An Informational Approach to The Sinusoidal Law of Photon Polarization

The photon polarization law pθ=sin^2θ is derived from a simple informational consideration by two methods:the first is via an intuitive principle of minimum Fisher information,the second is via a symetry and invariance argument.The results demonstrate that in photon polarization.Nature has a tendency to hide herself as deep as possible while obeying some regular conditions.     

An efficient quantum secure direct communication scheme with authentication

In this paper an efficient quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme with authentication is presented, which is based on quantum entanglement and polarized single photons. The present protocol uses Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen (EPR) pairs and polarized single photons in batches. A particle of the EPR pairs is retained in the sender's station, and the other is transmitted forth and back between the sender and the receiver, similar to the `ping--pong' QSDC protocol. According to the shared information beforehand, these two kinds of quantum states are mixed and then transmitted via a quantum channel. The EPR pairs are used to transmit secret messages and the polarized single photons used for authentication and eavesdropping check. Consequently, because of the dual contributions of the polarized single photons, no classical information is needed. The intrinsic efficiency and total efficiency are both 1 in this scheme as almost all of the instances are useful and each EPR pair can be used to carry two bits of information.     

Preparation of multipartite entangled states used for quantum information networks

The preparation of multipartite entangled states is the prerequisite for exploring quantum information networks and quantum computation.In this paper,we review the experimental progress in the preparation of cluster states and multi-color entangled states with continuous variables.The preparation of lager scale multipartite entangled state provide valuable quantum resources to implement more complex quantum informational tasks.     

Distributed wireless quantum communication networks

The distributed wireless quantum communication network （DWQCN） ha~ a distributed network topology and trans- mits information by quantum states. In this paper, we present the concept of the DWQCN and propose a system scheme to transfer quantum states in the DWQCN. The system scheme for transmitting information between any two nodes in the DWQCN includes a routing protocol and a scheme for transferring quantum states. The routing protocol is on-demand and the routing metric is selected based on the number of entangled particle pairs. After setting up a route, quantum tele- portation and entanglement swapping are used for transferring quantum states. Entanglement swapping is achieved along with the process of routing set up and the acknowledgment packet transmission. The measurement results of each entan- glement swapping are piggybacked with route reply packets or acknowledgment packets. After entanglement swapping, a direct quantum link between source and destination is set up and quantum states are transferred by quantum teleportation. Adopting this scheme, the measurement results of entanglement swapping do not need to be transmitted specially, which decreases the wireless transmission cost and transmission delay.     

Effective inhibit energetic cost in stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage

A shortcut to the adiabatic process is an effective method for quantum information processing.The fast and robust quantum information transfer can be implemented by this method.The energetic cost is an important measurement for the shortcut.In this paper,we investigate how to inhibit the energetic cost in stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage in a three-level system.The energetic cost can be manipulated by adjusting detuning of the system and the energetic cost takes the minimum with one-photon resonance condition.     

A simple scheme for implementing four-atom quantum dense coding in cavity QED

An experimentally feasible scheme for implementing four-atom quantum dense coding of an atom--cavity system is proposed. The cavity is only virtually excited and no quantum information will be transferred from the atoms to the cavity. Thus the scheme is insensitive to cavity decay and the thermal field. In the scheme, Alice can send faithfully 4 bits of classical information to Bob by sending two qubits. Generalized Bell states can be exactly distinguished by detecting the atomic state, and quantum dense coding can be realized in a simple way.     

Entanglement in a system of two two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode field

We investigate the entanglement in a system of two coupling atoms interacting with a single-mode field by means of quantum information entropy theory. The quantum entanglement between the two atoms and the coherent field is discussed by using the quantum reduced entropy, and the entanglement between the two coupling atoms is also investigated by using the quantum relative entropy. In addition, the influences of the atomic dipole--dipole interaction intensity and the average photon number of the coherent field on the degree of the entanglement is examined. The results show that the evolution of the degree of entanglement between the two atoms and the field is just opposite to that of the degree of entanglement between the two atoms. And the properties of the quantum entanglement in the system rely on the atomic dipole--dipole interaction and the average photon number of the coherent field.     

Quantum Privacy Amplification for a Sequence of Single Qubits

We present a scheme for quantum privacy amplification （QPA） for a sequence of single qubits. The QPA procedure uses a unitary operation with two controlled-not gates and a Hadamard gate. Every two qubits are performed with the unitary gate operation, and a measurement is made on one photon and the other one is retained. The retained qubit carries the state information of the discarded one. In this way, the information leakage is reduced. The procedure can be performed repeatedly so that the information leakage is reduced to any arbitrarily low level. With this QPA scheme, the quantum secure direct communication with single qubits can be implemented with arbitrarily high security. We also exploit this scheme to do privacy amplification on the single qubits in quantum information sharing for long-distance communication with quantum repeaters.     

Unconventional Geometric Phase Gate with Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Qubits in Cavity QED

In the system with superconducting quantum interference devices （SQUID） in cavity, a scheme for constructing two-qubit quantum phase gate via a conventional geometric phase-shift is proposed by using a quantized cavity field and classical microwave pulses. In this scheme, the gate operation is realized in the subspace spanned by the two lower flux states of the SQUID system mud the population operator of the excited state has no effect on it. Thus the effect of decoherence caused from the levels of the SQUID system is possible to minimize. Under cavity decay, our strictly numerical simulation shows that it is also possible to realize the unconventional geometric phase gate. The experimental feasibility is discussed in detail.     

Generating and reversing spin accumulation by temperature gradient in a quantum dot attached to ferromagnetic leads

We propose to generate and reverse the spin accumulation in a quantum dot (QD) by using the temperature difference between the two ferromagnetic leads connected to the dot. The electrons are driven purely by the temperature gradient in the absence of an electric bias and a magnetic field. In the Coulomb blockade regime, we find two ways to reverse the spin accumulation. One is by adjusting the QD energy level with a fixed temperature gradient, and the other is by reversing the temperature gradient direction for a fixed value of the dot level. The spin accumulation in the QD can be enhanced by the magnitudes of both the leads’ spin polarization and the asymmetry of the dot-lead coupling strengths. The present device is quite simple, and the obtained results may have practical usage in spintronics or quantum information processing.     

Investigations of information quantifiers for the Tavis–Cummings model

In this article, a system of two two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode quantized electromagnetic field in a lossless resonant cavity via a multi-photon transition is considered. The quantum Fisher information, negativity, classical Fisher information, and reduced von Neumann entropy for the two atoms are investigated. We found that the number of photon transitions plays an important role in the dynamics of different information quantifiers in the cases of two symmetric and two asymmetric atoms. Our results show that there is a close relationship between the different quantifiers. Also, the quantum and classical Fisher information can be useful for studying the properties of quantum states which are important in quantum optics and information.     

Fisher Information of Wavefunctions： Classical and Quantum

A parametric quantum mechanical wavefunction naturally induces parametric probability distributions by taking absolute square, and we can consider its classical Fisher information. On the other hand, it also induces parametric rank-one projections which may be viewed as density operators, and we can talk about its quantum Fisher information. Among many versions of quantum Fisher information, there are two prominent ones. The first, defined via a quantum score function, was introduced by Helstrom in 1967 and is well known. The second, defined via the square root of the density operator, has its origin in the skew information introduced by Wigner and Yanase in 1963 and remains relatively unnoticed. This study is devoted to investigating the relationships between the classical Fisher information and these two versions of quantum Fisher information for wavefunctions. It is shown that the two versions of quantum Fisher information differ by a factor 2 and that they dominate the classical Fisher information. The non-coincidence of these two versions of quantum Fisher information may be interpreted as a manifestation of quantum discord. We further calculate the difference between the Helstrom quantum Fisher information and the classical Fisher information, and show that it is precisely the instantaneous phase fluctuation of the wavefunctions.     

A comparative study of local quantum Fisher information and local quantum uncertainty in Heisenberg XY model

Recently, it has been shown that the quantum Fisher information via local observables and via local measurements (i.e., local quantum Fisher information (LQFI)) is a central concept in quantum estimation and quantum metrology and captures the quantumness of correlations in multi-component quantum system (Kim et al. (2018) [28]). This new discord-like measure is very similar to the quantum correlations measure called local quantum uncertainty (LQU). In the present study, we have revealed that LQU is bounded by LQFI in the phase estimation protocol. Also, a comparative study between these two quantum correlations quantifiers is addressed for the quantum Heisenberg XY model. Two distinct situations are considered. The first one concerns the anisotropic XY model and the second situation concerns isotropic XY model submitted to an external magnetic field. Our results confirm that LQFI reveals more quantum correlations than LQU.     

Maximum Shannon Entropy, Minimum Fisher Information, and an Elementary Game

We formulate an elementary statistical game which captures the essence of some fundamental quantum experiments such as photon polarization and spin measurement. We explore and compare the significance of the principle of maximum Shannon entropy and the principle of minimum Fisher information in solving such a game. The solution based on the principle of minimum Fisher information coincides with the solution based on an invariance principle, and provides an informational explanation of Malus' law for photon polarization. There is no solution based on the principle of maximum Shannon entropy. The result demonstrates the merits of Fisher information, and the demerits of Shannon entropy, in treating some fundamental quantum problems. It also provides a quantitative example in support of a general philosophy: Nature intends to hide Fisher information, while obeying some simple rules.     

Entropy,Fisher Information and Variance with Frost-Musulin Potenial

This study presents the Shannon and Renyi information entropy for both position and momentum space and the Fisher information for the position-dependent mass Schrödinger equation with the Frost-Musulin potential. The analysis of the quantum mechanical probability has been obtained via the Fisher information. The variance information of this potential is equally computed. This controls both the chemical properties and physical properties of some of the molecular systems. We have observed the behaviour of the Shannon entropy. Renyi entropy, Fisher information and variance with the quantum number n respectively.     

An Informational Approach to the Sinusoidal Law of Photon Polarization

The photon polarization law po ＝ sin2θ is derived from a simple informational consideration by twomethods: The first is via an intuitive principle of mininum Fisher information, the second is via a symmetry andinvariance argument. The results demonstrate that in photon polarization, Nature has a tendency to hide herselfas deepas possible while obeying some regular conditions.     

Discontinuity and Protection of Quantum Fisher Information for a Two-Qubit System

We analytically investigate the dynamics of quantum Fisher information of two qubits in independent environments for both uncorrelated and entangled input states. Especially, we observe that, in the non-Markovian regime and resonant case, quantum Fisher information of uncorrelated input state vanishes only at discrete time point whereas that of entangled input state can disappear during finite time interval. It shows that quantum Fisher information, which determines the parameter estimation precision, is strongly affected by the environment memory effects, and the advantage of entanglement-enhance metrology no longer exists even for a very short time. We also note that quantum Fisher information for two kinds of input states can be preserved under appropriate qubit-reservoir detuning.     

基于量子费希尔信息的纠缠判据

对于几类常见的量子态, 对自旋压缩和量子Fisher信息进行了比较研究.得到量子Fisher信息的表达式,以Fisher信息为基础,给出了量子纠缠的判据,结果表明:比较于自旋压缩,该判据有明显的优势.(1).对于两个Qubit的对称态,该判据与自旋压缩,concurrence完全等价;(2).对于两个Qubit的非对称态的纠缠,自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但对于部分态,该判据也能检验;(3).对于Dicke态, 自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但该判据能检验且完全等价于concurrence.     

Fisher Information of Free-Electron Landau States

An electron in a constant magnetic field has energy levels, known as the Landau levels. One can obtain the corresponding radial wavefunction of free-electron Landau states in cylindrical polar coordinates. However, this system has not been explored so far in terms of an information-theoretical viewpoint. Here, we focus on Fisher information associated with these Landau states specified by the two quantum numbers. Fisher information provides a useful measure of the electronic structure in quantum systems, such as hydrogen-like atoms and under some potentials. By numerically evaluating the generalized Laguerre polynomials in the radial densities, we report that Fisher information increases linearly with the principal quantum number that specifies energy levels, but decreases monotonically with the azimuthal quantum number m. We also present relative Fisher information of the Landau states against the reference density with m=0, which is proportional to the principal quantum number. We compare it with the case when the lowest Landau level state is set as the reference.     

基于量子费希尔信息的纠缠判据

对于几类常见的量子态, 对自旋压缩和量子Fisher信息进行了比较研究.得到量子Fisher信息的表达式,以Fisher信息为基础,给出了量子纠缠的判据,结果表明:比较于自旋压缩,该判据有明显的优势.(1).对于两个Qubit的对称态,该判据与自旋压缩,concurrence完全等价;(2).对于两个Qubit的非对称态的纠缠,自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但对于部分态,该判据也能检验;(3).对于Dicke态, 自旋压缩不能检验其纠缠,但该判据能检验且完全等价于concurrence.