the use of MD in different applications has shown the potential to rationalize drug-dosing regimens and to influence clinical decision-making, although validation and correlation of MD-derived results with clinical response are required to promote routine clinical use of the technique. From an analytical perspective, highly sensitive analytical systems have increasingly become available for MD-sample analysis, and these have further improved the quality and the power of MD-derived information. Given the constant development in recent years, MD data might become an important part of new drug submissions and clinical treatment algorithms, and might positively influence patient benefit in the future.     

醋酸奥曲肽治疗肝硬化失代偿期上消化道出血的临床效果观察

目的醋酸奥曲肽治疗肝硬化失代偿期上消化道出血的临床效果。方法按照随机数字表法将60例肝硬化失代偿期上消化道出血患者均分为实验组和对照组,分别采取单纯垂体后叶素和醋酸奥曲肽+垂体后叶素治疗,比较两组患者治疗效果。结果实验组患者治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,差异具有显著性(P0.05);两组患者不良反应总发生率对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论醋酸奥曲肽+垂体后叶素治疗能够有效缩短肝硬化失代偿期上消化道出血止血时间,提高治疗效果,不良反应发生率低,临床应用价值较高。     

Patents and literature

The use of monoclonal antibodies for clinical applications has increased dramatically in the past few years. Monoclonal antibodies are used for the detection of bacterial and viral infections, determination of the presence and stage of cancer, and as diagnostics for the detection and quantitation of low molecular weight compounds of clinical and biochemical interest. The latter application has also taken place through the development of monoclonal antibody-based sensors. The ease of monoclonal antibody synthesis and their high degree of antigen specificity has made monoclonal antibodies ideal for the aforementioned clinical applications. Recent US patents and scientific literature on clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies are surveyed. Patent abstracts are summarized individually and a list of literature references are given.     

RNA-based therapeutics: current progress and future prospects

Recent advances of biological drugs have broadened the scope of therapeutic targets for a variety of human diseases. This holds true for dozens of RNA-based therapeutics currently under clinical investigation for diseases ranging from genetic disorders to HIV infection to various cancers. These emerging drugs, which include therapeutic ribozymes, aptamers, and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), demonstrate the unprecedented versatility of RNA. However, RNA is inherently unstable, potentially immunogenic, and typically requires a delivery vehicle for efficient transport to the targeted cells. These issues have hindered the clinical progress of some RNA-based drugs and have contributed to mixed results in clinical testing. Nevertheless, promising results from recent clinical trials suggest that these barriers may be overcome with improved synthetic delivery carriers and chemical modifications of the RNA therapeutics. This review focuses on the clinical results of siRNA, RNA aptamer, and ribozyme therapeutics and the prospects for future successes.     

Shotgun proteomics‐based clinical testing for diagnosis and classification of amyloidosis

Shotgun proteomics technology has matured in the research laboratories and is poised to enter clinical laboratories. However, the road to this transition is sprinkled with major technical unknowns such as long‐term stability of the platform, reproducibility of the technology and clinical utility over traditional antibody‐based platforms. Further, regulatory bodies that oversee the clinical laboratory operations are unfamiliar with this new technology. As a result, diagnostic laboratories have avoided using shotgun proteomics for routine diagnostics. In this perspectives article, we describe the clinical implementation of a shotgun proteomics assay for amyloid subtyping, with a special emphasis on standardizing the platform for better quality control and earning clinical acceptance. This assay is the first shotgun proteomics assay to receive regulatory approval for patient diagnosis. The blueprint of this assay can be utilized to develop novel proteomics assays for detecting numerous other disease pathologies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

胸痹心痛的中医诊疗研究进展

胸痹心痛的发病率逐年增加,严重危及中老年人的生命健康和生活质量。其临床表现、病因病机较为复杂,许多学者结合临床实际,提出实用性较强的辨证分型方法,从而提出诸多诊疗分型,既发扬了中医未病先防、既病防变的特点,也充分发挥了中医中药的优势。