将毫安表改装为大量程直流电流表的新方法

在电表改装实验中,如将毫安表改装成大量程直流电流表,由于分流电阻Rs的阻值较小,接触电阻和引线电阻已不可忽略,使得改装表达不到设计目标。通过采用四端引线连接分流电阻Rs,减小接触电阻和引线电阻的影响,结合开尔文电桥测低阻的方法测量分流电阻Rs,实现了大量程直流电流表改装。     

多量程电流表分流电阻的计算

多量程电流表分流电阻的计算卢梦克纪时佳管潇津（保定师专物理系河北保定０７１０５１）多量程电流表是测量中最常用的电磁仪表之一。在电磁学实验中，大部分高校安排了有关的设计实验，其关键性的问题是各档分流电阻的计算。采用传统的方法由于数据多、计算繁，很容易出...     

锻炼思维的电表改装问题

1 电压表、电流表的摆角与读数问题 1.1 电压表的摆角与读数问题 电压表是由一个电流表和一个电阻串联改装而成,电流表的摆角与电流成正比,因此电压表的摆角与流过内部电流表的电流成正比,电流越大摆角越大;电压表的读数为电流表的电压与串联电阻的电压之和,因此读数与摆角和量程都有关系.     

“并联半值法”测电流表内阻的误差分析

关于“把电流表改装为伏特表”的实验,《物理实验》杂志已登载过几篇文章,但都未对实验中测量电流表内阻所采用的“并联半值法”进行分析。我们利用清华大学附属中学物理实验室的条件,对这个实验,分别采用并联半值法、替代法对量程为5mA的电流表进行了测试比较,并做了一些探讨,供参考。     

测定电流表内阻的一种简便方法

测定电流表内阻的简便方法其电路如下图所示．图中G为内阻是r。的待测电流表，其量程为人；G；为已知量的另一电流表；R；与R。为两个可变电阻箱；K；、K。是两个电键；电路由电动势为。，内阻为厂的电源供电．当闭合电键K；、K。后，通过电路中干路的电流I；可从电流表G；上直     

在电学设计中培养学生的评价能力——从一道电学设计题说起

1缘起 近来测试卷中有这样一道题目：现有一满偏电流为50μA、内阻约为800～850Ω的59C2型小量程电流计G（表头）;另外可供选择的器材有电压表V（量程3V,内阻约为20kΩ）,电流表A1（量程200μA,内阻约为500Ω）,     

串并联电路在实际电路中的应用

中专物理教材(陕西省中专物理教材组编工科中专物理教材)对串联电路的分压作用和并联电路的分流作用在实际电路中的应用,分别以扩大电压表和电流表的量程为例加以说明.如果老师能够结合本校实验室所用的电压表、电流表的内部线路进行分析,不但能为学生分组实验提供有力的理论依据,还能使学生更好地理解中学教材中的相关内容:“电压表电阻很大,在电路中相当于开路;电流表电阻很小,在电路中相当于短路”.     

测定电表内阻的两种简单方法

测定电表内阻的两种简单方法游维（扬州化工学校２２５００２）在中专物理“电流表改装成电压表”和“扩大毫安表和伏特表的量程”这两组实验中都必须事先知道表头内阻的大小才能进行实验，而实际上有些电流表的表头内阻并没有标明，或电表的内阻太小，因而无法测量．为了...     

伏安法测量实验中系统误差的处理

1测量电路及实验原理在选择电流表内接电路时,设伏特表读数为U,电流表读数为I,测测量值Rx为:Rx=U/I=R+RA(1)可见,Rx>R图1电路图即:R=Rx-RA(2)式中R为待测电阻阻值,RA为电流表内阻。若能精确地提供RA的值,根据式(2)可准确计算阻值R。由于电流表内阻在不同的量程下不同,而且受实验环境的影响,因此,RA不能靠实验室提供,需要在实验中测量得到。如图1所示,合上K1、K2,在伏特表、电流表中读取数据:U1、U2、I,则:RA=(U1-U2)/I(3)事实上,这是测量微小电压降的方法。实验中,电流表的内阻较小,故电流表两端的电压降很小,用上述方法可以…     

为什么要选择电表的合适量程

电表的量程选择合适，能减小测量值的误差．中学常用的电压表（J0408）、电流表（J0407）准确度均为2．5级．现根据电表的准确度来确定实验误差范围．     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.