基于光-热-电耦合利用的薄膜热电器件结构优化

热电器件由于对热源要求低,因此可以用来提高太阳能发电系统的效率。in-plane型热电薄膜器件目前引起了较多学者的关注,本文针对热电薄膜器件的结构进行了改进。通过在热电薄膜中插入电极,使得更多的热量可以通过热电薄膜传递。结果表明改进后的结构可以有效提高热电器件的效率。减小单段热电薄膜的长度是提高效率的有效途径。增加电极长度可以略微提高热电器件的效率。     

太阳能与燃煤互补电站镜场布置研究

针对330 MWe太阳能与燃煤互补发电系统,利用抛物槽式太阳能集热系统汇聚300℃左右的太阳热能,替代蒸汽抽汽加热给水,对系统中太阳能镜场的布置及优化进行了深入研究.基于集热场运行工况,开发了太阳能集热场设计的模拟计算程序。探讨了镜场遮挡损失与集热器间距的关系;研究传热工质流速、太阳辐照强度对集热场布置的影响规律.在设计工况下,镜场集热量49 MW,镜场面积为1.39×10~5 m~2,占地面积4.19×10~5 m~2,镜场和场地面积比达到33.2%,优于当前槽式太阳能单独热发电22%~25%的水平.本文研究结果为太阳能与燃煤互补电站太阳能岛的设计提供了依据。     

热电器件综合性能表征系统及实验研究

基于直流瞬态Harman法测量热电器件优值系数原理,搭建热电器件综合性能表征实验系统,实现同时测量热电器件无量纲优值系数（ZT值）、Seebeck系数、电导率以及热导率,并通过Labview编程完成对实验系统的控制、数据采集、实时显示和处理。制作并改进具有夹层结构的热电器件,对此开展了性能测试评估。实验结果表明,室温下夹层结构热电器件ZT值小于常规Bi₂Te₃器件,但Seebeck系数比常规器件大;夹层结构器件电导率和热导率均大于常规器件值。     

槽式太阳能集热系统的实验研究

本文设计搭建了槽式太阳能集热系统性能测试平台,通过不同工况下的实验测试数据分析了影响槽式太阳能集热系统性能的主要因素;针对槽式集热器的瞬时效率、集热效率及换热器的热损失系数展开了实验测试与分析计算,讨论了工质流量变化对槽式集热系统性能的影响规律。实验结果表明:晴朗天气瞬时集热效率在0.35～0.65范围内变化,换热器热损失系数在1 W/(m~2·℃)以下,研究结果为槽式太阳能集热系统大规模应用提供一定参考价值。     

30m~2槽式太阳能集热器性能模拟研究

本文针对30 m~2槽式太阳能集热试验装置,对太阳能集热器的性能进行了模拟。分析了太阳能集热器光热转化过程,建立了太阳能能量转换与传递模型,并开发了模拟计算程序,研究了集热器关键结构参数和运行参数对集热性能的影响规律。具体考察了太阳辐照强度、工质流量、环境风速、吸热管管径等对集热效率的影响。结果表明:太阳能集热器的集热效率随太阳辐照强度的增加而增大,随工质流量的增加而增大,存在最佳的吸热管管径使得集热效率最大。研究结果将为太阳能集热器的设计提供参考依据。     

电流引线迫流冷却传热分析

如何降低电流引线向低温环境的漏热,是超导电力技术领域的一项重要课题.文中概述了电流引线研究进展,建立了电流引线迫流冷却传热模型,并分析了氮气迫流冷却作用,推导了电流引线温度分布和最优长度-横截面积比(ORLA)函数式.自然蒸发迫流冷却对最优长度-横截面积比(ORLA)影响较小.     

中温太阳能驱动甲烷化学链重整冷热电系统及性能研究

针对高温太阳能与天然气热化学互补分布式能源系统存在聚光比高、互补反应温度高、变工况性能不稳定的技术瓶颈,本文探索了一种能实现主动调控的中温太阳能与天然气互补的化学链重整冷热电联产系统。利用约500℃太阳热能驱动天然气基-氧化镍化学链重整,生成合成气太阳能燃料,通过燃气轮机冷热电联产系统,实现中温太阳能与天然气综合梯级利用.研究结果表明:在设计点工况条件下,系统的总能效率可达到80.9%,太阳能集热面积节约率达到53.2%,太阳能净发电效率可达27.3%.分析了关键参数如NiO和甲烷摩尔比(Ni/C)和太阳辐照强度(DNI)对系统热力学性能的影响。     

立式太阳能热气流电站涡轮机设计

在传统风力机的设计基础上,对适用于立式太阳能热气流电站的涡轮机进行了初步的理论设计,并利用FLUENT软件对所设计涡轮机的物理模型进行数值模拟,利用数值模拟的方法对涡轮机的叶型、安装角、叶根与叶尖之间的扭转角进行了优化,最终得到的涡轮机的能量转化效率比初步设计的模型的能量转化效率高,说明本文采用的数值模拟方法可以用于小型涡轮机的设计中,而且本文最终得到的涡轮机模型也可以利用于立式集热板太阳能热气流系统。     

槽式太阳能集热与化学热泵耦合的复合发电系统

本文提出了一种抛物槽式太阳能集热与化学热泵耦合的复合发电系统,对其热力性能进行了分析,并研究了反应器中反应蒸汽温度、镜场加热给水温度等关键运行参数对系统性能的影响。研究了太阳能特征参数对系统性能的影响规律,分析了太阳直射辐照强度(DNI)高于设计工况时,储能材料氧化钙的量与DNI的关系。设计工况下,系统输出功335.7 MW,热效率为30.4%,发电效率23.6%。所提出的系统,为解决槽式太阳能单独热发电系统蒸汽参数低导致动力循环热效率低的难题提供了新途径。     

太阳能热气流系统内传热与流动的实验模拟

构建了小尺寸太阳能热气流发电的实验模型,测定了系统的温度随时间和空间的分布,测定了烟囱内的速度随时间的变化关系.实验结果表明:集热棚内温度分布和季节对系统传热与流动特性的影响符合理论分析结果,而由于烟囱较薄,散热较高,在烟囱内的温度降低显著.     

Optimization of a New Design of Molten Salt-to-CO2 Heat Exchanger Using Exergy Destruction Minimization

One of the ways to make cost-competitive electricity, from concentrated solar thermal energy, is increasing the thermoelectric conversion efficiency. To achieve this objective, the most promising scheme is a molten salt central receiver, coupled to a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle. A key element to be developed in this scheme is the molten salt-to-CO₂ heat exchanger. This paper presents a heat exchanger design that avoids the molten salt plugging and the mechanical stress due to the high pressure of the CO₂, while improving the heat transfer of the supercritical phase, due to its compactness with a high heat transfer area. This design is based on a honeycomb-like configuration, in which a thermal unit consists of a circular channel for the molten salt surrounded by six smaller trapezoidal ducts for the CO₂. Further, an optimization based on the exergy destruction minimization has been accomplished, obtained the best working conditions of this heat exchanger: a temperature approach of 50 °C between both streams and a CO₂ pressure drop of 2.7 bar.     

Study of the performance of a thermoelectric generator transformation of the thermal energy conveyed by a heat transfer fluid into electrical energy

A mathematical model to predict the maximum energy conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric generator is developed to improve the performance and maximize the energy conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric power generator. The studied device corresponds to an original configuration of thermoelectric modules mounted on the peripheral surfaces of two channels, one of the channels is crossed by hot fluid and the other by a cold fluid. First, the effect of the flow rate was studied to choose the flow rate adapted to our study for three different configurations of the thermopile, the co-current configuration, the counter-current configuration, and the sandwich configuration. Then a comparison was made to choose the best configuration between these three studied configurations by addressing their thermoelectric performances. The results revealed that the sandwich configuration is much better than the co-current and counter-current configurations and reduces the surface area occupied by the TEG by half while generating more power than a solar panel.     

Study on effect of substituents grafted on cyclopenta-fused anthracences as the cascade material for improving ternary bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells

Searching alternatives to enhance the attainable conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics is one of the most crucial issues toward renewable energy source. Here, the model ternary organic solar cells systems were designed to improve the performance of P3HT/PC₆₁BM organic solar cells which promise a potential to large area and flexible fabrication, based on a group of cyclopent[hi]aceanthrylenes (CPAs) derivatives as the third cascade component in active layer of the device. In all of these solar cells, although all ternary structures containing a group of cyclopent[hi]aceanthrylene derivatives demonstrate the improvement of open-circuit voltage (V_OC) compared to binary device of P3HT/PC₆₁BM, the conversion efficiencies of these devices can not all be improved. This indicates the different influence on observable device metrics attributed by the different substituents around cyclopent[hi]aceanthrylene core. By extension, these results suggest that the ternary system used a simple one single active layer processing step can provide a potentially effective way to optimize the performance in BHJ solar cells.     

New device architecture of a thermoelectric energy conversion for recovering low-quality heat

Low-quality heat is generally discarded for economic reasons; a low-cost energy conversion device considering price per watt, $/W, is required to recover this waste heat. Thin-film based thermoelectric devices could be a superior alternative for this purpose, based on their low material consumption; however, power generated in conventional thermoelectric device architecture is negligible due to the small temperature drop across the thin film. To overcome this challenge, we propose new device architecture, and demonstrate approximately 60 Kelvin temperature differences using a thick polymer nanocomposite. The temperature differences were achieved by separating the thermal path from the electrical path; whereas in conventional device architecture, both electrical charges and thermal energy share same path. We also applied this device to harvest body heat and confirmed its usability as an energy conversion device for recovering low-quality heat.     

Thermoelectric energy conversion in layered structures with strained Ge quantum dots grown on Si surfaces

The efficiency of the energy conversion devices depends in many ways on the materials used and various emerging cost-effective nanomaterials have promised huge potentials in highly efficient energy conversion. Here we show that thermoelectric voltage can be enhanced by a factor of 3 using layer-cake growth of Ge quantum dots through thermal oxidation of SiGe layers stacked in SiO₂/Si₃N₄ multilayer structure. The key to achieving this behavior has been to strain the Ge/Si interface by Ge dots migrating to Si substrate. Calculations taking into account the carrier trapping in the dot with a quantum transmission into the neighboring dot show satisfactory agreement with experiments above ≈200 K. The results may be of interest for improving the functionality of thermoelectric devices based on Ge/Si.     

MEH-PPV与TiO2共混体系太阳电池性能分析

以MEH-PPV(poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene)为电子给体材料(Donor,D), TiO₂纳米线为电子受体材料(Acceptor,A),制成了共混体系太阳电池. 从D/A材料共混体系的紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、光荧光谱(PL)、器件的电荷传输的光导J-V图等方面,分析了MEH-PPV∶TiO₂体系器件性能变化的原因. 得出了当在纯MEH-PP 关键词： 太阳电池 聚合物 性能     

Correlation of band electronic structure with efficiency in perovskite solar cells with vanadium (Ⅳ) oxide thin film buffers

Perovskite solar cells have been studied extensively in the area of perovskite solar cells because they have a comparatively free hysteresis. Through fabrication of a perovskite solar cell based on a vanadium oxide buffer, this study clarified the mechanism of electron and hole transport in the laminated layer upon irradiation with light. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the Vanadium (Ⅳ) oxide (VO₂) sputtering process device was approximately 13% and with the spin-coating process was 8.5%. To investigate the physicochemical origin of such PCE differences depending on the process type, comprehensive band alignment and band structure analyses of the actual cell stacks were performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth measurements. Accordingly, it was found that the inconsistent valence band offset between the perovskite absorption layer and V₂O₅ layer as a function of the VO₂ process type caused a difference in the hole transport, resulting in the difference in the efficiency.     

Effect of rapid thermal oxidation on structure and photoelectronic properties of silicon oxide in monocrystalline silicon solar cells

This paper concerns the topic of surface passivation properties of rapid thermal oxidation on p-type monocrystalline silicon wafer for use in screen-printed silicon solar cells. It shows that inline thermal oxidation is a very promising alternative to the use of conventional batch type quartz tube furnaces for the surface passivation of industrial phosphorus-diffused emitters. Five minutes was the most favorable holding time for the rapid thermal oxidation growth of the solar cell sample, in which the average carrier lifetime was increased 19.4 μs. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the rapid thermal oxidation sample, whose structure was Al/Al-BSF/p-type Si/n-type SiP/SiO₂/SiN_x/Ag solar cell with an active area of 15.6 cm², contained an absorption peak at 1085 cm⁻¹, which was associated with the Si–O bonds in silicon oxide. The lowest average reflectance of this sample is 0.87%. Furthermore, for this sample, its average of internal quantum efficiency and conversion efficiency are respectively increased by 8% and 0.23%, compared with the sample without rapid thermal oxidation processing.     

Performance improvements of organic solar cell using dual cathode buffer layers

The present study deals with the effect of dual cathode buffer layer (CBL) on the performance of bilayer of 4,4′-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine] (TAPC) and fullerene (C70)-based organic solar cell (OSC) with low donor concentration. OSC devices with CBLs have been fabricated using thermal vapor deposition technique. We report the use of lithium fluoride (LiF) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) as CBLs. The insertion of LiF between C70 and aluminium (Al) electrode enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of device from 1.89% to 2.47% but quenching of photogenerated excitons is observed at interface of C70 and LiF layers. Incorporation of MoO₃ between LiF and Al electrode further enhances PCE of device to 3.51%. This has also improved the material quality and device properties, by preventing the formation of gap states and diminishing exciton quenching.     

Gradient doping simulation of perovskite solar cells with CH3NH3Sn1−xPbxI3 as the absorber layer

In this study, we built a perovskite solar cells(PSCs) model with a Au/CuSCN/CH₃NH₃Sn_1−xPb_xI₃/TiO₂/FTO glass structure using the SCAPS program and use polynomial fitting to obtain the relationship between the conduction/valence bands of CH₃NH₃Sn_1−xPb_xI₃ and the x value, which is more complex and accurate than that in any previous research. The influences of thickness, electron and hole mobilities, relative permittivity, effective conduction band density, effective valence band density, and the value of x on the solar cell performance are analyzed. Furthermore, we simulate the situation where the doping concentration changes with the absorption layer depth of the device and a special bandgap is formed. The power conversion efficiency of the device improves from 19.96% to 20.52%, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.776 V, a short-circuit current of 33.79 mA/cm², and a filling factor of 77.39% when double gradient doping is performed. The application value of gradient doping in the device absorption layer is obtained.