多抖动法主振荡功率放大器相干合成技术

 采用多抖动相位控制方法实现了两路和三路1 Ｗ量级光纤放大器的相干合成,对实验结果进行了详细分析。实验中,将种子光源输出激光分为两路（或三路）,分别通过光纤放大器进行功率放大,并采用多抖动法实现相干合成。控制系统开环时,远场光斑条纹模糊不清,两路和三路合成时条纹对比度分别为0.19和0.12;系统闭环时,远场光斑条纹清晰可见,对比度提高到0.93和0.81,合成效率分别为80%和77%。此外,对两路和三路的合成效果进行了比较,指出了各路的控制资源对合成效果的影响。     

四束激光光轴高精度稳定控制技术

介绍了压电陶瓷快速倾斜镜以及相应的反馈和控制系统研制过程,并对快速倾斜镜进行了详细的性能测试,包括响应速度、动态范围以及闭环分辨率等重要参数。在此基础上,完成了4束激光相干合成时光轴稳定闭环控制实验。实验结果表明:系统闭环控制时,4束激光光轴的均方根抖动均小于1.5μrad,与开环状态相比,光轴抖动量减小了80%。通过对开闭环控制结果的对比分析发现,远场光斑平均帧峰值提高了3.8倍。     

湍流大气传输中跟踪抖动对远场影响的仿真研究

分析了跟踪抖动对湍流大气传输远场光斑的影响。基于麦克斯韦电磁场理论,采用大气相干长度对大气湍流进行描述,推导了发射光束因跟踪抖动导致光轴偏离的远场表达式。在此基础上,利用相位屏法模拟抖动引起的倾斜相位和大气折射率起伏引起的相位调制,并采用低频补偿的功率谱反演法对传输过程进行了数值仿真。分析了不同跟踪抖动、湍流强度条件下远场光斑质心脱靶量的变化,以及不同尺寸模拟目标的回波概率。分析结果表明,在传输距离为10 km时,强湍流造成的远场光斑脱靶量可达几十μrad;当跟踪抖动较大时,湍流强弱对脱靶量影响差别很小。最后,对一定尺寸的模拟目标,从探测回波概率的角度给出了发射系统跟踪抖动量的控制范围。     

多边形光纤远近场扰模特性

天文探测中类地行星的探测需要进一步提高视向速度的测量精度。但圆形光纤扰模效果不佳所引起的入射信息变化时的谱线漂移,成为限制测量精度提高的一个主要因素。采用多边形光纤改善光纤传输系统的扰模特性。利用搭建的测试光纤远场和近场光斑质量的光学系统,通过对光纤出射场光斑质量进行评价,研究了圆形、长方形、正方形和八边形光纤在不同入射条件下的远场和近场分布及远场光斑的光强变化和近场光斑的质心偏移,得出了不同光纤的扰模增益系数。实验表明,在相同入射条件下,多边形光纤具有较好的扰模特性,其中八边形光纤的远场光强变化最小,近场光斑质心偏移最少,扰模特性最好。以八边形光纤代替圆形光纤,可有效减小入射偏差引起的谱线漂移,提高视向速度的测量精度。     

环形孔径高斯光束的远场特性

 讨论了环形孔径高斯光束的远场光斑能量分布,并给出了拟合表达式。首先推导了光束没有抖动时远场光斑的光能分布表达式,然后研究了各种不同中心遮拦和不同光束截断比, 在有以及没有激光束抖动的情况下,对高斯光束的远场环围能量的分布变化的影响。     

基于能动分块反射镜的两路光纤放大器相位探测及其相干合成实验研究

在光纤激光相干合成中,需要探测各路光束之间的平移误差.提出了一种条纹提取算法,利用此算法能得到准确的相位平移扰动.基于此算法,针对两路光纤放大器测量了毫瓦量级的光纤放大器的相位噪声特性,然后采用高速数字处理电路以及能动分块反射镜完成了平移相位扰动的实时校正.实验结果表明,闭环前后条纹对比度从0.09提高到0.25,平移误相位噪声强度的幅值从1053.4 nm降低到116.7 nm,系统校正精度达到1/10λ,控制带宽约为50Hz. 关键词： 能动分块反射镜 条纹提取算法 相位扰动 光纤放大器     

基于单发光区芯片的大功率光纤耦合激光器的输出远场特征分析

为研究光纤耦合激光器的输出远场特征,基于ZEMAX光学设计软件,模拟了基于单发光区激光器芯片的多种光纤耦合结构,分析了不同耦合结构的输出远场特征。模拟结果表明:单管耦合输出远场分布通常为中间亮、边缘暗的圆形光斑。当准直后的光束快慢轴光束尺寸基本一致时,远场输出光斑均匀性会得到极大改善;当存在光纤轴心角向误差(大于1°)时,远场输出光斑的均匀性会明显降低。多单管耦合时,单管之间的台阶高度若大于准直后的快轴光斑尺寸,则对应的远场输出为有暗区的同心圆环,单管的数量对应圆环的数量。为了提高输出远场分布的均匀度,应严格控制合束单管之间的台阶高度。     

基于光斑二阶矩的阵列光束倾斜相差自适应控制方法

针对阵列光束相干合成中存在的倾斜相差大的问题,提出了基于合成光束远场光斑二阶矩的阵列光束倾斜相差自适应控制方法。以合成光束远场光斑二阶矩作为评价函数,理论上模拟了采用随机并行梯度下降算法实现7路光束的倾斜闭环控制过程。实验上搭建了7路光纤激光相干合成系统,利用自适应光纤准直器对倾斜相差进行校正。以合成光束远场光斑的二阶矩作为评价函数,采用随机并行梯度下降算法,实现了7路光束的倾斜的闭环控制,合成光束模拟远场光斑的桶中功率由0.05 V提升至1.95 V。实验中将倾斜扰动的增益系数变为与二阶矩相关的函数,实现了自适应变增益系数的倾斜闭环,在一定程度上提升了倾斜控制的带宽。从理论上和实验上验证了基于光斑二阶矩的倾斜相差自适应控制方法在光束合成及合成孔径探测领域应用的可行性。     

两个光纤激光器的互相注入锁定

光纤激光器的相干合成技术是实现高功率、高亮度光纤激光系统的重要技术途径.利用分束器分光使两个光纤激光器的能量互相注入，从而使两个光纤激光器达到锁相锁模实现相干输出. 实验研究表明：在独立运行的情况下，两个光纤激光器的远场光斑只是两个激光器光强的简单叠加；在互相注入锁定的情况下，两个光纤激光器的远场光斑是具有高对比度的干涉条纹，并得到两个激光器的输出模式总为异相模.这与理论分析的结果相一致. 关键词： 光纤激光器 相干合成 锁相     

基于高功率激光输出端相位控制的光纤激光相干合成

利用压电陶瓷相位调制器在高功率光纤激光输出端进行相位控制,实现了两路瓦量级光纤激光相干合成.系统闭环时长曝光图样的条纹可见度为98%,峰值强度是开环情形下的1.87倍.     

Coherent beam combination of two thulium-doped fiber laser beams with the multi-ditheringtechnique

Coherent beam combination of two thulium-doped fiber laser beams using a multi-dithering technique is presented for the first time. In the experiment, two fiber lasers centered at 1948.6 nm are coherently combined, and a phase modulator based on piezoelectric ceramics transducer is connected in one beam path to compensate for the phase errors between the two beams. When the phase control system is closed loop, the fringe contrast of the far-field intensity pattern is improved to be more than 75%, from 15% in open-loop, and the residual phase error is less than λ/20. The experimental results show that the performance of the phase control system is robust and the control bandwidth is more than 1 kHz, which indicates that the above approach can be scaled to facilitate the coherent beam combination of kilo-watt level thulium-doped fiberlaser.     

A coherent beam combination system based on double PZT phase modulators

A novel coherent beam combination system based on double piezoelectric ceramics transducer (PZT) phase modulators is presented and demonstrated for the first time. In this system, two different PZT phase modulators are used for high frequency phase modulation and low frequency phase control, respectively, while in previous demonstrated system, LiNbO₃ phase modulators are often employed. The inherent low insert loss and high laser-induced damage threshold of the PZT phase modulator makes the new proposed system more compact and stable. By the way, the experiment of coherent beam combination of two 5-W fiber laser beams based on double PZT phase modulators is done. In the experiment, the PZT phase modulator with 500-kHz frequency response point made in home is used for high frequency phase modulating and another one with 0～30-kHz linear frequency response range for phase controlling. When the phase control system is in the closed loop, the fringe contrast of far-field intensity pattern is improved to be more than 90 % from 5 % in open loop.     

High-order mode Laguerre–Gaussian beam transformation using a 127-actuator deformable mirror: numerical simulations

Transforming high-order mode Laguerre–Gaussian beams in the far-field using a 127-actuator deformable mirror controlled by a stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm is presented. As a phase shift of half wave exists between every neighboring lobes of high-order mode Laguerre–Gaussian beams, there are multiple lobes in the far-field. The suitable beam radius related to the aperture size of the deformable mirror is discussed. Three system performance metrics are evaluated, and encircled energy is preferred. Simulation results show that it is possible to compensate for the phase shifts and other phase aberrations of a high-order mode Laguerre–Gaussian beam and achieve a single bright lobe with this approach. Transforming the far-field intensity distribution of high-order mode Laguerre–Gaussian beams into Gaussian and super Gaussian distributions are also investigated.     

固体激光器光束合成特性分析

光束合成是研制高功率、高光束质量固体激光器的必由途径.建立板条介质固体激光器阵列光束合成的理论模型,从子束间距、整体相位差、偏振态、随机像差等方面,分析了合成光束的远场特性.通过数值模拟可以看到,子束间距决定了合成光束远场光斑的衍射旁瓣的大小和多少;子束间整体相位差决定着合成光束远场中心光斑是否分离,并影响着峰值光强和...     

The directionality of partially coherent beams expressed in terms of the far-field divergence angle and of the far-field radiant intensity distribution

Taking the partially coherent cosh-Gaussian beam (ChG) as an illustrative example, the far-field divergence angle and directionality of partially coherent beams are studied. There are three competing physical mechanisms, i.e., the spatial coherence, diffraction and decentration, which affect the far-field divergence angle of partially coherent ChG beams. Two partially coherent ChG beams may generate the same far-field divergence angle, and partially coherent ChG beams may also have the same far-field divergence angle as a fully coherent ChG beam or as a fully coherent Gaussian laser beam if the three physical mechanisms are appropriately balanced. The consistency of the directionality of partially coherent beams expressed in terms of the far-field divergence angle and in terms of the far-field radiant intensity distribution is examined. Generally, two partially coherent beams with the same far-field divergence angle have not certainly the same far-field radiant intensity distribution. However, under certain conditions, it is possible to achieve the consistency of the directionality expressed in terms of the far-field divergence angle and of the normalized far-field radiant intensity distribution.     

高斯-谢尔模型列阵光束的远场发散角和远场辐射强度

推导出了高斯-谢尔模型（GSM）列阵光束通过自由空间传输其二阶矩束宽、远场发散角和远场辐射强度的解析表达式,并给出了GSM列阵光束与高斯光束具有相同远场发散角的条件.研究表明,具有相同远场发散角的GSM列阵光束与对应的高斯光束并不具有相同的远场辐射强度分布,这一特性与单束GSM光束的差异很大. 关键词： 高斯-谢尔模型列阵光束 远场发散角 远场辐射强度     

光学参数对激光阵列相干

利用傅里叶光学方法,获得了相干合束远场光强的解析表达式,讨论了相位、振幅和发光单元数目等光学参数对远场光束质量的影响。研究结果表明:随着参与合束的发光单元数目的增加,尖峰变锐;同相模的光能集中在更小的立体角内,使得相干合束的亮度增加;异相模的光束能量较为分散,其峰值光强有所降低;随着振幅比β的减少,相干合束远场光强的峰值相对变化率增加,远场光强分布出现了本底现象,远场干涉条纹对比度降低。     

Coherent combination of two ytterbium fiber amplifier based on an active segmented mirror

To control the phase noise of two ytterbium fiber amplifiers, a coherent combination system based on an active segmented mirror (ASM) has been established in our laboratory. The ASM is controlled by a feed back control loop on the basis of a Peak Rate (PR) algorithm which is realized on a DSP + FPGA hardware control board. Experimental results indicate that when the control loop is off, the far-field interference pattern is blurred and dynamic, while when it is on, the far-field beams interference pattern achieves clear and stable. At two different output powers, the contrasts of the interference stripes are improved from 7% to 19% and 8% to 28% respectively.     

Propagation properties of vectorial elliptical Gaussian beams beyond the paraxial approximation

Starting from the vectorial Rayleigh diffraction integral formula and without using the far-field approximation, a solution of the wave equation beyond the paraxial approximation is found, which represents vectorial non-paraxial elliptical Gaussian beams in free space. The far-field expressions for non-paraxial Gaussian beams and elliptical Gaussian beams can be regarded as special cases treated in this paper. Some basic propagation properties of vectorial non-paraxial elliptical Gaussian beams, including the irradiance distribution, phase term, beam widths and divergence angles are studied. Numerical results are given and illustrated.