多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上绿原酸催化氧化谷胱甘肽

制备了纳米Au-多壁碳纳米管复合材料修饰玻碳电极(Au-MWCNTs/GCE),研究了还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)在该修饰电极上以绿原酸(CGA)为介质的电催化氧化行为。用透射电镜对MWCNTs和Au-MWCNTs进行了表征,结果显示Au纳米粒子均匀地负载在MWCNTs上。电化学测试表明,在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=6.0)中CGA对GSH具有良好的催化作用,用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)测得GSH氧化峰电流与其浓度在0.1~5.0μmol/L和5.0~30.0μmol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检测限(S/N=3)为0.034μmol/L。将该方法用于滴眼液中GSH含量的测定,回收率范围为98.0%~102.0%。     

谷胱甘肽在多壁碳纳米管-离子液体修饰碳糊电极上的间接电化学测定

制备了多壁碳纳米管-离子液体修饰碳糊电极(MWCNTs-ILs/CPE),并以对乙酰氨基酚(PA)为电催化媒介,研究了谷胱甘肽(GSH)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,GSH能明显增强PA在MWCNTs-ILs/CPE上的电化学响应,且示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)的氧化峰电流与其浓度在7.50×10-7~1.00×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检测限(S/N=3)为1.65×10-7 mol/L。该方法简单、快速、灵敏,用于含GSH药物的测定,加标回收率为99.5%~101.8%。     

以对乙酰氨基酚为电催化介质同时测定谷胱甘肽和酪胺

研究了在多壁碳纳米管/石墨烯纳米片(MWCNTs/GRs)杂化材料修饰的玻碳电极上,以对乙酰氨基酚(AP)为媒介电催化氧化谷胱甘肽(GSH),并同时测定GSH和酪胺(TA)的伏安方法。AP对GSH有明显的电催化作用且MWCNTs/GRs可有效放大电信号。实验探讨了pH值对电流响应和峰电位差的影响。在最佳实验条件下,用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)测得GSH和TA的峰电流与其浓度分别在0.75~20μmol·L~(-1)和2.5~125μmol·L~(-1)浓度范围内呈线性关系,检测限(S/N=3)分别为0.15μmol·L~(-1)和0.92μmol·L~(-1)。该方法应用于同时测定牛奶中GSH和TA的含量,获得较好效果。     

二氧化锰/石墨烯/N-取代羧基聚苯胺复合修饰电极对亚硝酸根的电化学催化研究

采用电聚合、静电吸附和恒电位还原的方法在玻碳电极上制备了均匀修饰的还原氧化石墨烯/N-取代羧酸聚苯胺(rGO/NPAN)复合膜。以其为支撑,利用滴涂法将高电催化活性的二氧化锰负载于复合膜上,形成MnO_2/rGO/NPAN复合修饰电极。通过扫描电镜(SEM)对复合膜的形貌进行表征,讨论了NPAN电聚合圈数、GO浓度、电还原时间和pH值等因素对电化学活性和电催化活性的影响。结果表明:该修饰电极具有低的检测电位和高的电化学响应,检测亚硝酸根的浓度范围为0.5×10~(-6)~5.13×10~(-2)mol/L,灵敏度为14.075μA·(mmol/L)~(-1),检出限(S/N=3)低至0.2μmol/L。     

纳米金/Nafion/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极检测对苯二酚的研究

采用一步电化学共还原的方法将纳米金(AuNPs)、Nafion、电化学还原石墨烯(ERGO)修饰到玻碳电极(GCE)表面,制成修饰电极AuNPs/Nafion/ERGO/GCE。以扫描电镜对其进行表征,用循环伏安法和微分脉冲伏安法研究对苯二酚在该修饰电极上的电催化行为。优化了实验参数,对苯二酚在2.0～100μmol/L及100～800μmol/L浓度范围内与其氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.3μmol/L。用该修饰电极成功地进行了实际水样中对苯二酚含量的测定。     

纳米金修饰玻碳电极对鸟嘌呤的催化氧化

采用电化学沉积法制备了纳米金修饰玻碳电极,并用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法进行了表征,以此建立了一种直接测定鸟嘌呤的电分析方法。在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 6.0)中,研究了鸟嘌呤在纳米金修饰电极上的电化学行为,实验结果表明,纳米金修饰电极可以增强鸟嘌呤在电极表面的吸附,并加快鸟嘌呤在电极表面的电子传输,使其电化学信号明显增大,检测灵敏度大大提高,该修饰电极对鸟嘌呤表现出良好的电催化性能。在优化实验条件下对鸟嘌呤进行测定,方法的线性范围为8.0×10-7~6.0×10-5mol/L,检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L,在鸟嘌呤浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L时测得RSD(n=10)为2.5%。     

La(OH)_3纳米片修饰玻碳电极对鸟嘌呤和腺嘌呤的电催化氧化

以La(OH)3纳米片为修饰剂,制备了基于La(OH)3纳米片修饰玻碳电极(LNP/GCE)。采用循环伏安(CV)法研究了鸟嘌呤(G)和腺嘌呤(A)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,在HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,该修饰电极对G和A都表现出了良好的电催化性能。在最佳条件下,用差分脉冲伏安(DPV)法对G和A进行了测定,其氧化峰电流与G和A的浓度在0.1~10μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限(S/N=3)分别为0.01μmol/L和0.03μmol/L。将该修饰电极用于DNA中A和G的同时测定,获得较好结果。     

鸟嘌呤在铂纳米/壳聚糖/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了铂纳米/壳聚糖/石墨烯修饰电极。研究了鸟嘌呤(G)在修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,该修饰电极对G的氧化具有明显的电催化作用。利用示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)对G进行检测,在0.1~10μmol/L浓度范围内,G的氧化峰电流和浓度成良好的线性关系,线性方程为I(μA)=2.08-1.92c(×10~(-5)mol/L),相关系数为0.9977,检测限为32 nmol/L(S/N=3)。该修饰电极用于血清样品中G的检测。     

电化学还原氧化石墨烯/碳纳米管复合物修饰电极对尿酸的检测

研究了电化学还原氧化石墨烯(ErGO)及多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)复合物修饰电极的制备及应用,建立了一种尿酸测定的电化学分析新方法。通过滴涂法将物理超声共混的氧化石墨烯(GO)和MWNTs复合物修饰于裸电极上,随后将GO进行电化学还原制得ErGO-MWNTs复合物修饰电极。实验发现,相比于单独的ErGO修饰电极或MWNTs修饰电极,ErGO-MWNTs修饰电极具有更好的电催化活性,这归因于二者的协同电催化作用。对该电极进行尿酸检测的实验条件和参数进行了优化。在优化条件下,电极的氧化峰电流与尿酸浓度在0.13~45μmol/L内呈现出良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.99681,检出限为50 nmol/L。     

碳纳米管负载钴/铁混合氧化物修饰电极碱性条件下测定葡萄糖

以碳纳米管为模板,采用电化学方法制备了碳纳米管负载的钴/铁混合氧化物修饰电极,并研究了该修饰电极在碱性介质中对葡萄糖的电催化活性。结果表明,该修饰电极对葡萄糖具有良好的电催化氧化活性。在优化条件下,安培法检测葡萄糖的线性范围为2.0×10-7~4.2×10-5mol·L-1和4.2×10-5~4.9×10-4mol·L-1,检出限(3sb,n=7)为5.0×10-8mol·L-1,灵敏度分别为242.7μA·(mmol·L-1)-1和114.8μA·(mmol·L-1)-1,响应时间小于5 s。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.