Generation of GHZ-like and cluster-like quadripartite entangled states for continuous variable using a set of quadrature squeezed states

We designed the experimental generation system of the optical GHZ-like and cluster-like quadripartite entangled states for continuous variables. We theoretically demonstrated that the two different types of quadripartite entangled states can be obtained by the linearly optical transformation of four amplitude-quadrature and phase-quadrature squeezed states produced from a pair of nondegenerate optical parametric amplifiers under appropriate phase relations. The criteria for full inseparability of quadripartite cluster-like state were deduced, and the dependency of the quadripartite entanglement on the initial squeezing degree, the transmission efficiencies of the system and the detection efficiency of homodyne detection were numerically calculated. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10674088 and 60608012) and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No. IRT0516)     

Quantum entanglement and quantum operation

It is a simple introduction to quantum entanglement and quantum operations. The authors focus on some applications of quantum entanglement and relations between two-qubit entangled states and unitary operations. It includes remote state preparation by using any pure entangled states, nonlocal operation implementation using entangled states, entanglement capacity of two-qubit gates and two-qubit gates construction. Supported by the National Fundamental Research Program of China (Grant No. 2001CB309306), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60621064 and 10674127) and the Innovation Funds from Chinese Academy of Sciences     

Entanglement capacity of two-qubit unitary operator for rank two mixed states

The entanglement capacity of two-qubit unitary operator acting on rank two mixed states in concurrence is discussed. The condition of perfect entangler is the same as that acting on pure states and the entanglement capacity is the mixing parameter v1. For non-perfect entangler, the upper and lower bound of the entanglement capacity are given.     

Remote Preparation of a Two-Particle Entangled State via Two Tripartite <Emphasis Type="Italic">W</Emphasis> Entangled States

We present a scheme for remotely preparing a general two-particle entangled state via two tripartite W entangled states of different amplitudes. In this scheme one sender and two remote receivers are involved. The sender can help either one of the receivers to remotely reconstruct the original state with the aid of the other receiver’s two single-particle orthogonal measurements. It is shown that by means of the method of the positive operator-valued measurement, our remote state preparation scheme can be achieved probabilistically. This project supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China under Grant No. 2006CB921604 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60578050 and 10434060.     

Optimal controlled teleportation via several kinds of three-qubit states

The probability of successful controlled teleportation of an unknown qubit using a general three-particle state is investigated. The analytic expressions of maximal probabilities via several kinds of tripartite states are given, including a tripartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state and a tripartite W-state. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10671054), the Key Project of Science and Technology Research of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 207011), and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. 07M006)     

Quantum secret sharing between multiparty and multiparty with four states

A protocol of quantum secret sharing between multiparty and multiparty with four states was presented. It was shown that this protocol can nullify the Trojan horse attack with a multi-photon signal, the fake-signal attack with Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs, the attack with single photons, and the attack with invisible photons. In addition, the upper bounds of the average success probabilities were given for dishonest agent eavesdropping encryption using the fake-signal attack with any two-particle entangled states. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10671054), the Key Project of Science and Technology Research of Education Ministry of China (Grant No. 207011) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant Nos. A2005000140 and 07M006)     

An efficient quantum secret sharing protocol with orthogonal product states

An efficient quantum secret sharing protocol with orthogonal product states in the 33 Hilbert space is presented. The particles in the orthogonal product states form two particle sequences. One sequence is sent to Bob and the other is sent to Charlie after rearranging the particle orders. With the help of Alice, Bob and Charlie make the corresponding local measurement to obtain the information of the or- thogonal product states prepared. This protocol has many distinct features such as great capacity and high efficiency.     

Decoherence-immune generation of highly entangled states for two atoms

This paper proposes a decoherence-immune scheme for generating highly entangled states for two atoms trapped in a cavity. The scheme is based on two resonant atom-cavity interactions. Conditional upon the detection of no photon, the two atoms may exchange an excitation via the first resonant interaction, which leads to entanglement. Due to the loss of the excitation, the two atoms are in a mixed entangled state. With the help of an auxiliary ground state not coupled to the cavity mode, the state related to the excitation loss is eliminated by the detection of a photon resulting from the second resonant interaction. Thus, the fidelity of entanglement is almost not affected by the decoherence.     

Generalized two-mode coherent-entangled state with real parameters

The coherent-entangled state |α, x; λ> with real parameters λ is proposed in the two-mode Fock space, which exhibits the properties of both the coherent and entangled states. The completeness relation of |α, x; λ> is proved by virtue of the technique of integral within an ordered product of operators. The corresponding squeezing operator is derived, with its own squeezing properties. Furthermore, generalized P-representation in the coherent-entangled state is constructed. Finally, it is revealed that superp...     

Generation of two-mode SU(2) and SU(1,1) cat states in a two-dimensional anisotropic ion trap

A scheme is proposed for generating two-mode SU(2) and SU(1,1) cat states for an ion trapped in a two-dimensional (2D) anisotropic harmonic potential trap. In the scheme the ion is excited by two laser beams in the trap plane. After an interaction time, a measurement on the internal state collapses the ion motion onto a superposition of two SU(2) or SU(1,1) coherent states depending on the laser frequencies. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60008003, Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. K20004 and F0110027, and Funds from Fuzhou University.     

Scheme for Generation of Maximally Entangled States via Entanglement Swapping

Based on two atoms and two cavities initially in two pairs of atom-photon nonmaximally entangled states, we propose a relatively simple scheme to create maximally entangled photon-photon and atom-photon states via entanglement swapping using techniques of cavity QED inspired by the scheme proposed in [Phys. Rev. A 71 (2005)044302] and [Phys. Rev. A 71 (2005) 034312]. Our scheme does not involve the measurement in Bell basis, we only require detecting the states of atoms.     

Pairwise entanglement and local polarization of Heisenberg model

The characteristics of pairwise entanglement and local polarization (LP) are discussed by studying the ground state (states) of the Heisenberg XX model. The results show that: the ground state (states) is (are) composed of the micro states with the minimal polarization (0 for even qubit and 1/2 for odd qubit); LP and the probability of the micro state have an intimate relation, i.e. the stronger the LP, the smaller the probability, and the same LP corresponds to the same probability; the pairwise entanglement of the ground state is the biggest in all eigenvectors. It is found that the pairwise entanglement is decreased by the state degeneracy and the system size. The concurrence approaches a fixed value of about 0.3412 (for odd-qubit chain) or 0.3491 (for even-qubit chain) if the qubit number is large enough. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10547008, 90403034, 90403019, 90406017 and 60525417), the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 2005CB724508 and 2006CB921400), the Foundation of Xi’an Institute of Post and Telecommunications (Grant No. 105-0414), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 2004A15)     

Scheme for Generation of Maximally Entangled States via Entanglement Swapping

Based on two atoms and two cavities initially in two pairs of atom-photon nonmaximally entangled states, we propose a relatively simple scheme to create maximally entangled photon-photon and atom-photon states via entanglement swapping using techniques of cavity QED inspired by the scheme proposed in [Phys. Rev. A 71 （2005） 044302] and [Phys. Rev. A 71 （2005） 034312]. Our scheme does not involve the measurement in Bell basis, we only require detecting the states of atoms.     

远程制备双原子纠缠态

提出一种远程制备双原子纠缠态的方案,该方案基于两个原子与单模腔场的同时非共振相互作用.由于双粒子纠缠态比三粒子纠缠态容易制备,方案用两对双原子纠缠态作为量子通道.Alice 拥有的两个相同原子同时与一单模腔场非共振相互作用.Alice已知她要制备的纠缠态,她选择适当的相互作用时间、测量她所拥有的两个原子并通过经典通道通知Bob.Bob引入一个相同的辅助原子和一个单模腔场来实现方案.方案对腔场状态和腔损耗不敏感,基于当前的腔QED 技术,方案能在实验上实现.该方案有望在量子信息过程中有重要的应用价值.     

Quantum secret sharing between <Emphasis Type="Italic">m</Emphasis>-party and <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-party with six states

A quantum secret sharing scheme between an m-party group and an n-party group is proposed using three conjugate bases. A sequence of single photons, each of which is prepared in one of the six states, is used directly to encode classical information in the quantum secret sharing process. In this scheme, each of all m members in group 1 chooses randomly his/her own secret key individually and independently, and directly encodes his/her respective secret information on the states of single photons via unitary operations, then the last one sends 1/n of the resulting qubits to each member of group 2. By measuring their respective qubits, all members in group 2 share the secret information shared by all members in group 1. It renders impossible a Trojan horse attack with a multi-photon signal, a fake-signal attack with EPR pairs, an attack with single photons, and an attack with invisible photons. We give the upper bounds on the average success probabilities for dishonest agent eavesdropping encryption using the fake-signal attack with any two-particle entangled states. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10671054), the Key Project of Science and Technology Research of Education Ministry of China (Grant No. 207011) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant Nos. 07M006 and F2009000311)     

Enhanced continuous-variable entanglement by a pair of nonlinearly coupled waveguides

We seek to analyze a three-level cascade laser with a pair of nonlinearly coupled waveguides inside the cavity. Applying the pertinent master equation, we investigate the squeezing and entanglement properties intracavity produced by our system. It is shown that with the help of nonlinearly coupled waveguides highly squeezed as well as macroscopic entangled light with high intensity can be achieved. Supported by the Natural Science Youth Teacher Foundation of Xuzhou Institute of Technology (Grant No. XKY2007317)     

利用纠缠交换制备原子-原子最大纠缠态

基于腔量子电动力学(QED)提出一种利用两对纠缠的级联型三能级原子与单模腔场系统制备原子-原子最大纠缠态的简单方案,最初两原子之间、两腔场之间互不纠缠,使其中一个原子与一个腔场发生作用,即纠缠交换,该过程仅需对单个腔场态测量就可实现从未有直接作用的两个原子之间的纠缠,精确控制原子与腔场的相互作用时间可获得具有最大保真度的纠缠态.该方案可以延长腔的有效泄漏时间,从而能有效克服光腔的消相干的影响,这样大大降低了系统对腔的品质的要求.     

Bell态原子与双模纠缠相干光场相互作用的纠缠特性

运用Negativity熵研究了Bell态原子与双模纠缠相干光场相互作用系统中两个全同二能级原子之间的纠缠演化特性.分析了光场强度、光场纠缠度及原子间相互作用强度对纠缠的影响.结果表明:原子处于|β11〉时,两原子始终处于最大纠缠态;原子处于|β00〉时,初始纠缠的两原子始终较长时间处于退纠缠状态;原子处在|β10〉时,增大双模光场的平均光子数可以明显增大两原子之间的纠缠度并保持较大的纠缠状态;原子初态处在|β01〉时,原子间的相互作用强度对双原子间纠缠度有较显著的非线性调制作用.     

Threshold quantum secret sharing between multi-party and multi-party

A threshold quantum secret sharing (TQSS) scheme between multi-party and multi-party was proposed using a sequence of single photons, which is useful and efficient when the parties of communication are not all present. We described the process of this TQSS scheme and discussed its security. It was shown that entanglement is not necessary for quantum secret sharing. Moreover, the theoretic efficiency was improved to approach 100% as almost all the instances can be used for generating the private key, and each photon can carry one bit of information. This protocol is feasible with the present-day technique. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(Grant No. 2007CB311100), the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006AA01Z419 and 2006AA01Z440), the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90604023), the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (Grant No. KM200810005004), the Scientific Research Foundation for the Youth of Beijing University of Technology (Grant No. 97007016200701), the Doctoral Scientific Research Activation Foundation of Beijing University of Technology (Grant No. 52007016200702), the ISN Open Foundation, and the National Laboratory for Modern Communications Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 9140C1101010601)     

Generation of multipartite entangled states by cavity QED

We propose the methods of generating multipartite entanglement by considering the interaction of a system of N two-level atoms in M cavities of high quality factor with a strong classical driving field. It is shown that, with the cavity detuning, the applied driving field detuning and vacuum Rabi coupling, we can produce an entangled coherent state in two single-mode cavities and generate the entangled coherent cluster states in two bimodal vacuum cavities. Tuning these parameters also allows us to acquire the anti-Jaynes-Cummings （AJC） interaction, with which we can generate the maximally two-photon entangled states, and the two-atom and the two-photon entangled cluster states.