Experimental study of noncontact ultrasonic motor with non-symmetrical electrode

We have proposed a novel noncontact ultrasonic motor based on non-symmetrical electrode driving. The configuration of this electrode and the fabrication process of rotors are presented. Its vibration characteristics are computed and analysed by using the finite element method and studied experimentally. Good agreement between them is obtained. Moreover, it is also shown that this noncontact ultrasonic motor is operated in antisymmetric radial vibration mode of $B_{21}$ mode. The maximum revolution speed for three-blade and six-blade rotors are 5100 and 3700\,r/min at an input voltage of 20V, respectively. Also, the noncontact high-speed revolution of the rotors can be realized by the parts of I, III of the electrode or II, IV of the electrode. The levitation distance between the stator and rotor is about 140$\mu $m according to the theoretical calculation and the experimental measurement.     

Theoretical and experimental research on a disk-type non-contact ultrasonic motor

We developed a disk-type non-contact ultrasonic motor based on B22 vibration mode. The rotors of SU-8 photoresist are fabricated by the UV-LIGA process to control their shapes and thicknesses. So the structures of them are optimized by the experiments. It is found that the revolution speed of disk-type non-contact ultrasonic motor not only depends on the vibration amplitude of the stator, but also the weight and construction of the rotors. The maximum revolution speed of the optimal rotor is 3569 rpm at the input voltage of 20 V and the driving frequency of 45.6 kHz. The exciting principle of traveling wave is presented with theoretical equations. The electric signals applied to the piezoelectric ceramic are designed by the principle. The natural frequency and corresponding vibration mode are calculated and analyzed using finite element method. It is shown that experimental results are in good agreement with simulation, which verifies the effectiveness of the finite element model. Moreover, the levitation distance between the stator and rotor is measured by a CCD laser displacement transducer.     

State-of-the-art surface acoustic wave linear motor and its future applications

Two merits of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) device are its high energy density and small size. However, the driving frequency is around 10 MHz or higher. In spite of the difficulties involved with high frequency, the high energy density is attractive for actuator applications. The SAW linear motor's no load speed and maximum output force were 1.1 m/s and 3.5 N using a silicon slider. The silicon slider dimensions were 4 x 4 x 0.3 mm3. We made a lot of 30 microns diameter projections on the silicon surface. The acceleration was 1000 m/s2. The SAW motor is expected to be a high speed, quick response, high resolution microactuator, and much more. High driving voltage was a problem. Our newly designed electrode proved that the driving voltage was reduced to less than 10 V to excite the traveling wave. For actual applications, the SAW device will be placed in a slider. This design is effective in terms of performance and cost. The nanotribology of the SAW motor is also an important and interesting subject.     

Control of an ultrasonic transducer to realize low speed driven

This paper deals with the control of a transducer to realize low speed. A new PWM control is proposed to fit the transducer. By this control method, the transducer is directly excited by pulses whose width can be modulated. The noise induced by conventional PWM control is eliminated and the motor works more steadily and more quietly. Instead of the general method of decreasing vibrating amplitude of ultrasonic motor to realize low speed, in this paper, two fast contrary elliptical vibrations of the transducer's two Langevin vibrators are excited to restrain skip-slip influence on ultrasonic motor's low speed performance and the driven is realized by the difference of the two vibrators' vibrating amplitudes. Experiments had been carried out by driving an aerostatic guide and fuzzy control is applied. The controlled speed reached 0.1 mm/s.     

基于电磁力近似算法的驱动电机NVH快速仿真方法

电动汽车驱动电机产生的电磁噪声是汽车NVH关注的重点问题,对其进行全转速段多工况NVH仿真通常需要耗费大量时间和计算资源。该文通过有限单元分析揭示了电机气隙电磁力随转速变化的规律,并根据这一规律提出了基于外特性曲线的电磁力时间缩放及插值的近似算法。文章采用电磁力到结构网格的映射算法对结构振动有限元模型进行激励力加载,使用声场有限元方法计算电机的辐射噪声,最终实现了车用驱动电机的电磁振动及噪声的快速仿真。使用该方法对车用电机进行全转速段振动噪声仿真,可大大压缩多工况电磁场有限元分析所需的计算时间,提升仿真效率。     

Development of a self-oscillating ultrasonic micro-motor and its application to a watch

We have developed an ultrasonic micro-motor for use as a micro-actuator in place of an electromagnetic motor. This ultrasonic micro-motor, which can be driven by a single signal and in which the change of the direction of the rotor movement can be made easily by selecting the electrode to apply the driving signal, can easily construct a self-oscillating circuit and simplify the driving circuit. We have also simplified the motor structure, which is easy to miniaturize and mass-produce. We applied a version of this motor with a diameter of 8 mm to a vibration alarm, and one with a diameter of 4.5 mm to a driving source of a calendar mechanism in a watch. This ultrasonic micro-motor is expected to be of use as a new driving source in a broad range of fields.     

电动车测速报警装置的实验设计

为提高电动车的行驶安全系数,通过实验研究的方法设计了测速报警装置。借助霍尔效应的原理,对电动车车轮的转速进行测量得到其行驶速度,来实现预警和报警,从而提高其行驶安全系数。     

Osmotic propulsion: the osmotic motor

A model for self-propulsion of a colloidal particle--the osmotic motor--immersed in a dispersion of "bath" particles is presented. The nonequilibrium concentration of bath particles induced by a surface chemical reaction creates an osmotic pressure imbalance on the motor causing it to move. The ratio of the speed of reaction to that of diffusion governs the bath particle distribution which is employed to calculate the driving force on the motor, and from which the self-induced osmotic velocity is determined. For slow reactions, the self-propulsion is proportional to the reaction velocity. When surface reaction dominates over diffusion the osmotic velocity cannot exceed the diffusive speed of the bath particles. Implications of these features for different bath particle volume fractions and motor sizes are discussed. Theoretical predictions are compared with Brownian dynamics simulations.     

Performances estimation of a rotary traveling wave ultrasonic motor based on two-dimension analytical model

The understanding of ultrasonic motor performances as a function of input parameters, such as the voltage amplitude, driving frequency, the preload on the rotor, is a key to many applications and control of ultrasonic motor. This paper presents performances estimation of the piezoelectric rotary traveling wave ultrasonic motor as a function of input voltage amplitude and driving frequency and preload. The Love equation is used to derive the traveling wave amplitude on the stator surface. With the contact model of the distributed spring-rigid body between the stator and rotor, a two-dimension analytical model of the rotary traveling wave ultrasonic motor is constructed. Then the performances of stead rotation speed and stall torque are deduced. With MATLAB computational language and iteration algorithm, we estimate the performances of rotation speed and stall torque versus input parameters respectively. The same experiments are completed with the optoelectronic tachometer and stand weight. Both estimation and experiment results reveal the pattern of performance variation as a function of its input parameters.     

Miniaturization of surface acoustic waves rotary motor

This paper presents the experimental study of a miniaturized surface acoustic waves (SAWs) rotary motor and the theoretical calculation. After the first success in SAW rotary motor operating at 9.85 MHz, a smaller rotary motor is designed. With the operating frequency of 30 MHz and the driving voltage of 120 V(p-p), the motor can rotate at a speed of 270 rpm.     

Design and construction of shaft-driving type piezoceramic ultrasonic motor

A new approach in design of shaft-driving type piezoceramic ultrasonic motor is proposed. The stator of motor consisted of a commercial available buzzer disk in which a piezoceramic membrane is adhered to a metal sheet. The wave propagation on the metal sheet was generated by extended-shrunk force from piezoceramic oscillation. Driving energy came from the vibration modes by mechanical-electrical oscillation of the metal sheet in corresponding to converse piezoelectric effect using a single-phase AC voltage power. Where the relative elliptic motion was occurred between the bearing seat and rotor in order to kinematical delivery, the rotor being driven was connected directly on the bearing seat to transmit the dynamic power with frictional contact force. In analysis of dynamic features, the system transfer function of admittance and equivalent circuit was obtained. The rotating speed of the prototype motor could be reached as high as 2000 rpm on the driving condition of 72 kHz, +/-10 V(pp), and 0.2 A. The maximum torque was less than 0.003 Nm. It could be utilized in the driver of CD, or the cooling fan in the computer CPU.     

一种调节Marx电源脉冲边沿的驱动电路北大核心CSCD

为了调节固态Marx发生器输出脉冲的边沿,提出了一种新型的的驱动电路,该方案通过调整充放电管的驱动电压,结合驱动电路的硬件结构,调节米勒平台时间,进而调整充放电管开通速度,实现了对于高压输出脉冲的边沿调节,其结构简单,不需要每级独立的控制信号。对于该电路中驱动电压和开关管开通速度的关系建立了模型进行了推导。结合理论分析结果设计了驱动电路的参数,仿真结果表明该驱动电路能够调节输出脉冲边沿。搭建带有设计参数下驱动电路的固态Marx发生器在容性负载下和阻性负载下进行了实验验证。利用该方案实现了对于6级Marx电路的3.6 kV输出脉冲在55~7.7μs的边沿调节,验证了该方案的可行性,并对比分析了不同阻性负载对于脉冲边沿造成的影响。实验结果表明:该电路在提高固态脉冲电源的边沿调节性能方面有独特的优势。     

Design and construction of shaft-driving type piezoceramic ultrasonic motor

A new approach in design of shaft-driving type piezoceramic ultrasonic motor is proposed. The stator of motor consisted of a commercial available buzzer disk in which a piezoceramic membrane is adhered to a metal sheet. The wave propagation on the metal sheet was generated by extended-shrunk force from piezoceramic oscillation. Driving energy came from the vibration modes by mechanical–electrical oscillation of the metal sheet in corresponding to converse piezoelectric effect using a single-phase AC voltage power. Where the relative elliptic motion was occurred between the bearing seat and rotor in order to kinematical delivery, the rotor being driven was connected directly on the bearing seat to transmit the dynamic power with frictional contact force. In analysis of dynamic features, the system transfer function of admittance and equivalent circuit was obtained. The rotating speed of the prototype motor could be reached as high as 2000 rpm on the driving condition of 72 kHz, ±10 V_pp, and 0.2 A. The maximum torque was less than 0.003 N m. It could be utilized in the driver of CD, or the cooling fan in the computer CPU.     

新型电机驱动充电一体化分析与研究

提出了一种基于AC-link的新型电机驱动充电一体化拓扑结构,可以满足电机驱动控制和充电两种工作模式。该拓扑正向工作时驱动电机为电机驱动控制状态、反向工作时给蓄电池充电为充电状态。首先对该新型拓扑结构两种工作模式的工作原理进行详细介绍,采用有效的控制策略并使用Simulink软件搭建仿真模型,对一体化拓扑结构和控制策略进行验证,仿真结果表明,该拓扑工作在充电模式时可以满足电池全部充电阶段的不同电压需求;工作于电机驱动模式,无论是加速过程还是正常工作过程,定子电流均呈现良好的三相正弦形态,并且转速可以达到给定值,从而证明了这种拓扑结构和控制策略的可行性。     

Symmetric linear potential and imperfect Brownian ratchet in molecular motor function

Biomolecular motors are tiny engines that transport materials at the microscopic level within biological cells. In recent years, Elston and Peskin et al have investigated the effect of the elastic properties of the tether that connects the motor to its cargo at the speed of the motor. In this paper we extend their work and present a tether in the form of symmetric linear potential.Our results show that when the driving mechanism is an imperfect Brownian ratchet, the average speed decreases as the stiffness of the tether increases in the limit of large motor diffusion coefficient, which is similar to the results of Elston and Peskin.However, a threshold for the stiffness of the tether connecting the motor to its cargo is found in our model. Only when the tether is stiffer than the threshold can the motor and its cargo function co-operatively, otherwise, the motor and its cargo depart from each other. This result is more realistic than that of the spring model of Elston and Peskin.     

Modeling and experimental analysis of the linear ultrasonic motor with in-plane bending and longitudinal mode

A novel linear ultrasonic motor based on in-plane longitudinal and bending mode vibration is presented in this paper. The stator of the motor is composed of a metal plate and eight piezoelectric ceramic patches. There are four long holes in the plate, designed for consideration of the longitudinal and bending mode coupling. The corresponding model is developed to optimize the mechanical and electrical coupling of the stator, which causes an ellipse motion at the contact tip of the stator when the composite vibrations with longitudinal and bending are excited. Its harmonic and transient responses are simulated and inspected. A prototype based on the model is fabricated and used to conduct experiments. Results show that the amplitude of the stator’s contact tips is significantly increased, which helps to amplify the driving force and speed of the motor. It is therefore feasible to implement effective linear movement using the developed prototype.     

Improvement of filtration speed of charge injection type of electrostatic oil filter

This paper deals with the effects of the configurations of electrodes and filter elements on the filtration speed of a charge injection type of electrostatic oil filter, which has been proposed by Yanada et al. It has been demonstrated that the filtration speed can be increased by injecting charges into oils. However, investigation into the effects of the configurations of the electrode and filter element has been limited. In this paper, several types of filter model with different configurations are proposed and their performance is experimentally investigated. A better filter configuration is proposed.     

A Simplified Fractional Order PID Controller’s Optimal Tuning: A Case Study on a PMSM Speed Servo

A simplified fractional order PID (FOPID) controller is proposed by the suitable definition of the parameter relation with the optimized changeable coefficient. The number of the pending controller parameters is reduced, but all the proportional, integral, and derivative components are kept. The estimation model of the optimal relation coefficient between the controller parameters is established, according to which the optimal FOPID controller parameters can be calculated analytically. A case study is provided, focusing on the practical application of the simplified FOPID controller to a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) speed servo. The dynamic performance of the simplified FOPID control system is tested by motor speed control simulation and experiments. Comparisons are performed between the control systems using the proposed method and those using some other existing methods. According to the simulation and experimental results, the simplified FOPID control system achieves the optimal dynamic performance. Therefore, the validity of the proposed controller structure and tuning method is demonstrated.     

精密工作台的设计与实验研究

微器件装配技术是实现组合结构的微机械电子学系统(MEMS)的关键技术之一,精密工作台系统则是微装配系统的一个重要组成部分。精密工作台系统包括粗动工作台和微动工作台:粗动工作台包括精密机械及其传动系统、光栅定位系统、直流力矩电机驱动系统及计算机控制系统;微动工作台包括微动台、压电陶瓷驱动电源和电感测微移。实验结果表明,粗动台系统的最高速度为5mm/s,最低速度为3.4μm/s,系统的重复定位精度为±1μm;微动台系统的定位精度可达到±1μm。     

高温超导高速磁浮交通系统悬浮导向与牵引方案研究

本文提出了一种全高温超导高速磁悬浮交通技术模式, 该技术模式采用高温超导钉扎悬浮导向和高温超导直线电机牵引, 具有高速运行、 静态悬浮和动态自稳定悬浮导向三大特征. 根据5 编组时速500 公里磁悬浮列车的运行要求和工况, 本文对高温超导钉扎悬浮导向系统和高温超导直线牵引系统进行了方案设计, 并通过有限元仿真对所提方案进行了可行性分析和验证. 结果证明了全高温超导磁悬浮系统的高速运行、 静态悬浮和动态自稳定悬浮导向技术优势和设计方案的可行性.