水溶液交换法制备的(Li,Na)-LSX沸石骨架中Li~+分布

采用水溶液交换法对Na-LSX沸石进行Li+交换,通过改变交换次数制备出不同交换度的低硅铝比X型[(Li,Na)-LSX]沸石分子筛,并对其进行XRD、FT-IR、TG-DSC、SEM和NMR等表征和分析,重点考察了Na-LSX分子筛在Li+交换前后的结构变化情况,以及不同交换度的(Li,Na)-LSX沸石分子筛骨架中Li+的分布。结果表明随着Li+交换度的增加,LSX分子筛的晶胞常数减小,热稳定性有所下降,Li+进入骨架中的顺序依次为S2>S3>S5。     

甲烷氧化偶联制乙烯Li—ZrO2,Li—La2O3催化剂的研究

研究了添加Li的La_2O_3和ZrO_2两种催化剂对甲烷氧化偶联催化性能的影响,并用XRD,LRS和XPS等方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Li~+的加入提高了催化剂的C_2选择性,但两类催化剂上Li~+的添加作用机制不同。La_2O_2加入Li~+达40mol％时,样品可获得34.4％的甲烷转化率和60.4％的C_2选择性。Li~+在La_2O_3表面分散,表面O/(Li+La)比随Li~+添加量增加而下降。催化剂对C_2选择性的提高可能是因为Li~+覆盖了La_2O_3表面部分完全氧化中心所致。ZrO_2中添加Li~+有Li_2ZrO_3生成,75mol％Li-ZrO_2仅检测到Li_2ZrO_3晶相,该样品可得34％甲烷转化率和63％C_2选择性。样品的XRD及XPS研究表明,随Li~+加入量增加,表面Li/Zr比接近2:1,没有Li的富集,样品表面存在两种氧物种,其O_1s结合能分别为530.3和531.9eV。对75mol％Li—ZrO_2样品,后者占95％,该表面氧物种可能与C_2选择性提高有关。     

亮氨酸-脑啡肽结合H~+和Li~+的氢氘交换实验与理论研究

气相氢氘交换质谱(HDX-MS)实验与量子化学计算结合,比较了亮氨酸-脑啡肽(YGGFL)结合H~+和Li~+的反应和结构差异性。HDX-MS结果表明,在相同的实验条件下,[YGGFL+Li]~+在交换5个氢原子后,氢氘同位素反应趋于停止,而[YGGFL+H]~+上的9个可交换氢原子均可发生交换。这表明Li~+会降低脑啡肽的氢氘交换率。理论计算发现,两种离子具有不同的最稳定结构:Li~+与脑啡肽肽上的4个羰基氧原子结合能量最低,而脑啡肽氨基端发生质子化后产生最稳定的[YGGFL+H]~+。基于此稳定结构,实验进一步从离子结构差异性和质子亲和势等方面对HDX实验结果进行了分析。     

低交换容量阳离子交换树脂的制备及离子色谱分离性能的考察

本文制备了用于离子色谱的大孔型和微孔型两类低交换容量阳离子交换树脂。考察了表面磺化反应条件(温度、时间)与交换容量之间的变化关系及具有各种交换容量的以上两种树脂在抑制型离子色谱上对Li~+、Na~+、NH_4~+、K~+四种一价阳离子的分离效果。实验结果表明:大孔型树脂对四种离子的分离效果优于微孔型,Li~+—Na~+两者的分离度为1.35。之外,文中还计算了具有不同交换容量的表面磺化树脂的磺化层厚度。     

Na~+,Li~+,Bi~(3+)掺杂CaWO_4∶Eu~(3+)荧光粉的制备及发光特性

采用微波辅助加热法合成了Na~+,Li~+,Bi~(3+)掺杂的CaWO_4∶Eu~(3+)荧光粉.利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对样品的微观结构进行了表征,利用荧光分光光度仪对样品的激发光谱、发射光谱和能级寿命进行了测试和分析.结果表明,掺杂浓度(摩尔分数)均为3.75%的Eu~(3+),Na~+,Li~+,Bi~(3+)掺杂的CaWO_4均保持了基质的四方晶相结构.Na~+,Li~+,Bi~(3+)单掺杂或共掺杂后的样品比CaWO_4∶Eu~(3+)样品颗粒度分别有不同程度的增加.在393 nm光激发下,掺杂Eu~(3+),Na~+及掺杂Eu~(3+),Li~+样品的发光强度比CaWO_4∶Eu~(3+)的发光强度分别提高了1.8倍和1.2倍,共掺杂Eu~(3+),Li~+,Na~+及Eu~(3+),Li~+,Bi~(3+)的样品发光均有所减弱.在254和393 nm光激发下,掺杂Li~+的CaWO_4∶Eu~(3+)样品的荧光寿命最短.同一样品在393 nm光激发下的荧光寿命短于254nm光激发下的荧光寿命.     

CaWO_4∶xEu~(3+),ySm~(3+),zLi~+红色荧光粉的制备及光学性能

采用微波固相法制备了CaWO_4∶xEu~(3+),ySm~(3+),zLi~+红色荧光粉。测量样品的XRD图、激发谱、发射谱及发光衰减曲线,研究并分析了Eu~(3+)、Sm~(3+)、Li~+的掺杂浓度,对样品微结构、光致发光特性、能量传递及能级寿命的影响。结果表明,Eu~(3+)、Sm~(3+)、Li~+掺杂并未引起合成粉体改变晶相,仍为CaWO_4单一四方晶系结构。Eu~(3+)、Sm~(3+)共掺样品中,Sm~(3+)掺杂为3%时,Sm~(3+)对Eu~(3+)的能量传递最有效。Li~+掺杂起到了助熔剂和敏化剂的作用,使样品发光更强。在394 nm激发下,与CaWO_4∶3%Eu~(3+)样品比较,3%Eu~(3+)、3%Sm~(3+)共掺CaWO_4及3%Eu~(3+)、3%Sm~(3+)、1%Li~+共掺CaWO_4样品的发光分别增强2倍及2.4倍。同一激发波长下,单掺Eu~(3+)样品寿命最短,Sm~(3+)、Eu~(3+)共掺样品随Sm~(3+)浓度增加,寿命先减小后增加,且掺杂了Li~+的样品比不掺Li~+的样品~5D_0能级寿命有所增加。     

Ca2+交换的几种分子筛的氮氩分离性能

采用水溶液离子交换法制备了Ca2+交换的4A,13X和LSX分子筛,并在25 ℃下测定了它们的静态吸附等温线和动态穿透曲线.研究发现, Ca2+交换的4A,13X和LSX分子筛对氮的吸附性能都明显优于其相应的钠型分子筛,而它们对氩的吸附量变化不大,说明Ca2+交换的这三种分子筛是较好的氮氩分离吸附剂.从动态吸附的结果来看,所研究的各种分子筛都有一个最优的吸附分离压力,在本论文研究的压力范围内,这个最优压力在0.6 MPa附近.由穿透曲线可推算出混合气体的吸附量,通过氮和氩在混合气体中的吸附量和相应纯气体吸附量的对比可以得出,对于氮氩吸附选择性较高的分子筛,氮的存在对氩的吸附量有较大的影响.     

碱金属离子X型沸石的固相离子交换及其催化性能的研究

本文考察了水合13X沸石与碱金属盐类间的固相离子交换反应,并对交换样品的比表面、孔容和异丙醇分解反应活性进行了测定。结果表明,这种类型的固相离子交换在室温下即可发生。体积较大的Cs^+比K^+难于交换,高温焙烧有利于有提高Cs^+的交换度。固相交换样品的比表面、孔容变化和异丙醇分解反应活性都与液相交换样品相同,只是交换度的函数,与交换方法无关。与K^+交换样品相比,Cs^+交换样品中Cs^+离子更多地占据超笼,导致更高的超笼局部碱性和脱氢反应活性。     

碱金属离子X型沸石的固相离子交换及其催化性能的研究

本文考察了水合13X沸石与碱金属盐类间的固相离子交换反应,并对交换样品的比表面、孔容和异丙醇分解反应活性进行了测定.结果表明,这种类型的固相离子交换在室温下即可发生.体积较大的Cs~+比K~+难于交换,高温焙烧有利于提高Cs~+的交换度.固相交换样品的比表面、孔容变化和异丙醇分解反应活性都与液相交换样品相同,只是交换度的函数,与交换方法无关.与K~+交换样品相比,Cs~+交换样品中Cs~+离子更多地占据超笼,导致更高的超笼局部碱性和脱氢反应活性.     

微晶粘结成球的无机离子交换剂传质研究

无机离子交换剂以其选择性、耐热及抗辐照性很高一直受到重视.但由于它的交换过程缓慢,使其应用受到了限制,为了克服这一障碍,本文把十分之几微米的无机离子交换剂[Ti(HPO_4)_2·1/2H_2O]微晶粘结成球,以减低对流体阻力,同时大大增加交换表面.用这种交换剂研究了H~+-Li~+和Li~+-H~+互交换的动力学;同时,根据交换剂的几何模型,解出了相应界面条件的扩散方程.实验显示了在这种无机离子交换剂中的交换速度比在001×20的聚苯乙烯凝胶磺酸型阳离子交换树脂中的快3.5倍,它可能为提高无机离子交换剂的传质功能提供了新途径.     

Hydrothermal Stability of the Novel Zeolite Type LSX in Comparison to the Traditional 13X Modification

Ion‐exchanged LSX (Si/Al = 1.02) and 13X (Si/Al = 1.18) zeolite series (Li, Na, K, Rb, Ca, Sr, Ba exchanged) were hydrothermally treated at temperatures between 423 K and 513 K in liquid water under autogeneous water vapour pressure. Beside X‐ray powder diffraction, the molybdate method and the water sorption uptake have been used to characterize the treated samples. The LSX and 13X zeolites show a similar hydrothermal behaviour in spite of their different framework Si/Al ratios depending only on the type of introduced cations. Significant destabilizing effects were observed especially in presence of K and Rb cations as well as the bivalent Sr and Ba cations. The LSX zeolites are hydrothermally more stable than LTA zeolites of same cations despite their same chemical framework composition.     

Li＋交换的几种分子筛的氮氩分离性能

采用水溶液离子交换法制备了高Li＋交换度的4A、13X和LSX分子筛,并在25 ℃下测定了它们的静态吸附等温线和动态穿透曲线.研究发现,高Li＋离子交换度的4A、13X和LSX分子筛都具有较大的氮吸附容量和较高的氮氩分离选择性,说明高Li＋离子交换度的4A、13X和LSX分子筛是较好的氮氩分离吸附剂.从动态穿透曲线结果来看,所研究的三种分子筛都有一个最优的吸附分离压力,在本文研究的压力范围内,这个最优压力在0.6 MPa附近.对比高锂交换度的三种分子筛,以高锂交换度的LSX分子筛的氮氩吸附分离性能最好.     

Li4Ti5Ol2的合成及对Li+的离子交换动力学

用溶胶-凝胶法合成出Li4Ti5Ol2, 对其进行了酸改性, 制得锂离子筛IE-H. 测定了IE-H对Li+、Na+的饱和交换容量和pH滴定曲线等离子交换性能, 并对其进行了X射线衍射分析, 同时采用中断接触法判断该离子交换反应的控制机理, 用缩核模型描述离子筛IE-H交换Li+的动力学. 结果表明, 合成出的Li4Ti5Ol2和锂离子筛IE-H均为尖晶石结构; 用不同浓度HNO3溶液处理Li4Ti5Ol2时, Li+的抽出率为19.6%-81.5%, Ti4+的抽出率在4.2%以下; 锂离子筛IE-H 对Li+的饱和交换容量较高, 达到5.95 mmol·g-1, 离子筛IE-H交换Li+的控制步骤是颗粒扩散控制(PDC), 得到了25 ℃, Li+浓度为20.0 mmol·L-1和5.0 mmol·L-1时锂离子筛交换Li+的动力学方程和颗粒扩散系数.     

LiNi0.05Mn1.95O4的合成及其对Li+的离子交换热力学

以乙酸锂、乙酸锰和乙酸镍为原料, 采用溶胶-凝胶法合成出掺镍的尖晶石型锂锰氧化物LiNi0.05Mn1.95O4. 用0.5 mol·L-1的过硫酸铵对其进行酸改性后制得锂离子筛(记作LiNiMn-H). 经测定LiNi0.05Mn1.95O4在酸改性过程中Mn2+的溶出率仅为0.31%(w, 质量分数), LiNiMn-H对锂离子的饱和交换容量达5.29 mmol (36.72 mg) Li+/g 离子筛. 测定了15、25、35、45 ℃ LiNiMn-H 在H+-Li+体系吸附锂的离子交换等温线, 并利用Pitzer 电解质溶液理论计算出该离子交换体系的活度系数, 得到H+-Li+交换的平衡常数Ka, △Gm、△Hm和△Sm等热力学参数. 结果表明, Ka随温度的升高而降低, LiNiMn-H对Li+的选择性大于原来可交换阳离子(H+)的选择性, 吸附锂的过程是自发过程(△Gm<0), 该离子交换反应是放热反应.     

OFF沸石中锂离子在骨架外的分布及可接近性

对OFF沸石进行离子交换制备出NH4-OFF沸石,然后通过Li2CO3/NH4-OFF体系的固态反应制备了不同锂离子交换度的Li-OFF沸石。对吸附氮气和氧气的Li-OFF样品进行了7Li MAS NMR表征。研究发现,所有吸附氧气样品的部分7Li MAS NMR共振峰均发生了顺磁位移。通过对实验谱的拟合,得知Li-OFF沸石中的锂离子可分布在三类阳离子位置（A、B和C）上,对应于三个不同位移的谱峰。Li+离子并非等比例地进入三个可交换的位置,而是优先占据主孔道中的A位置,随着交换度的升高,位能较高的C和B位置上的Li离子占有率逐渐增加。在100％固态交换度样品中,Li+离子在不同离子位的占有率分别为17％(位置B)、29％(位置C)和54％(位置A)。其中,位置B是O2分子不可接近的,所以Li-OFF沸石中有83％的阳离子是可以接近的。     

Evaluation of VIDAS Listeria species Xpress (LSX) immunoassay method for the detection of Listeria species in foods: collaborative study

In a multilaboratory study, the effectiveness of an alternative method for rapid screening of Listeria species compared to traditional reference methods was demonstrated in a variety of food products. A collaborative study was conducted to compare the VIDAS Listeria species Xpress (LSX) method and the standard cultural methods for the detection of Listeria species in foods. Six food types were tested: vanilla ice cream, cheddar cheese, raw ground beef, frozen green beans, deli turkey, and cooked shrimp. Each food, inoculated with a different Listeria strain at two levels and uninoculated test portions, was analyzed by each method. A total of 15 laboratories representing government and industry participated. In this study 1134 tests were analyzed in the statistical analysis. There were 490 positives by the VIDAS LSX method using the sample boiling step, 483 positives by the VIDAS LSX method using the Heat and Go system, and 439 positives by the standard culture methods. Overall, the Chi-square result for the VIDAS LSX method with boiling for all foods was 7.25, indicating a significant statistical difference between the VIDAS method and the standard methods at the 5% confidence. For the VIDAS LSX method with the Heat and Go system, the Chi-square result for all foods was 5.37, indicating a significant statistical difference between the VIDAS LSX assay with the Heat and Go system and the standard methods at the 5% level of significance. In both cases, the VIDAS method was more sensitive than the standard methods. The LSX method detects Listeria species in foods with negative or presumptive positive results in a minimum of 30 h compared to at least 5 days for the cultural methods. Based on the results of this collaborative study, it is recommended that the VIDAS LSX method be adopted as an AOAC Official Method for the detection of Listeria species in dairy products, vegetables, seafood, raw meats and poultry, and processed meats and poultry.     

三维有序大孔锂离子筛的制备及其交换性能研究

由110 nm聚苯乙烯(PS)微球组装晶体胶体模板,并用此模板合成三维有序大孔(3-dimensionally ordered macroporous,3DOM)锂离子筛前驱体Li4Ti5O12,用1.0 mol.L-1的盐酸改型制得锂离子筛H4Ti5O12(LiTi-H)。用XRD、SEM、饱和交换容量、pH滴定曲线等表征了材料的形貌、结构和离子交换性能。同时测定了25℃时LiTi-H在0.05 mol.L-1Li+体系吸附锂的动力学数据,并采用吸附动力学Bangham方程和Elovich方程关联离子筛LiTi-H对Li+的离子交换动力学数据。结果表明:PS胶体晶体模板和3DOMLi4Ti5O12锂离子筛前驱体均排列规则有序,大孔直径约90 nm,Li4Ti5O12为尖晶石结构;3DOM Li4Ti5O12酸稳定性好,锂离子筛LiTi-H对Li+具有较高的选择性,对Li+的饱和交换容量达56.70 mg(Li+).g-1;动力学模型用Elovich模型关联较好,离子筛对Li+的离子交换动力学方程是Q=-26.510 4+11.977 4lnt(25℃)。     

High-rate and high-density gas separation adsorbents and manufacturing method

High-rate and high-density gas separation adsorbents used in vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) processes are described. Agglomerated zeolite Li–LSX compositions made using colloidal silica binding agents and having improved nitrogen pore diffusivity compared to like compositions prepared with traditional clay binders, are also described. Preparation methods for the colloidal silica-bound adsorbents are described together with their characterization by mercury (Hg) porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and low dead-volume breakthrough testing, from which the pore diffusivity is obtained. In this article, we show how the location and dispersion of the colloidal silica binding agent within the agglomerated zeolite particle yields pore-architectures that resemble “state-of-the-art” binderless adsorbents. In addition, we use VPSA process simulations to show that the best process performance is achieved by the combination of high-rate and high-density adsorbent properties.     

Hydrogen storage in low silica type X zeolites

Low silica type X zeolites (LSX, Si/Al = 1) fully exchanged by alkali-metal cations (Li(+), Na(+), and K(+)) were studied for their hydrogen storage capacities. Hydrogen adsorption isotherms were measured separately at 77 K and <1 atm, and at 298 K and <10 MPa. It was found that the hydrogen adsorption capacity of LSX zeolite depended strongly on the cationic radius and the density of the cations that are located on the exposed sites. The interaction energies between H(2) and the cations follow the order Li(+) > Na(+) > K(+), as predicted based on the ionic radii. Oxygen anions on zeolite framework were minor adsorption sites. Li-LSX had an H(2) capacity of 1.5 wt % at 77 K and 1 atm, and a capacity of 0.6 wt % at 298 K and 10 MPa, among the highest of known sorbents. The hydrogen capacity in LSX zeolite by bridged hydrogen spillover was also investigated. A simple and effective technique was employed to build carbon bridges between the H(2) dissociation catalyst and the zeolite to facilitate spillover of hydrogen atoms. Thus, the hydrogen storage capacity of Li-LSX zeolite was enhanced to 1.6 wt % (by a factor of 2.6) at 298 K and 10 MPa. This is by far the highest hydrogen storage capacity obtained on a zeolite material at room temperature. Furthermore, the adsorption rates were fast, and the storages were shown to be fully reversible and rechargeable. Further optimization of the bridge building technique would lead to an additional enhancement of hydrogen storage.     

Extraction of lithium from GSJ rock reference samples and determination of their lithium isotopic compositions

Li was extracted completely from the Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) rock reference samples by HF-HC1 decomposition and separated from other alkali metal ions by cation exchange chromatography. The degree of Li isotope fractionation during the preparations of samples for mass spectrometry for Li isotopic ratio measurements was, therefore, negligible. The isotopic compositions of Li extracted from the GSJ samples were measured by double-filament surface ionization mass spectrometry. The permil (%.) deviation, δ⁷Li, of the ⁷Li-to-⁶Li ratio of one of the GSJ samples (JR-1) from that of the Li isotope standard, IRM-016, was +3.9%., with a 95% confidence limit of 0.7%. The δ⁷Li values of the 16 GSJ samples varied in the range −2.5 to +6.4%.. These data are probably the first such data obtained for the GSJ rock samples. No clear dependence of the δ⁷Li value on the kind of rock was observed.