HL-2A中性束大功率离子源的研制

2007年3月, 为HL-2A中性束注入器研制的大功率离子源在核工业西南物理研究院成功通过了测试. 该离子源为圆柱结构的桶式离子源型; 加速器采用三电极的加减速系统. 实验运行参数如下: 灯丝加热电流1100A, 电压12V, 弧放电电压120V, 弧放电电流1050A, 等离子体密度达2.5×10¹²/cm³, 离子流密度0.44A/cm²; 在距等离子体电极5mm的平面上, 等离子体的均匀性好于5%, 工作脉宽2s. 离子源物理设计、工程考虑、实验研究结果等将在本文介绍.     

有限温度下Mohapatra-Senjanovic模型的元激发谱

利用实时温度格林函数, 本文给出了有限温度下Mohapatra-Senjanovic模型^[1]的元激发谱. 本文证明, 在实时格林函数的运动方程中, 引入一级正常配对和反常配对作切断近似后给出的结果, 与在DJWB方法^[2]中用松原格林函数用单圈图计算有效势得出的结果一致. 四支元激发谱的质量、凝聚密度和温度的关系如图1、图2所示.     

水中放电等离子体状态方程的理论研究

 水中放电等离子体通道内温度达2×10⁴～5×10⁴ K、而压力达1～10 GPa。在这样的参数下,等离子体的状态方程已不能用理想气体状态方程来描述。首次考虑了粒子间的相互作用对水中放电等离子体参数下粒子电离能的影响,计算了电子的简并性、带电粒子间的库仑相互作用、原子内部能级扰动所产生的压力。计算结果表明：当H、O原子和离子的总密度n=10²⁹ m^-3时,若考虑电离能漂移,则电子密度提高的最大幅度达70%;电子的简并性对压力的影响很小;粒子间的库仑相互作用在高温区使总压减小较显著,但在所计算的参数范围内,其幅值也不大于10%;当n=10²⁹ m^-3、T≈2×10⁴ K时,原子内部能级的扰动使总压增大约30%。     

大功率多磁极会切场离子源的弧放电特性分析

为了在HL-2A上实现3MW的中性束注入, 我院自主研制了直径为260mm, 高度为240mm的大功率多磁极会切场离子源. 目前, 它的性能已达到并超过了最初设计指标, 放电脉冲为1s时, 最大离子流密度为0.44A/cm²; 放电脉冲为3s时, 等离子体离子流密度0.24A/cm²; 等离子体非均匀性都在5%—7%范围之内. 目前, 它是我国国内等离子体密度最高, 放电功率最大的长脉冲桶式离子源. 本文通过实验数据与理论相结合的方式对弧放电特性进行分析.     

高岭石的高温高压相图及其地学意义

 用阻抗匹配法和PZT压电探针技术,在100 GPa的冲击压力范围内测量了初始密度分别为1.375 g/cm³和2.001 g/cm³两种孔隙度叙永石样品的Hugoniot状态方程。根据其p_H-ρ_H线所给出的高温高压相变点,用Grüneisen状态方程计算其相变点压力所对应的温度,并结合常压下受热相变的温度值,建立了“高岭石/Al₂O₃+SiO₂+H₂O”的温度-压力相平衡图。通过该相图与线性地热线的交点推断：高岭石至少可在上地幔50 km深处作为一种含水（OH^-）矿物而稳定存在;或在俯冲板块中至少于133 km深处作为一种含水（OH^-）泥质沉积物的过渡相而存在。     

激光产生蒸汽羽的干涉研究

 根据拍摄1.06 μm长脉冲钕玻璃激光与LY12铝靶耦合产生蒸汽羽的干涉分幅照片，测出在t<50 μs空气冲击波速度约为473 m/s而蒸汽羽阵面扩散速度约为162 m/s。运用蒸汽羽等离子体的有关热力学特性方程组，得到蒸汽羽等离子体的电子密度、电子温度、电离度和吸收系数的最大值分别为N_e≈3.1×10¹⁷ cm^-1，T≈6 096 K，η≈0.014，α_(1.06μm)≈0.03 cm^-1的结果。     

高能核-核非弹性散射和炮弹核结构的影响

在Glauber理论基础上, 在刚性炮弹近似下, 给出了核-核非弹性散射振幅. 具体计算了1.37GeV的α+C¹²非弹性散射2⁺(4.44MeV)和3^－(9.64MeV)的微分截面, 并讨论了炮弹核α的不同密度分布对散射的影响.     

以巨脉冲红宝石激光为光源的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪应用于θ收缩等离子体的研究

本文应用巨脉冲红宝石激光为光源的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,研究了23kJ(千焦耳)“θ收缩”(θ-pinch)等离子体的电子密度、形状和不稳定性。从轴向干涉图的照片获得45至120mTorr(毫乇)氘气压范围的二维电子密度分布和电子密度的峰值在6×10¹⁶—2.3×10¹⁷cm^-3范围。等离子体最大收缩出现在主压缩磁场的第一个半周期的1/3附近,在等离子体的最大收缩附近的特征约束时间(粒子数衰减1/e的时间)为1.8—4.3μs,具有负偏磁场的干涉图显示在等离子体中捕获了偏磁场。从这些干涉图的照片上还看到等离子体在主压缩磁场和等离子体捕获场之间作径向磁流体振荡。干涉图照片还表明,在45至80mTorr氘气压范围内,等离子体在主压缩磁场的第一个半周期内基本上都是稳定的。     

采用Ag+离子与TiF6光学玻璃内的K+或Na+离子交换产生高折射率梯度剖面分布

本文介绍了TiF₆光学玻璃的制作。研究了这种玻璃内的K⁺或Na⁺离子与Ag⁺离子交换。使用双光束干涉法观测了干涉纹、并用电子探针扫描电镜测量了Ag⁺、K⁺和Na⁺离子的浓度分布,还着重研究了离子交换后的玻璃裂纹和着色问题。最后,对结果作了讨论。     

用马赫贞德干涉仪测量喷气式Z箍缩等离子体密度

 为了研究喷气式Z箍缩（gas-puff Z-pinch）等离子体的内爆特性，研制了一套马赫-贞德干涉系统，并在小型喷气式Z箍缩装置(充电电压23kV,放电峰值电流210kA)上进行了试验，获得了清晰的干涉图像。根据干涉图上条纹的移动数目，计算得到该装置内爆早期等离子体的平均电子密度为10¹⁷~10¹⁸/cm³。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.