Bidirectional quantum secure communication scheme based on Bell states and auxiliary particles

A bidirectional quantum secure communication protocol is presented. By introducing the auxiliary particle and utilizing the special character of Bell state, “correlation extractability”, our scheme cannot only discard the drawback, “information leakage”, but also is easy to implement.     

Bidirectional quantum secure communication based on a shared private Bell state

We propose a secure bidirectional quantum communication protocol, which is based on a shared private quantum entangled channel, the highlight of our protocol is that the drawback “information leakage” is eliminated. Our protocol is similar but more efficient than a bidirectional quantum communication based on QKD & OTP (One-time pad).     

Long-distance quantum communication with “polarization” maximally entangled states

We propose a scheme for long-distance quantum communication where the elementary entanglement is generated through two-photon interference and quantum swapping is performed through one-photon interference. Local “polarization” maximally entangled states of atomic ensembles are generated by absorbing a single photon from on-demand single-photon sources. This scheme is robust against phase fluctuations in the quantum channels, moreover speeds up long-distance high-fidelity entanglement generation rate.     

采用纠缠辅助量子LDPC码和检错重传策略的 量子直传通信方案

针对现有量子信息直传协议在有噪音量子信道下传输效率低及可靠性差的问题,提出了一种有效利用纠缠资源的量子安全直传通信方案.通过收发双方共享纠缠粒子作为辅助比特,采用纠缠辅助量子低密度校验码对量子态信息进行前向纠错保护,以提高系统在噪音环境下的传输可靠性.同时采用自动请求重传策略对量子态信息进行检错编码保护,当因窃听或强噪音导致译码获得的信息不正确时,则请求发端对该组信息进行编码重传操作.文中对所选用纠缠辅助量子低密度校验码在量子退极化噪音信道下的迭代译码性能进行了仿真,最后对方案的安全性进行了分析论证.     

Secure Direct Communication Based on Non-Orthogonal Entangled Pairs and Local Measurement

We propose a quantum secure direct communication scheme based on non-orthogonal entangled pairs and local measurement. In this scheme, we use eight non-orthogonal entangled pairs to act as quantum channels. Due to the non-orthogonality of the quantum channels, the present protocol can availably prohibit from all kinds of valid eavesdropping and acquire a secure quantum channel. By local measurement, the sender acquires a secret random sequence. The process of encoding on the random sequence is identical to the one in one-time-pad. So the present protocol is secure. Even for a highly lossy channel, our scheme is also valid. The scheme is feasible with present-day techniques.     

Generation of quantum switch and nonlocal fields with an external field in a high quality dispersive cavity

We present a scheme to prepare an optical “quantum switch”, a superposition of “open” and “closed” states. The scheme is based on the interaction of an Λ-type three-level atom with a single-mode of quantized cavity field and an external classical driving field, in the regime where the atom and fields are highly detuned. We show how this interaction can be used to generate coherent states of the cavity field in contrast to the usual method used in microwave cavity QED of injecting a coherent state into a cavity. A combination of switches could be used to prepare a quantum superposition of coherent field states located simultaneously in two cavities. Compared with previous proposals, our scheme is simplified due to economizes the Ramsey zone and the time required for the state generation is short.     

Cryptanalysis and improvement of a secure quantum sealed-bid auction

The security of a secure quantum sealed-bid auction protocol using quantum secure direct communication [Mosayeb Naseri, Opt. Commun. 282 (2009) 1939] is analyzed. It is shown that this protocol is unfair as a malicious bidder can obtain others’ bids without being found, and then he can optimize his bid to win the auction. Finally, a simple improvement to resist this attack is proposed.     

Performance comparison between classical and quantum control for a simple quantum system

Brańczyk et al. pointed out that the quantum control scheme is superior to the classical control scheme for a simple quantum system using simulation [A.M. Brańczyk, P.E.M.F. Mendonca, A. Gilchrist, A.C. Doherty, S.D. Barlett, Quantum control theory of a single qubit, Physical Review A 75 (2007) 012329 or arXiv e-print quant-ph/0608037]. Here we rigorously prove the result. Furthermore we will show that any quantum operation does not universally “correct” the dephasing noise.     

Improved secure quantum sealed-bid auction

The security of a secure quantum sealed-bid auction protocol using quantum secure direct communication based on GHZ states [M. Naseri, Opt. Commun. 282 (2009) 1939] is reexamined. It is shown that the protocol does not complete the task of a sealed-bid auction fairly. It is shown that a dishonest bidder can obtain all the other one’s secret bids by two special types of attack, i.e., double Controlled NOT attack or using fake entangled particles. Furthermore, a simple possible improvement of the protocol is proposed.     

The enhancement of three-party simultaneous quantum secure direct communication scheme with EPR pairs

Recently, Wang et al. proposed a three-party simultaneous quantum secure direct communication (3P-SQSDC) scheme with EPR pairs, which enables three involved parties to exchange their secret messages simultaneously by using an EPR pair. This work proposed an enhancement on Wang et al.'s scheme. With the enhancement, the communications in the improved 3P-SQSDC can be paralleled and thus improves the protocol efficiency.     

Novel quantum steganography with large payload

In this paper, we propose a novel quantum steganography protocol based on quantum secure direct communication. By using entanglement swapping of Bell states, the protocol builds up hidden channel within the improved ping-pong protocol to transmit secret messages. Comparing with the previous quantum steganographies, its capacity of hidden channel is increased to four times, and the superposition channel can transmit more information than the original quantum channel. Imperceptibility of the hidden channel in this protocol is good, since its possibility of detection can be arbitrarily reduced by increasing the Bell state's number. Security of the secret messages is also proved to be reliable regardless of whether the hidden channel has been detected or not. In addition, our protocol has various applications in quantum communication.     

受第三方控制的量子安全对话方案

通过量子隐形传态只能单向传递信息,从某种意义上说,并不是真正的"通信",本文提出一个由第三方控制的量子双向通信方案:通信双方经过幺正变换实现信息编码,然后分别对自己拥有的粒子进行贝尔基联合测量,公布测量结果,在控制方同意的情况下,实现量子安全对话,而控制方并不知道对话内容.由于控制方的加入,大大增强了量子对话的安全性,使得这一方案更趋完美.通过量子信道实现了经典信息的安全双向通信,它在未来量子安全对话、量子保密通信的实际应用中能起到重要的参考作用.     

受第三方控制的量子安全对话方案

通过量子隐形传态只能单向传递信息,从某种意义上说,并不是真正的"通信",本文提出一个由第三方控制的量子双向通信方案:通信双方经过幺正变换实现信息编码,然后分别对自己拥有的粒子进行贝尔基联合测量,公布测量结果,在控制方同意的情况下,实现量子安全对话,而控制方并不知道对话内容.由于控制方的加入,大大增强了量子对话的安全性,使得这一方案更趋完美.通过量子信道实现了经典信息的安全双向通信,它在未来量子安全对话、量子保密通信的实际应用中能起到重要的参考作用.     

Quantum Secure Direct Communication with Two-Photon Four-Qubit Cluster States

In a quantum secure direct communication protocol, two remote parties can transmit the secret message directly without first generating a key to encrypt them. A quantum secure direct communication protocol using two-photon four-qubit cluster states is presented. The presented scheme can achieve a higher efficiency in transmission and source capacity compared with the proposed quantum secure direct communication protocols with cluster states, and the security of the protocol is also discussed.     

Secure quantum sealed-bid auction

A new experimentally feasible and secure quantum sealed-bid auction protocol using quantum secure direct communication based on GHZ states is proposed. In this scheme all bidders Bob, Charlie, … , and Zach use M groups n-particle GHZ states to represent their bids. Here, an auctioneer gives the auction outcome by performing a sequence of n-particle GHZ-basis measurements on the final quantum states. It has been shown that using this method guarantees the honesty of the protocol, and malicious bidders can not collude with the auctioneers.     

一种基于纠缠态的量子中继通信系统

提出了一种基于纠缠态的量子中继通信系统,该系统应用纠缠为基本资源.纠缠为量子隐形传态和绝对安全的量子通信提供了保证.量子中继器用来延长高纠缠度的纠缠光子对的纠缠距离,利用纠缠交换和纠缠纯化在系统的发信者与受信者之间建立光子对的纠缠.应用量子隐形传态的原理传输量子信息.系统分析表明,量子通信系统的吞吐率随着通信双方成功建立纠缠的概率增大而显著增加,量子信号的传输距离取决于量子中继节点的级数.     

Maximally efficient protocols for direct secure quantum communication

Two protocols for deterministic secure quantum communication (DSQC) using GHZ-like states have been proposed. It is shown that one of these protocols is maximally efficient and that can be modified to an equivalent protocol of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC). Security and efficiency of the proposed protocols are analyzed and compared. It is shown that dense coding is sufficient but not essential for DSQC and QSDC protocols. Maximally efficient QSDC protocols are shown to be more efficient than their DSQC counterparts. This additional efficiency arises at the cost of message transmission rate.     

Security analysis of the “Ping–Pong” quantum communication protocol in the presence of collective-rotation noise

Environmental noise is inevitable in non-isolated systems. It is, therefore, necessary to analyze the security of the “Ping–Pong” protocol in a noisy environment. An excellent model for collective-rotation noise is introduced, and information theoretical methods are applied to analyze the security of this protocol. If noise level ε   is lower than 11%, an eavesdropper can gain some, but not all, information freely without being detected. Otherwise, the protocol becomes insecure. We conclude that the use of ‘Ping–Pong’ protocol as a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol is quasi-secure, as declared by the original author when ε?11%$\epsilon ?11\text{\%}$.     

安全传送明文的量子直传实验方案设计

乒乓直传协议是一种新颖的量子直传通信协议。基于量子纠缠特性,乒乓协议允许绝对安全地进行明文直接通信和渐进地进行密钥安全分发。是一种绝对安全的即时通信协议。该量子直传协议将来有望成为安全稳定的光量子通信的主流方式。然而,目前还没有该协议的物理实现方案。分析了乒乓直传协议的工作原理．给出了该协议的流程图,进而分析了协议的物理实现机制,结合纠缠光子源、自由空间单光子路由控制和单光子检测技术,提出了在自由空间中实现乒乓直传协议的实验技术方案,并设计出了乒乓直传协议的实验装置。此实验技术方案为从实验角度进一步研究乒乓协议,以及未来此协议的商业化应用提供了参考。     

利用纠缠GHZ态实现受控的量子确定性安全通讯(英文)

提出一个受控的量子确定性安全通信方案,在通信过程中,纠缠GHZ态用作量子信道,秘密信息的编码和破解是通过受控的量子纠缠交换和局域酉变换实现的.此方案是安全的.关于此方案安全性的证明和两步方案[Phys.Rev.A 68 042317]的安全性是一样的.此方案也可以推广到有多方控制者参与的情形.