纳米颗粒透明分散体及其高性能有机无机复合材料

纳米颗粒分散是无机纳米材料在有机体系中应用的关键.本文提出了采用纳米颗粒液相分散体制备高度分散纳米透明有机无机复合材料的新方法,发明了超重力反应-萃取相转移方法制备纳米颗粒液相透明分散体技术,介绍了其制备原理和实施效果,以及其在纳米复合节能膜、纳米润滑油脂和高固含量光学材料等有机无机纳米复合材料中的最新研究进展.     

有机光伏薄膜的力学性能调控与预测

有机光伏电池(OPVs)具有颜色丰富、质轻、柔性等优点,在半透明、可穿戴/可拉伸电子器件领域具有极大的应用前景.本文重点评述了高效率有机光伏活性层薄膜的力学性能调整策略,并概述了其力学性能的理论预测模型.首先,简要介绍了薄膜的力学性能参数及其测试方法;随后,结合最新实例分别阐述了聚合物∶小分子和全聚合物两类OPVs共混薄膜力学性能的调控方法和理论模型;最后,对有机光电薄膜未来的研究趋势进行了展望.     

有机共轭分子自组装方法

本文综述了有机共轭分子自组装方法的最新研究进展,从有机共轭分子的合成、自组装方法、光电性质及应用等方面进行了阐述,着重阐述了适用于有机共轭分子的各种自组装方法。认为它们的自组装在有机光电材料或器件方面具有广阔的应用前景及潜在的应用价值。     

CdS纳米微粒在LB膜层隙聚集形态的AFM观察

用LB技术制备纳米微粒与超薄有机膜的复合膜是近年来值得注意的研究进展＊．利用该方法所制备出的材料既具有纳米粒子所特有的量子尺度效应，又具有LB股的分子层次有序、股厚可控以及易于组装等特点．它可用来制备结构可控的有机无机交替膜．而且，通过改变LB膜成膜材料和制备条件还可改变纳米粒子的光电特性．因此它在微电子学、光电子学、非线性光学及传感器等研究领域有着十分广阔的应用前景问．纳米微粒的聚集形态及LB膜在生成纳米微粒后的结构变化对材料的特性有着很大的影响．但采用一般的电镜技术或光谱分析手段均不能在实空间和…     

有机多孔聚咔唑的制备及性能研究进展

聚咔唑具有刚性主链和共轭富电子体系, 既有利于形成永久性多孔材料, 又可增强被吸附物与吸附剂之间的相互作用, 还具有特异的光电性能. 因此, 近年来有机多孔聚咔唑材料的研究成为有机多孔材料领域中的一个热点. 有机多孔聚咔唑一般具有较大的比表面积和稳定的孔结构, 其制备方法简单多样, 多孔性可调控, 而且可以保持良好的光学电学性质, 在气体存储与分离、有机蒸气吸附、催化、传感及有机电子学等方面具有潜在的应用价值. 就有机多孔聚咔唑材料的制备而言, 常用的制备方法是以氧化偶联反应和Friedel-Crafts反应为代表的合成方法, 还有一些如氰基三聚和碳–碳偶联反应等其他的合成方法. 本文主要介绍近几年有机多孔聚咔唑的制备方法和性能研究与应用方面的最新进展.     

稀土掺杂上转换纳米颗粒-金属有机骨架复合材料的研究进展

稀土掺杂上转换纳米颗粒-金属有机骨架复合材料是一类新型的功能复合材料. 它不仅结合了稀土掺杂上转换纳米颗粒和金属有机骨架这两种材料的特性, 体现了两者复合后的协同效应, 还具有设计灵活和功能易拓展等优势. 本文聚焦稀土掺杂上转换纳米颗粒-金属有机框架复合材料的最新发展, 总结了该类复合材料的制备方法, 介绍了其在生物和催化等领域的应用, 并对其面临的挑战和发展前景进行了展望.     

基于金属有机框架的纳米酶及其在生物分析中的应用

纳米酶是一类具有类酶活性的纳米材料,在分析化学和疾病诊疗领域具有良好的发展潜力。金属有机框架（MOFs）材料是由金属节点和有机配体形成的多孔晶体材料,其结构与天然酶有一定的相似性。目前,研究者已经开发了多种基于MOFs的纳米酶,包括具有类过氧化物酶、类氧化酶、类超氧化物歧化酶和类水解酶活性的纳米酶等,并显示出广阔的应用前景。本文根据材料的结构特点,将基于MOFs的纳米酶分为原始MOFs、化学修饰MOFs、MOFs复合材料和MOFs衍生物4类,介绍了这4类纳米酶制备的基本原理与最新研究进展。在此基础上,根据比色传感、荧光传感和电化学传感等分析策略,综述了MOFs基纳米酶在生物分析方面的研究和应用进展,讨论了其在实际应用中所面临的挑战和未来的发展趋势。     

微纳米金属有机骨架材料的制备及形貌调控

金属有机骨架材料(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)由于具有超高的比表面积和孔隙率、孔径大小和结构可调等优点,在能源、催化和生物医药等领域引起了人们广泛的重视。近年来,微纳米MOFs的可控制备成为了一个新的研究热点。本文总结了微纳米MOFs的合成方法、形貌调控以及应用方面的研究成果,并对其未来研究进行了展望。     

三角形纳米银颗粒的制备及其热稳定性的研究

具有独特的光学和化学性质的纳米三角形银纳米颗粒在光电、催化和生物传感器等领域中有广泛的应用.提供一种简单的方法制备三角银纳米颗粒,对其进行表征研究,且详细讨论了其热力学稳定性.     

有机-无机纳米复合微球研究进展北大核心CSCD

有机-无机纳米复合微球是指两种或两种以上的粒子经表面包覆或复合处理后形成的纳米尺度颗粒。近年来,有机-无机纳米复合微球在各领域具有广泛应用前景而备受关注。本文归纳了目前比较成熟的合成技术和先进工艺,将制备有机-无机纳米复合微球的方法分为溶胶-凝胶法、原位聚合法及其他实验方法,详细介绍了原位聚合法,分别从各类方法的特点和应用等方面进行详尽地分析和阐述,并对有机-无机纳米复合微球的实际应用做了比较系统的总结。最后,展望了有机-无机纳米复合微球的发展和前景。     

自组装单层膜的制备与应用

本文综述了自组装单层膜制备及应用技术的最新发展,分别对有机硅烷/羟基化表面和硫醇/金两种重要的自组装单层膜体系的制备新技术以及在制膜技术和分子电子学等领域的最新应用进行了总结.     

Nano-emulsions: New applications and optimization of their preparation

Nano-emulsions, as non-equilibrium systems, present characteristics and properties which depend not only on composition but also on the preparation method. Although interest in nano-emulsions was developed since about 20 years ago, mainly for nanoparticle preparation, it is in the last years that direct applications of nano-emulsions in consumer products are being developed, mainly in pharmacy and cosmetics. These recent applications have made that studies on optimization methods for nano-emulsion preparation be a requirement. This review is focused on the most recent literature on developments of nano-emulsions as final application products and on the optimization of their preparation.     

取向碳纳米管制备方法及其应用进展*

碳纳米管有广阔的应用前景,但很多应用是以碳纳米管定向的取向排列为前提.本文全面介绍了制备取向碳纳米管的各种方法和研究进展,综合阐述了各种制备方法的特点,并初步讨论了制备取向生长碳纳米管各种方法的机理.最后,对取向碳纳米管的应用进行了展望,提出了碳纳米管应用的新思路.     

Low‐Density Open Cellular Sponges as Functional Materials

Low‐density macroporous sponges with densities less than 100 mg cm⁻³ are both a challenge and an opportunity for advanced chemistry and material science. The challenge lies in the precise preparation of the sponges with property combinations that lead to novel applications. Bottom‐up and top‐down chemical and engineering methods for the preparation of sponges are a major focus of this Review, with an emphasis on carbon and polymer materials. The light weight, sustainability, breathability, special wetting characteristics, large mass transfer, mechanical stability, and large pore volume are typical characteristics of sponges made of advanced materials and could lead to novel applications. Some selected sponge properties and potential applications are discussed.     

模板及其在纳米材料合成领域的应用

模板法是合成纳米材料的重要方法之一.本文综述了模板的分类、制备方法、性能以及在纳米材料合成领域中的应用,并对模板合成的未来发展进行了展望。     

Solid-phase microextraction: a powerful sample preparation tool prior to mass spectrometric analysis

Sample preparation is an essential step in analysis, greatly influencing the reliability and accuracy of resulted the time and cost of analysis. Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) is a very simple and efficient, solventless sample preparation method, invented by Pawliszyn in 1989. SPME has been widely used in different fields of analytical chemistry since its first applications to environmental and food analysis and is ideally suited for coupling with mass spectrometry (MS). All steps of the conventional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) such as extraction, concentration, (derivatization) and transfer to the chromatograph are integrated into one step and one device, considerably simplifying the sample preparation procedure. It uses a fused-silica fibre that is coated on the outside with an appropriate stationary phase. The analytes in the sample are directly extracted to the fibre coating. The SPME technique can be routinely used in combination with gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis and places no restriction on MS. SPME reduces the time necessary for sample preparation, decreases purchase and disposal costs of solvents and can improve detection limits. The SPME technique is ideally suited for MS applications, combining a simple and efficient sample preparation with versatile and sensitive detection. This review summarizes analytical characteristics and variants of the SPME technique and its applications in combination with MS.     

阴离子印迹聚合物的制备及其应用研究进展

离子印迹聚合物是利用印迹技术对模板离子进行印迹、聚合进而得到能够选择性吸附该离子的一种特殊聚合物。目前的报道大多是阳离子印迹聚合物,因为阴离子模板结构更复杂多样且电荷尺寸比更小,致使阴离子印迹聚合物的发展相对滞后。为能更有效地指导阴离子印迹聚合物的制备,本文概述了阴离子印迹聚合物的发展现状,介绍了与不同阴离子有相互作用的功能单体类型(含氨基、季铵基、氮杂环、羧基结构)以及基于上述单体制备的阴离子印迹聚合物吸附性能等,综述了阴离子印迹聚合物的制备方法与合成策略及其在电化学检测和荧光传感等分析化学领域的应用,总结了当前阴离子印迹聚合物制备过程中存在的问题,展望了未来的研究方向。     

钯复合膜的研究进展

钯复合膜具有很高的透氢选择性以及良好的化学和热稳定性，一直是膜技术领域的研究热点。本文综述了近年来在钯复合膜透氢机理、钯膜制备方法以及钯膜反应器等方面的研究进展；着重讨论了近3年来钯复合膜制备方法的新进展，包括超临界条件下制备钯复合膜的新技术等内容；总结了钯复合膜在脱氢、部分氧化以及耦合反应过程中应用的一些代表性工作，并对钯复合膜制备与应用的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Chemical preparation and applications of silver dendrites

Silver dendrites have received immense attention because of their fascinating hierarchical structures and unique properties. Depending on the methods of synthesis, Ag dendrites can be implemented in numerous fields. This review summarizes a variety of Ag dendrites preparation techniques. The involved growth mechanisms are investigated in order to control the formation progress more effectively. With regard to the applications, this article mainly focuses on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, catalysis, superhydrophobic surface and surface enhanced fluorescence by using Ag dendrites. The remaining issues of the preparation methods, which impede the practical applications of Ag dendrites, are pointed out to enlighten their future research.     

Preparation and Utilization of Jute‐Derived Carbon: A Short Review

This article summarizes the preparation and applications of carbon derived from jute sticks and fibers that are low‐cost, widely available, renewable, and environmentally friendly. Both the fibers and sticks are considered ideal candidates of carbon preparation because they are composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, and contain negligible ash content. Various carbon preparation methods including simple pyrolysis, pyrolysis with chemical and physical activations are discussed. The impacts of several parameters including types of activating agents, impregnation ratio, and temperature on their morphology, surface area, pore size, crystallinity, and surface functional groups are also emphasized. Various treatments to endow functionalization for increasing the practical applicability, such as chemical, physical, and physico‐chemical methods, are discussed. In addition, applications of jute‐derived carbon in various practical areas, including energy storage, water treatment, and sensors, are also highlighted in this report. Due to the porous fine structure and a large specific surface area, the jute‐derived carbon could be considered as a powerful candidate material for various industrial applications. Finally, possible future prospects of jute‐derived carbon for various applications are pointed out.