基于生物敏感界面对重金属离子的检测研究进展

介绍了近年来重金属离子检测的研究现状,综述了电化学生物传感器在重金属离子检测中的应用及其在检测灵敏度、选择性、响应速度、易于操作与实时在线检测方面的优点,阐述了基于生物敏感界面构建的电化学生物传感器在重金属离子检测中的重要作用。分类讨论了国内外一些典型的特异性识别重金属的生物受体,如核酸类,蛋白质类有氨基酸、酶、抗原抗体,细胞微生物等用于构建敏感界面而开发的生物传感器在重金属离子检测领域的进展与成果,以及在构建敏感界面的过程中各种新型纳米材料如金属纳米粒子、碳纳米材料、纳米复合材料等的应用对传感器检测效果的影响。最后结合生物传感器的现状及相关学科的发展,展望了电化学生物传感器在重金属离子检测领域的发展方向。     

水凝胶pH传感器新技术的研究进展

pH值是许多领域的重要监测指标之一.许多化工生产中需要精确、 实时地监测pH值,生物化学和生物医学领域对微环境的pH值监测有较大的需求.水凝胶pH传感器是一种将响应型水凝胶与传感器结合的新型pH值监测技术,由于其具有微型化和智能性等特点,可应用于化学化工、生物医疗、环境检测等领域.本文综述了近年来水凝胶pH传感技术的研...     

纳米尺度和单分子水平上的化学生物学研究

化学生物学是化学与生命科学交叉融合的新兴学科。在纳米尺度和单分子水平上原位、活体、实时研究化学生物信息是化学生物学的重要研究方向。分析化学工作者利用纳米技术和分子生物学的最新研究成果 ,在这一研究方向取得了重要进展 ,为化学生物学的发展做出了积极贡献。本文重点介绍实验室利用生物亲和性核壳纳米颗粒和分子信标核酸探针所发展的一系列原位、活体、实时检测、分离生命体内痕量活性物质的新原理、新技术及其在化学生物学研究中的应用。     

微悬臂生物传感器

微悬臂生物传感器是基于原子力显微镜和生物传感器发展而来,具有无需标记、快速、实时、灵敏度高等优点,已广泛运用于生物医学、环境监测、医药、食品及军事等多个领域。微悬臂生物传感器已成为当前研究热点。本文对近年来微悬臂生物传感器的研究工作进行了综述,总结了微悬臂传感器中微悬臂梁的结构、工作模式、激励方法和检测方法。国内有关微悬臂传感器的综述多是着重于介绍微悬臂传感器的应用进展,而缺少对微悬臂传感器的检测方法或读出方式做全面而系统的介绍,本文不仅全面且系统地对微悬臂传感器的8种检测方法进行了详细的介绍和分析,还介绍了微悬臂梁的多种典型尺寸、外观和微悬臂传感器工作模式中的"热模式"。针对微悬臂传感器实现特定检测及提高灵敏度的目的,本文总结了微悬臂传感器的表面修饰方法,不仅介绍了国内外微悬臂生物传感器最新的应用动态,还介绍了一种具有自驱动自传感功能的新型微悬臂传感器,并对微悬臂生物传感器的应用前景作了探讨。     

对NO生理作用的新认识及其电化学实时检测

本文综述了近年来学术界对ＮＯ生理作用的新认识，并介绍了现场实时检测生物活体中释放的ＮＯ浓度的电化学方法．     

DNA电化学生物传感器在重金属快速检测中的研究进展

DNA电化学生物传感器是一类以DNA为敏感元件或检测对象,将核酸分子特异性识别过程中产生的信号通过换能器转化为电信号,从而实现对目标物定性或定量检测的传感器,具有响应速度快、操作简单、选择性好、灵敏度高、检测成本低等优点,实现了多领域中重金属、真菌毒素、核酸等的快速实时检测。介绍了DNA电化学生物传感器的组装单元、电化学指示剂类型,以DNA二级构型角度综述了DNA电化学生物传感器的四大类特殊结构,并汇总其在临床、中医药、生态环境保护及食品安全等领域中重金属的检测应用研究,对新型DNA电化学生物传感器的设计与其在更多领域的拓展应用提供借鉴价值。     

电化学生物传感器技术在重金属快速检测领域中的研究进展

电化学生物传感器因具有较高的选择性与灵敏度,较低的成本与易于携带等优点,已被广泛应用于各大领域中重金属的实时监测。介绍了4类电化学生物传感器在生态环境、食品安全、医药及临床样本等方面的应用情况,以期对电化学生物传感器的未来发展方向提供一定的理论依据。     

基于核酸的纸基荧光生物传感器的设计及应用

纸基生物传感器由于其具有成本低、操作方便、生物可降解、识别元件用量低等优点,近年来受到了广泛的关注。其中,以功能核酸作为识别元件的纸基荧光生物传感器具有较高的灵敏度、瞬时响应以及实时检测等特性,在便携式传感设备方面展现出巨大的潜力。此外,将核酸作为识别元件的纸基无细胞蛋白合成平台,通过条件合成的报告荧光蛋白可实现对病毒、重金属等目标物的特异性检测,具有良好的应用前景。首先,本文介绍了基于核酸的纸基荧光生物传感器的设计,特别是基于核酸的识别元件与纸基材料的结合方式。其次,总结了基于核酸的纸基荧光生物传感器在临床诊断、食品安全检测、环境污染物检测等不同领域的最新研究进展,讨论了其优势与局限性。最后,探讨了基于核酸的纸基荧光生物传感器的发展方向与应用前景,以期为相关领域的研究提供参考。     

生物传感器在POCT中的应用研究

即时检测（POCT）是在病人旁边或现场进行的检测,因其简单、快速、便携且不受场所限制已成为目前体外分子诊断技术发展的一支风向标。而生物传感器以其快速、灵敏、高效、便携及易于自动化、微型化等优点在发展现场即时检测技术中具有非常大的潜力。近年来,随着生物传感技术、互联网技术的发展及各种新技术、新方法的兴起和融合,POCT技术和方法得到了实质性发展。本文简要介绍了生物传感器的分类和生物传感器在POCT中的应用现状,综述了近年来各类生物传感器在面向POCT检测应用的研究进展。生物传感器根据类型主要分为基于微流控芯片的生物传感器、基于纸的生物传感器、基于纳米材料的生物传感器、基于手机检测平台的生物传感器及集成的生物传感器等,并对这些传感器平台在POCT检测方面的应用做了阐述,最后对生物传感器在POCT应用中存在的问题进行了讨论,并对其发展趋势及前景做了展望。     

柔性自支撑碳基复合电极在过氧化氢的电化学传感中的应用

随着人们对癌症早期诊断和治疗的重视,开发高效可靠的检测方法对细胞内生物活性物质进行原位实时监测意义重大,电化学生物传感系统因灵敏度高、检测速度快、稳定性和选择性好等优点,在H_2O_2检测中展现出重要的应用价值。H_2O_2是一种活性氧,与肿瘤细胞等的生理活动密切相关。开发检测癌症生物标志物H_2O_2的电化学生物传感系统有着巨大的应用前景。本文重点阐述了基于柔性自支撑碳基复合电极的电化学传感器在H_2O_2检测中的研究进展,并介绍了一些传感器在癌细胞检测中的应用。最后展望了其未来发展的机遇和挑战。     

Present and future of surface plasmon resonance biosensors

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are optical sensors exploiting special electromagnetic waves—surface plasmon-polaritons—to probe interactions between an analyte in solution and a biomolecular recognition element immobilized on the SPR sensor surface. Major application areas include detection of biological analytes and analysis of biomolecular interactions where SPR biosensors provide benefits of label-free real-time analytical technology. This paper reviews fundamentals of SPR affinity biosensors and discusses recent advances in development and applications of SPR biosensors.     

Electrochemical Sensing in Contact Lenses

Electrochemical sensors embedded in hydrogel-based contact lenses provide valuable health-related information, enabling non-invasive and real-time continuous monitoring. Recently, considerable progress has been made in tear based electrochemical sensors. The scope of reported analytes is continuously expanding. This review identifies key chemical biomarkers (including metabolites, ions, proteins) that can be electrochemically detected in tears. The working principles of i) amperometric enzymatic biosensors, ii) ion-selective sensors for pH and ions, iii) voltammetric sensors and iv) affinity sensors are summarized. This review provides guidelines for the future development of contact lens based electrochemical sensors.     

Engineering Design,Implementation, and Sensing Mechanisms of Wearable Bioelectronic Sensors in Clinical Settings

Wearable sensing devices have transformed the hourly analysis of events such as body signals and environmental risks into real-time monitoring in minutes or seconds. Wearable sensors have facilitated the ability to obtain useful data by monitoring the physiological parameters and activities of an aided and a healthy individual. Wearable devices employ detectable biomarkers in the human body, such as in tears, saliva, interstitial fluid, sweat, and so on. These can deliver relevant information on human health, online activity monitoring, and therapeutic treatments. This section outlines the significance of sample types and associated biomarkers as indicators in the development and manufacturing of wearable biosensors. We have emphasized the most recent advances of wearables based on skin-like and textile, giving attention to personalized health monitoring to record signals of motion and physiological and body fluid investigation. Furthermore, this review categorizes wearable biosensors based on the sensing mechanism, electrochemical, optical, and mechanical. Additionally, the recent wearables related to the detection of the newly havoc-causing pandemic, COVID-19, and the future perspective for the development of much more advanced and potent wearable biosensors have been highlighted. The final section highlights unmet difficulties and gaps in wearable sensors in personalized therapy.     

分子印迹-电化学发光技术研究进展

分子印迹-电化学发光技术具有分子印迹技术的高选择性及电化学发光技术的高灵敏性,以及发光易于调控、稳定性好、便于微型化和仪器操作简单等优点,已被广泛地应用于重金属检测、免疫传感技术、基因传感技术、酶传感技术、食品安全与药物分析等领域。该文结合本实验室的研究工作介绍了分子印迹电化学发光传感器的原理和构建思路。在此基础上,着重介绍了分子印迹电化学发光技术在食品安全与药物分析中的应用,并对其今后的研究趋势进行了展望。     

A New Trend on Biosensor for Neurotransmitter Choline/Acetylcholine—an Overview

Technology always has been an indispensible part in the development of biosensors. The performance of biosensors is being tremendously improved using new materials as transducer as well as binding material in their construction. The use of new materials allowed innovation on transduction technology in biosensor preparations. Because of the submicron dimensions of these sensors, simple and rapid analyses in vitro as well as in vivo are now possible. Portable instruments capable of analysing multiple components are becoming available, too. Sensors that provide excellent temporal and spatial resolution for in vivo monitoring such as for measurement of neurotransmitters have become prominent. The interest to improve the stability, sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors is paramount. This study tries to give an overview of the present status of the material-based biosensor design and new generation of choline/acetylcholine neurotransmitter biosensors.     

Optical sensors and biosensors based on sol-gel films

The sol-gel technology is being increasingly used for the development of optical sensors and biosensors, due to its simplicity and versatility. By this process, porous thin films incorporating different chemical and biochemical sensing agents are easily obtained at room temperature, allowing final structures with mechanical and thermal stability as well as good optical characteristics. In this article, an overview of the state-of-the-art of sol-gel thin films-based optical sensors is presented. Applications reviewed include sensors for determination of pH, gases, ionic species and solvents, as well as biosensors.     

非酶葡萄糖传感器电极材料构建策略

电化学传感器因具有灵敏度高、检测限低等优点而得到广泛应用,将非酶电化学传感器应用于葡萄糖浓度的检测具备重要的研究价值。以金属有机骨架、碳材料和导电聚合物为基底与金属及其衍生物复合,构建的纳米复合材料修饰电极对于葡萄糖的检测具有极高的灵敏度、较低的检测限和快速响应的能力,可应用于实际样品的检测。本文综述了近年来非酶葡萄糖电化学传感器的研究进展,通过对纳米复合材料的性能比较,为非酶葡萄糖传感器的构建提供思路。     

Biosensors in Drug Discovery and Drug Analysis

Abstract

Biosensors are, by definition, sensing devices comprising a biological component (enzyme, antibody, animal or plant cell, oligonucleotide, lipid, microorganisms, etc.) intimately connected to a physical transducer (electrode, optical fiber, vibrating quartz, etc.). This dual configuration permits a quantitative study of the interaction between a drug compound and an immobilized biocomponent. Ideally, biosensors should be readily implemented and allow for low reagent and energy consumption. Enzyme‐based biosensors can be applied in the pharmaceutical industry for monitoring chemical parameters in the production process (in bioreactors). Affinity biosensors are suitable for high‐throughput screening of bioprocess‐produced antibodies and for candidate drug screening. They are suitable for selective and sensitive immunoassays in clinical laboratories and for decentralized detection of drug residues. Enzyme‐based biosensors may be used in hospitals for bedside drug testing, emergency control, in patient treatment control (anticancer therapy) etc. Current research efforts are focused on proteins, tissues, or living cells immobilized in microfabricated configurations for high‐throughput drug screening and discovery. Such devices can comprise several different microelectronic sensors and biosensors sensitive, for example, to pH, temperature, impedance, dissolved oxygen, etc. for a multiparametric monitoring. Of equal new interest are the oligonucleotide‐immobilized biosensors for interactions studies between a surface linked DNA and the target drug or for hybridisation studies. This short review summarizes several recent trends dedicated to the development and application of biosensors in the pharmaceutical arena.     

纳米材料电化学与生物传感器——有机微污染物检测新途径

本文介绍了近年来纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的研究现状,分析了这些传感器中纳米材料修饰电极的特点,重点阐述了纳米材料在有机微污染物检测中的重要作用,列举了一些纳米材料电化学与生物传感器在有机微污染物检测中的应用。最后对纳米材料电化学与生物传感器用于有机微污染物的检测研究进行了简要评述和展望。     

In Vivo Electrochemical Biosensors for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection: A Mini-Review

Due to the significance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in numerous physiological processes including pathogen response, apoptosis, and induction of defense genes, various methods have been developed for their quantitative analysis. However, the conventional methods using exogenous tracers lack the capability to conduct real-time in vivo measurements. The electrochemical biosensors have shown their potentials for in vivo applications with the rapid and reagentless detection processes. In this article, electrochemical biosensors that are capable of making in vivo ROS detections are reviewed. The different configurations of these biosensors with corresponding strategies to enhance sensitivity and selectivity are discussed in detail. With further studies to promote the biosensor performance, these devices promise to provide more facile ways for ROS research in life sciences.