部分相干光的轨道角动量及其谱的分析研究

针对光束轨道角动量的研究主要集中在相干光束的研究，而对于部分空间相干光束的轨道角动量研究较少，依据部分相干光的Wigner分布函数推导出部分相干光的轨道角动量表达式，分析了部分相干光的轨道角动量谱特性。采用Mercer展开法得到了轨道角动量谱，计算了给定部分相干光束的轨道角动量谱，讨论了部分相干性对轨道角动量谱的影响。研究结果表明：部分相干光和相干光具有相同的轨道角动量表达式，部分相干光的轨道角动量谱随着相干性的变差而愈发弥散，携带轨道角动量的部分相干光束的轨道角动量谱比不携带轨道角动量的部分相干光束的轨道角动量谱更容易受相干度的影响。     

角动量的物理图象

根据角动量的定义，结合图形，分析和讨论角动量计算中各项以及各量的深刻意义，建立角动量的物理图象．明确对点的角动量和对轴的角动量的关系．     

一个验证电磁系统角动量守恒的实例

本文从一个实验出发，就电磁角动量、电磁场角动量流密度张量和机械角动量进行讨论，给出带电体系角动量与场角动量守恒的条件．     

复杂像散椭圆光束的轨道角动量的实验研究

提出一种直接测量光束的轨道角动量的方法，其原理是把具有轨道角动量的光束照射到一个金属靶上，使其在光束的角动量作用下发生转动. 通过测量靶转动的角度来计算光束的角动量值. 对几种不同参数的光束的轨道角动量进行了测量，获得了轨道角动量与光束参数之间的关系，实验结果与理论分析较好地符合. 关键词： 复杂像散椭圆光束 轨道角动量 测量     

轨道角动量指向可控的紧聚焦时空波包(特邀)EI北大核心CSCD

利用Debye积分,研究了三个相互正交的轨道角动量(包括两个正交的横向轨道角动量以及一个纵向轨道角动量)光场在紧聚焦条件下的复杂耦合现象,并演示了焦场中相位奇点在三维时空间中的演化。此外,还研究了具有不同拓扑荷数的纵向轨道角动量对聚焦波包整体轨道角动量指向的影响。数值结果表明,聚焦波包的整体轨道角动量指向可由纵向轨道角动量的拓扑荷数进行调控,进而实现紧聚焦时空波包的轨道角动量指向可控。这种角动量指向可控的时空波包在光学微操作、微纳加工、自旋-轨道耦合以及量子通信等领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

关于角动量守恒定律的应用

本文结合实例阐述了怎样应用角动量定理和角动量守恒定律解决力学问题．指出角动量定理和角动量守恒定律只适用于惯性参照系和质心参照系．角动量守恒是对惯性参照系某一固定参考点而言的．但在没有外力的情况下，角动量守恒对于惯性参照系的任一固定参考点都是适用的．     

电磁场角动量守恒及其应用

由带电体与电磁场相互作用时角动量守恒推导出电磁场角动量及角动量流的具体表达式,讨论了电磁角动量对于深入理解电磁场基本属性的作用以及它在微观物理学研究中的应用。     

两个同心带电球壳体系电磁场角动量的研究

电磁场的动量和角动量是经典电磁学有趣而又基本的问题。根据标准电磁理论,电磁场角动量可表示为L_(em)=ε_0∫_vr×(E×B)dV,对恒定电磁场,角动量还可以用L_(em)=∫r×ρAdV来计算,文章对此进行了分析。通过一个简单的模型,即一个固定的绝缘带电球壳处在另一个旋转的绝缘带电球壳中心,分析了该体系电磁场从建立到稳定,再到撤去的过程中,整个系统角动量的变化情况。验证了在建立稳定电磁场的过程中,外力提供的冲量矩一部分转化为电磁场角动量储存在电磁场中,一部分提供体系的转动机械角动量,当撤掉磁场后,电磁场角动量转换成机械角动量,整个过程角动量守恒。     

声子角动量与手性声子

在经典的物理学理论中,声子广泛地被认为是线极化的、不具有角动量的.最近的理论研究发现,在具有自旋声子相互作用的磁性体系(时间反演对称性破缺)中,声子可以携带非零的角动量,在零温时声子除了具有零点能以外还带有零点角动量;非零的声子角动量将会修正通过爱因斯坦-德哈斯效应测量的回磁比.在非磁性材料中,总的声子角动量为零,但是在空间反演对称性破缺的六角晶格体系中,其倒格子空间的高对称点上声子具有角动量,并具有确定的手性;三重旋转对称操作给予声子量子化的赝角动量,赝角动量的守恒将决定电子谷间散射的选择定则;此外还理论预测了谷声子霍尔效应.     

从空间转动的几何性质推导角动量对易式

经典力学中把L=r×P叫做角动量.量子力学将r和P看作算符后得到算符(1)(V是微分算符),称L为角动量算符.由定义式(1)出发,经过微分运算可得到角动量算符不同分量间的对易关系(2a) (2b) (2c)这种关于角动量的定义和对易关系的推导方法,不具有普遍意义,它只适用于轨道角动量.而角动量这个量跟系统在转动下的变换性质有本质联系.角动量的对易关系,与体系在转动下的特性密切相关.笔者认为,在量子力学的教学中,如果在利用经典概念建立了量子力学的轨道角动量算符后,能再进一步从体系的转动变换性质推导角动量算符,并给出角动量的一般定义式,对提…     

Energy and angular momentum transfers from an electromagnetic wave to a copper ring in the UHF band

Electromagnetic waves could carry orbital angular momentum. Such momentum can be transferred to macroscopic objects and can make them rotate under a constant torque. Based on experimental observations, we investigate the origin of orbital angular momentum and energy transfer. Due to angular momentum and energy conservation, we show that angular momentum transfer is due to the change in the sign of angular momentum upon reflection. This leads to a rotational Doppler shift of the electromagnetic wave frequency, ensuring energy conservation.     

对角动量算符的讨论——对自旋的讨论之三

从算符^／J的构成上证明,所谓的总角动量J实质上是相对论性的轨道动量,自旋是相对论性轨道角动量的一个组成部分。     

柱矢量光束的角动量性质

介绍了非近轴光束的表示理论,利用该表示理论很好地解决了非近轴光束的角动量问题,发现非近轴光束的总角动量可以严格地分解成自旋和轨道两部分,但是两者都依赖于由偏振椭圆度表征的光束的偏振状态。主要研究了柱矢量光束的角动量问题。给出了动量空间和位形空间中的柱矢量光束表达式和角动量算符表达式。通过分析两个空间中的角动量算符及柱矢量光束表达式,发现在这两种空间中,具有螺旋型相位的柱矢量光束是角动量算符沿着传播方向的分量的本征态,其本征值与偏振椭圆度无关,这为计算这类特殊光束的角动量提供了一种新方法。     

Mechanical equivalence of spin and orbital angular momentum of light: an optical spanner

We use a Laguerre-Gaussian laser mode within an optical tweezers arrangement to demonstrate the transfer of the orbital angular momentum of a laser mode to a trapped particle. The particle is optically confined in three dimensions and can be made to rotate; thus the apparatus is an optical spanner. We show that the spin angular momentum of +/-?per photon associated with circularly polarized light can add to, or subtract from, the orbital angular momentum to give a total angular momentum. The observed cancellation of the spin and orbital angular momentum shows that, as predicted, a Laguerre-Gaussian mode with an azimuthal mode index l=1 has a well-defined orbital angular momentum corresponding to ? per photon.     

Nucleon internal structure: a new set of quark, gluon momentum, angular momentum operators and parton distribution functions

It is unavoidable to deal with the quark and gluon momentum and angular momentum contributions to the nucleon momentum and spin in the study of nucleon internal structure. However we never have the quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and gluon spin operators which satisfy both the gauge invariance and the canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation. The conflicts between the gauge invariance and canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed. A new set of quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, which satisfy both the gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation, are proposed. The key point to achieve such a proper decomposition is to separate the gauge field into the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts. The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics and have been solved in the same manner. The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed.     

高阶椭圆厄密–高斯光束的轨道角动量研究

从傍轴条件下光束轨道角动量的基本理论出发,根据高阶椭圆厄密–高斯光束的光场分布,运用张量方法,对高阶椭圆厄密-高斯光束轨道角动量的密度分布进行了理论分析,得到了求解该密度分布的计算公式,并在给定参量条件下作了数值模拟.进一步对光束中每个光子携带的平均轨道角动量进行了计算,发现其值随着椭圆厄密-高斯光束阶次的增大而增大,表明高阶椭圆厄密-高斯光束能够比椭圆高斯光束或拉盖尔-高斯光束提供高得多的轨道角动量.     

Evaporative cooling of helium nanodroplets with angular momentum conservation

Evaporative cooling of helium nanodroplets is studied with a statistical rate model that includes, for the first time, angular momentum conservation. While the final temperature of the droplets is almost identical to that previously predicted and later observed, the distribution of total droplet energy and angular momentum states is vastly more excited than a canonical distribution at the same temperature. It is found that the final angular momentum of the droplets is highly correlated with the initial direction, and that a significant fraction of the alignment of the total angular momentum should be transferred to the rotational angular momentum of an embedded molecule.     

Chaos bound in Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT black holes via circular motions

In this study, we investigate the influence of the angular momentum of a charged particle around Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT black holes on the Lyapunov exponent and find spatial regions where the chaos bound is violated. The exponent is obtained by solving the determination of the eigenvalues of a Jacobian matrix in the phase space. Equilibrium positions are obtained by fixing the charge-to-mass ratio of the particle and changing its angular momentum. For certain values of the black holes' electric charge, the NUT charge and rotational parameter, a small angular momentum of the particle, even with zero angular momentum, causes violation of the bound. This violation disappears at a certain distance from the event horizon of the non-extremal Kerr-Newman-Taub-NUT black hole when the angular momentum increases to a certain value. When the black hole is extremal, the violation always exists no matter how the angular momentum changes. The ranges of the angular momentum and spatial regions for the violation are found. The black holes and particle rotating in the same and opposite directions are discussed.     

Intrinsic and extrinsic nature of the orbital angular momentum of a light beam

We explain that, unlike the spin angular momentum of a light beam which is always intrinsic, the orbital angular momentum may be either extrinsic or intrinsic. Numerical calculations of both spin and orbital angular momentum are confirmed by means of experiments with particles trapped off axis in optical tweezers, where the size of the particle means it interacts with only a fraction of the beam profile. Orbital angular momentum is intrinsic only when the interaction with matter is about an axis where there is no net transverse momentum.     

Observability of static electromagnetic angular momentum

The mechanical angular momentum induced by the Lorentz torque in an isolated system may not appear as a macroscopic angular momentum, since it may be associated at least in part with the angular momentum of the current carriers.