一端弹性支撑的串列双柱和并列双柱在气流中自由端的振幅响应

本文研究了一端弹性支撑的并列双柱和串列双圆柱在气流中自由端的振幅响应，与单圆柱相比，在小间距时，串列双圆柱中前柱的横向振幅受到较强的激励。而在大间距时，振幅受到抑制，特别当Ｌ／Ｄ＝３．５和４．０时，其振幅响应仅为单柱的１／３左右，而对于后柱，则在大间距时，纵向振幅响应有所增大，而且后柱的振幅响应要比前柱的大得多，而并列双圆柱的自由端振幅基本上受到抑制，在Ｔ／Ｄ＞３．０之后，干扰很快减小到接近单个圆     

圆柱绕流三维不稳定性的低维Galerkin法分析

利用低维Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ方法及Ｆｌｏｑｕｅｔ稳定性分析理论,计算分析了圆柱绕流的三维线性不稳定性．分析中构造了能较好描述尾迹区流动的周向基函数,建立了完备的合理的基函数组,改进了计算机算法．结果证实圆柱二维周期流对展向小扰动为不稳定的,正确地预计了出现三维长波不稳定性的临界雷诺数Ｒｅｃ＝１９０;扰动展向波长为λｃ一３．６ｄ．对雷诺数Ｒｅ为１８０,１９０两种工况下的圆柱三维绕流流场的计算进一步证实了这种流动的整体不稳定性．本文所预计的临界值比Ｎｏａｃｋ等人的结果更为精确,与Ｂａｒｋｌｅｙ等人的ＤＮＳ解一致,与Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍｓｏｎ的实验相符．     

等边布置三圆柱绕流的数值分析

用有限元方法对于等边三角形布置的三个相同直径的二维圆柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟，分别求得了在不同间距比下的流场分布和各圆柱的升、阻力系数以及斯托哈罗数。计算结果表明，小间距比情形下三圆柱之间的干扰是严重的，流动并不对称于中心轴线，而是偏向下游的某个圆柱。数值计算结果与有关文献和实验进行了对比，结果令人满意。     

虚拟边界法研究正交双圆柱及串列双圆球绕流

把Goldstein等人提出的虚拟边界法推广到三维情况,研究了 Re=150时不同间距下正交双圆柱绕流,和Re=250时不同间距下串列双 圆球绕流流场. 对于正交双圆柱绕流,当间距比大于3,下游圆柱对上游圆柱尾流的影响只 限定在下游圆柱的尾流所扫过的范围之内;当间距比小于等于3,下游圆柱对上游圆柱尾流 的影响扩大,下游圆柱尾流扫过区上下出现两排三维流向二次涡结构. 对于串列圆球绕流, 研究发现,在小间距比(L/D≈ 1.5)的情况下,由于上下游圆球尾流区的相互抑 制消除了压力不稳定性,整个流场呈现稳 态轴对称特征;间距比为2.0时,周向压力梯度诱发出流体的周向输运,流场呈现稳态非对 称性,但流场中存在特定的对称面;间距比增大到2.5后,绕流场开始周期振荡,原有的对 称面依旧存在;在间距比3.5时下游圆球下表面的涡结构强度有所减弱,导致占优频率发生 交替;间距比增至7.0时,整个流场恢复稳态特征,两圆球尾部同时出现双线涡,这时流场 对称面的位置发生了变动.     

小波浪高雷诺数时串列圆柱的波动压力

在２４０×１０５≤Ｒｅ≤５４０×１０５，２９４≤Ｋｃ×７８５，２５４×Ｌ／Ｄ×５０２的范围内实验研究了串列圆柱在规则波中迎浪前进时的波动压力、波动升力与波动阻力．实验模型由ＰＶＣ管加工制成，表面光滑．实验结果表明：在波流中，当Ｋｃ数较小而Ｒｅ数较高时，绕串列圆柱的流动与均匀流中的绕流有相似之处；随着Ｋｃ数和Ｒｅ数的增加，串列圆柱的柱间干扰效应会发生改变     

高雷诺数下多柱绕流特性研究

采用改进的延迟分离涡方法数值模拟了高雷诺数下的柱体绕流,包括单圆柱绕流、单方柱绕流、串列双圆柱绕流和串列双方柱绕流,研究了不同雷诺数下圆柱绕流与方柱绕流的水动力特性.计算结果与实验数据及其他文献的数值计算结果吻合良好,研究表明,单方柱绕流在2.0×10~3Re1.0×10~7范围内未出现类似于单圆柱绕流的阻力危机现象,其平均阻力系数C_d、升力系数均方根C'_1及斯特劳哈尔数S t维持在一定范围内波动.串列双圆柱绕流与串列双方柱绕流中,均选取L/D=2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5和4.0这五中间距比进行计算.串列双圆柱绕流中,当Re=2.2×10~4时,在3.0L/D3.5内存在一临界间距比(L_c/D)使得L_c/D前后上下游圆柱的升阻力系数发生跳跃性变化,且当L/DL_c/D时,下游圆柱的阻力系数为负数.而当Re=3.0×10~6时,则不存在临界间距比,且下游圆柱的阻力系数始终为正数.串列双方柱绕流在Re=1.6×10~4和Re=1.0×10~6两种工况下的临界间距比分别处于3.0L/D3.5和3.5L/D4.0区间内,且当L/DL_c/D时,两个雷诺数下的下游方柱阻力系数均为负数.     

绕旋转圆柱流动涡尾流结构和临界状态特性

采用作者提出的基于区域分解，有限差分法与涡法杂交的数值方法，结合高阶隐式差分格式，和以修正的不完全ＬＵ分解为预处理器的共轭梯度法作求解器，系统地研究了雷诺数Ｒｅ＝１０００，旋转速度比α∈（０．５，３．２５）范围内，绕旋转圆柱从突然起到充分发展，长时间内尾流旋涡结构和阻力，升力系数的变化规律，计算所得流动图案与实验流场显示符合很好。数值试验证帝了临界状态的存在，并首次给出了临界状态时的旋涡结构特性。     

分块法研究圆柱绕流升阻力

使用新的分块耦合方法，分别对单圆柱和串列双圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟．对于单圆柱绕流，低Re下计算所得到的定常涡尺寸与实验非常接近．对于串列双圆柱绕流，研究分析了改变双圆柱中心间距对上下游圆柱的升阻力系数和脉动频率所产生的影响，计算结果与实验非常吻合，为进一步研究涡致振动提供了依据．     

正方形排列四圆柱体绕流特性及互扰效应研究

基于计算流体动力学理论,运用大涡模拟方法对雷诺数Re=3900三维正方形排列四圆柱体结构群的绕流问题进行数值计算,主要分析来流攻角与间距比两个参数对四圆柱体结构群流体参数及流场模态的影响。结果表明:来流攻角与间距比均对四圆柱体结构群绕流特性有较强的影响;来流攻角θ=0°、22.5°、45°下,临界间距比分别为3.5、4.0、3.0;间距比的变化会导致下游圆柱表面压力系数分布发生改变;另一方面,间距比较小时,四圆柱体结构之间的互扰作用均以临近效应为主;随间距比增大,上游圆柱尾流对下游圆柱有显著影响,其互扰作用会转变尾激效应。     

高精度PPM格式在湍流燃烧中的应用

利用处理三维可压缩粘性流体流动问题中的沉浸边界法,并结合基于PPM方法的高精度TVD格式,对三维方形管道中部的圆柱火焰绕流及惰性气体绕流问题进行了数值模拟。计算湍流时采用大涡模拟(LES),化学反应速率采用EBU漩涡破碎模型。通过计算结果与实验结果的比较,发现高精度PPM格式能精确模拟两类圆柱绕流问题。计算中还发现,火焰圆柱绕流算例中,在火焰翻越圆柱前,由于燃烧的膨胀作用,使得火焰正面前的未燃气体流动并形成惰性气体绕流,这与无燃烧时的惰性气体绕流类似。但当火焰翻越圆柱过程中及完全翻越圆柱后,两种算例绕流流场出现明显变化。     

Unsteady incompressible flows past two cylinders in tandem and staggered arrangements

A stabilized finite element formulation is employed to study incompressible flows past a pair of cylinders at Reynolds numbers 100 and 1000 in tandem and staggered arrangements. Computations are carried out for three sets of cylinder arrangements. In the first two cases the cylinders are arranged in tandem and the distance between their centres is 2·5 and 5·5 diameters. The third case involves the two cylinders in staggered arrangement. The distance between their centres along the flow direction is 5·5 diameters, while it is 0·7 diameter in the transverse direction. The results are compared with flows past a single cylinder at corresponding Reynolds numbers and with experimental observations by other researchers. It is observed that the qualitative nature of the flow depends strongly on the arrangement of cylinders and the Reynolds number. In all cases, when the flow becomes unsteady, the downstream cylinder, which lies in the wake of the upstream one, experiences very large unsteady forces that may lead to wake-induced flutter. The Strouhal number, based on the dominant frequency in the time history of the lift coefficient, for both cylinders attains the same value. In some cases, even though the near wake of the two cylinders shows temporal periodicity, the far wake does not. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vortex Induced Vibrations of a Pair of Cylinders at Reynolds Number 1000

Vortex induced vibrations of two equal-sized cylinders in tandem and staggered arrangement placed in uniform incompressible flow is studied. A stabilized finite element formulation is utilized to solve the governing equations. The Reynolds number for these 2D simulations is 1000. The cylinders are separated by 5.5 times the cylinder diameter in the streamwise direction. For the staggered arrangement, the cross-flow spacing between the two cylinders is 0.7 times the cylinder diameter. In this arrangement, the downstream cylinder lies in the wake of the upstream one and therefore experiences an unsteady inflow. The wake looses its temporal periodicity, beyond a few diameters downstream of the front cylinder. The upstream cylinder responds as an isolated single cylinder while the downstream one undergoes disorganized motion. Soft-lock-in is observed in almost all the cases.     

基于浸入边界-格子Boltzmann通量求解法的椭圆柱流动特性分析

基于浸入边界-格子Boltzmann通量求解法,开展了雷诺数Re=100不同几何参数下单椭圆柱及串列双椭圆柱绕流流场与受力特性对比研究。结果表明,随长短轴比值的增加,单椭圆柱绕流阻力系数先减小后缓慢上升,最大升力系数则随长短轴比值的增大而减小;尾迹流动状态从周期性脱落涡到稳定对称涡。间距是影响串列圆柱及椭圆柱流场流动状态的主要因素,间距较小时,串列圆柱绕流呈周期性脱落涡状态,而椭圆柱则为稳定流动;随着间距增加,上下游圆柱及椭圆柱尾迹均出现卡门涡街现象,且串列椭圆柱临界间距大于串列圆柱。串列椭圆柱阻力的变化规律与圆柱的基本相同,上游平均阻力大于下游阻力;上游椭圆柱阻力随着间距的变大先减小,下游随间距的变大而增加,当间距达到临界间距时上下游阻力跃升,随后出现小幅度波动再逐渐增加,并趋近于相同长短轴比值下单柱体绕流的阻力。     

Numerical predictions for unsteady viscous flow past an array of cylinders

The unsteady two-dimensional flow around an array of circular cylinders submerged in a uniform onset flow is analysed. The fluid is taken to be viscous and incompressible. The array of cylinders consists of two horizontal rows extending to infinity in the upstream and downstream directions. The centre-to-centre distance between adjacent cylinders is fixed at three diameters, and the rows are staggered. Advantage is taken of spatially periodic boundary conditions in the flow direction. This reduces the computational domain to a rectangular region surrounding a single circular cylinder. Two cases, for Reynolds numbers of 1000 and 10,000, are presented.     

Forced‐convection heat transfer from tandem square cylinders in cross flow at low Reynolds numbers

This paper presents the results of a numerical study on the flow characteristics and heat transfer over two equal square cylinders in a tandem arrangement. Spacing between the cylinders is five widths of the cylinder and the Reynolds number ranges from 1 to 200, Pr=0.71. Both steady and unsteady incompressible laminar flow in the 2D regime are performed with a finite volume code based on the SIMPLEC algorithm and non‐staggered grid. A study of the effects of spatial resolution and blockage on the results is provided. In this study, the instantaneous and mean streamlines, vorticity and isotherm patterns for different Reynolds numbers are presented and discussed. In addition, the global quantities such as pressure and viscous drag coefficients, RMS lift and drag coefficients, recirculation length, Strouhal number and Nusselt number are determined and discussed for various Reynolds numbers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spontaneous symmetry-breaking in the 3-D wake of a long cylinder simulated by the lattice gas method and drag coefficient measurements

We present a direct numerical simulation by the lattice gas method of the three-dimensional non-stationary incompressible flow at a Reynolds number of 74, past a circular cylinder, with a uniform incident flow. We describe the three-dimensional structure and the time-evolution of the wake, which leads to an oblique vortex shedding situation.We also present early results on measurements of drag coefficients for spheres and cylinders at a Reynolds number of 20.     

On the origin of wake-induced vibration in two tandem circular cylinders at low Reynolds number

We numerically investigate flow-induced vibrations of circular cylinders arranged in a tandem configuration at low Reynolds number. Results on the coupled force dynamics are presented for an isolated cylinder and a pair of rigid cylinders in a tandem configuration where the downstream cylinder is elastically mounted and free to vibrate transversely. Contrary to turbulent flows at high Reynolds number, low frequency component with respect to shedding frequency is absent in laminar flows. Appearance and disappearance of the vorticity regions due to reverse flow on the aft part of the vibrating cylinder is characterized by a higher harmonic in transverse load, which is nearly three times of the shedding frequency. We next analyze the significance of pressure and viscous forces in the composition of lift and their phase relations with respect to the structural velocity. For both the isolated and tandem vibrating cylinders, the pressure force supplies energy to the moving cylinder, whereas the viscous force dissipates the energy. Close to the excitation frequency ratio of one, the ratio of transverse viscous force to pressure force is found to be maximum. In addition, movement of stagnation point plays a major role on the force dynamics of both configurations. In the case of isolated cylinder, displacement of the stagnation point is nearly in-phase with the velocity. During vortex-body interaction, the phase difference between the transverse pressure force and velocity and the location of stagnation point determines the loads acting on the cylinder. When the transverse pressure force is in-phase with velocity, the stagnation point moves to higher suction region of the cylinder. In the case of the tandem cylinder arrangement, upstream vortex shifts the stagnation point on the downstream cylinder to the low suction region. Thus a larger lift force is observed for the downstream cylinder as compared to the vibrating isolated cylinder. Phase difference between the transverse load and the velocity of the downstream cylinder determines the extent of upstream wake interaction with the downstream cylinder. When the cylinder velocity is in-phase with the transverse pressure load component, interaction of wake vortex with the downstream cylinder is lower compared to other cases considered in this study. We extend our parametric study of tandem cylinders for the longitudinal center-to-center spacing ranging from 4 to 10 diameter.     

上游静止方柱尾流对下游方柱体尾激振动效应影响

基于半隐式特征线分裂算子有限元法,对低雷诺数下串列布置上游静止方柱--下游双自由度运动方柱体结构的尾激振动问题进行了研究.首先与现有文献结果进行对比验证该方法的正确性.然后着重分析了雷诺数($Re$)与折减速度$(U_{\rm r})$两个关键参数对下游方柱尾激振动响应的影响,同时将计算结果与单方柱工况进行了对比. 数值计算结果表明,雷诺数和折减速度对下游方柱的振幅、振动频率和运动轨迹等动力响应特性的影响较大.随着雷诺数的增大,双柱系统的互扰效应从以涡激效应为主逐渐转变为尾激效应发挥主导作用,从而导致下游方柱的振动响应增强.单方柱工况结构运动轨迹均呈"8"字形. 然而,下游方柱的运动轨迹会随着雷诺数的增加而变得复杂.雷诺数较小时($Re\!=\!40$, 80),下游方柱的运动轨迹基本为"8"字形. 雷诺数较大时($Re\!=\!120$, 160,200), 下游方柱的运动轨迹会出现双"8"字形. 同时,下游方柱的尾流场特性主要呈现2S, 2S*, 2P, 2T, P+S和稳态6种模式.最后, 通过对流场特性进行分析,揭示了串列双方柱系统尾激振动效应的作用机理.      

ONSET OF ASYMMETRY: FLOW PAST CIRCULAR AND ELLIPTIC CYLINDERS

A computational study of the development of two- dimensional unsteady viscous incompressible flow around a circular cylinder and elliptic cylinders is undertaken at a Reynolds number of 10,000. A higher- order upwind scheme is used to solve the Navier–Stokes equations by the finite difference method in order to study the onset of computed asymmetry around bluff bodies. For the computed cases the ellipses develop asymmetry much earlier than the circular cylinder. The receptivity of the computed flows in the presence of discrete roughness and surface vibration is studied. Finally, the role of discrete roughness in triggering asymmetry for flow past a circular cylinder is studied and compared with flow visualization experiments at Re=10,000     

Wake flow pattern modified by small control cylinders at low Reynolds number

Passive wake control behind a circular cylinder in uniform flow is studied by numerical simulation for Re_D ranging from 80 to 300. Two small control cylinders, with diameter d/D=1/8, are placed at x/D=0.5 and y/D=±0.6. Unlike the 1990 results of Strykowski and Sreenivasan, in the present study, the vortex street behind the main cylinder still exists but the fluctuating lift and the form drag on the main cylinder reduces significantly and monotonously as the Reynolds number increases from 80 to 300. Obstruction of the control cylinders to the incoming flow deflects part of the fluid to pass through the gap between the main and control cylinders, forming two symmetric streams. These streams not only eliminate the flow separation along the rear surface of the main cylinder, they also merge toward the wake centerline to create an advancing momentum in the immediate near-wake region. These two effects significantly reduce the wake width behind the main cylinder and lead to monotonous decrease of the form drag as the Reynolds number increases. As the Reynolds number gets higher, a large amount of the downstream advancing momentum significantly delays the vortex formation farther downstream, leading to a more symmetric flow structure in the near-wake region of the main cylinder. As the Reynolds number increases from 80 to 300, both increasing symmetry of the flow structure in the near-wake and significant delay of the vortex formation are the main reasons for the fluctuating lift to decrease monotonously.