Local–global divisibility by 4 in elliptic curves defined over {\mathbb{Q}}

Let ${\mathcal{E}}Let E{\mathcal{E}} be an elliptic curve defined over \mathbbQ{\mathbb{Q}} . Let P ? E(\mathbb Q){P\in {\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb {Q})} and let q be a positive integer. Assume that for almost all valuations v ? \mathbbQ{v\in \mathbb{Q}} , there exist points D_v ? E(\mathbb Q_v){D_v\in {\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb {Q}_v)} such that P = qD _v . Is it possible to conclude that there exists a point D ? E(\mathbb Q){D\in {\mathcal{E}}(\mathbb {Q})} such that P = qD? A full answer to this question is known when q is a power of almost all primes p ? \mathbbN{p\in \mathbb{N}} , but some cases remain open when p ? S={2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,37,43,67,163}{p\in S=\{2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,37,43,67,163\}} . We now give a complete answer in the case when q = 4.     

Maximal Chains in Positive Subfamilies of P(ω)

A family P ì [w]^w{\mathcal P} \subset [\omega]^\omega is called positive iff it is the union of some infinite upper set in the Boolean algebra P(ω)/Fin. For example, if I ì P(w){\mathcal I} \subset P(\omega) is an ideal containing the ideal Fin of finite subsets of ω, then P(w) \IP(\omega) \setminus {\mathcal I} is a positive family and the set Dense(\mathbb Q)\mbox{Dense}({\mathbb Q}) of dense subsets of the rational line is a positive family which is not the complement of some ideal on P(\mathbb Q)P({\mathbb Q}). We prove that, for a positive family P{\mathcal P}, the order types of maximal chains in the complete lattice áP è{?}, ì ?\langle {\mathcal P} \cup \{\emptyset\}, \subset \rangle are exactly the order types of compact nowhere dense subsets of the real line having the minimum non-isolated. Also we compare this result with the corresponding results concerning maximal chains in the Boolean algebras P(ω) and Intalg[0,1)_{\mathbb R}\mbox{Intalg}[0,1)_{{\mathbb R}} and the poset E(\mathbb Q)E({\mathbb Q}), where E(\mathbb Q)E({\mathbb Q}) is the set of elementary submodels of the rational line.     

Two-dimensional complex tori with multiplication by $\sqrt {d}$

We give an elementary argument for the well known fact that the endomorphism algebra End(A)?\Bbb Q {\rm {End}}(A)\otimes {\Bbb Q } of a simple complex abelian surface A can neither be an imaginary quadratic field nor a definite quaternion algebra. Another consequence of our argument is that a two-dimensional complex torus T with \Bbb Q (?d)\hookrightarrow End_{\Bbb Q} (T){\Bbb Q }(\sqrt {d})\hookrightarrow {\rm{End_{{\Bbb Q }}}}(T) where \Bbb Q (?d){\Bbb Q }(\sqrt {d}) is real quadratic, is algebraic.     

Quaternary universal forms over \mathbf{Q}(\sqrt{13})

Let be a real quadratic field over Q with m a square-free positive rational integer and be the integer ring in F. A totally positive definite integral n-ary quadratic form f=f(x ₁,…,x _n )=∑_1≤i,j≤n α _ij x _i x _j ( ) is called universal if f represents all totally positive integers in . Chan, Kim and Raghavan proved that ternary universal forms over F exist if and only if m=2,3,5 and determined all such forms. There exists no ternary universal form over real quadratic fields whose discriminants are greater than 12. In this paper we prove that there are only two quaternary universal forms (up to equivalence) over . For the proof of universality we apply the theory of quadratic lattices.      

On Energy, Discrepancy and Group Invariant Measures on Measurable Subsets of Euclidean Space

Given $\mathcal{X}Given X\mathcal{X}, some measurable subset of Euclidean space, one sometimes wants to construct a finite set of points, P ì X\mathcal{P}\subset\mathcal {X}, called a design, with a small energy or discrepancy. Here it is shown that these two measures of design quality are equivalent when they are defined via positive definite kernels K:X²(=X×X)?\mathbbRK:\mathcal{X}^{2}(=\mathcal{X}\times\mathcal {X})\to\mathbb{R}. The error of approximating the integral ò_Xf(x) dm(x)\int_{\mathcal{X}}f(\boldsymbol{x})\,\mathrm{d}\mu(\boldsymbol{x}) by the sample average of f over P\mathcal{P} has a tight upper bound in terms of the energy or discrepancy of P\mathcal{P}. The tightness of this error bound follows by requiring f to lie in the Hilbert space with reproducing kernel K. The theory presented here provides an interpretation of the best design for numerical integration as one with minimum energy, provided that the measure μ defining the integration problem is the equilibrium measure or charge distribution corresponding to the energy kernel, K.     

Viability for nonlinear multi-valued reaction–diffusion systems

In this paper we consider a nonlinear evolution reaction–diffusion system governed by multi-valued perturbations of m-dissipative operators, generators of nonlinear semigroups of contractions. Let X and Y be real Banach spaces, ${\mathcal{K}}In this paper we consider a nonlinear evolution reaction–diffusion system governed by multi-valued perturbations of m-dissipative operators, generators of nonlinear semigroups of contractions. Let X and Y be real Banach spaces, K{\mathcal{K}} be a nonempty and locally closed subset in \mathbbR ×X×Y, A:D(A) í X\rightsquigarrow X, B:D(B) í Y\rightsquigarrow Y{\mathbb{R} \times X\times Y,\, A:D(A)\subseteq X\rightsquigarrow X, B:D(B)\subseteq Y\rightsquigarrow Y} two m-dissipative operators, F:K ? X{F:\mathcal{K} \rightarrow X} a continuous function and G:K \rightsquigarrow Y{G:\mathcal{K} \rightsquigarrow Y} a nonempty, convex and closed valued, strongly-weakly upper semi-continuous (u.s.c.) multi-function. We prove a necessary and a sufficient condition in order that for each (t,x,h) ? K{(\tau,\xi,\eta)\in \mathcal{K}}, the next system

{ lc u￠(t) ? Au(t)+F(t,u(t),v(t))    t 3 tv￠(t) ? Bv(t)+G(t,u(t),v(t))    t 3 tu(t)=x,    v(t)=h, \left\{ \begin{array}{lc} u'(t)\in Au(t)+F(t,u(t),v(t))\quad t\geq\tau \\ v'(t)\in Bv(t)+G(t,u(t),v(t))\quad t\geq\tau \\ u(\tau)=\xi,\quad v(\tau)=\eta, \end{array} \right.      7. When is the Uvarov transformation positive definite?      Matthias Humet  Marc Van Barel 《Numerical Algorithms》2012,59(1):51-62 Let L\cal{L} be a positive definite bilinear functional, then the Uvarov transformation of L\cal{L} is given by  U(p,q) = L(p,q) + m p(a)[`(q)](a-1) +[`(m)] p([`(a)]-1)\,\mathcal{U}(p,q) = \mathcal{L}(p,q) + m\,p(\alpha)\overline{q}(\alpha^{-1}) + \overline{m}\,p(\overline{\alpha}^{-1}) [`(q)]([`(a)])\overline{q}(\overline{\alpha}) where $|\alpha| > 1, m \in \mathbb{C}$|\alpha| > 1, m \in \mathbb{C}. In this paper we analyze conditions on m for U\cal{U} to be positive definite in the linear space of polynomials of degree less than or equal to n. In particular, we show that m has to lie inside a circle in the complex plane defined by α, n and the moments associated with L\cal{L}. We also give an upper bound for the radius of this circle that depends only on α and n. This and other conditions on m are visualized for some examples.      8. Solutions to Polynomial Generalized Bers–Vekua Equations in Clifford Analysis      Min Ku  Daoshun Wang  Lin Dong 《Complex Analysis and Operator Theory》2012,6(2):407-424 In this paper, we mainly study polynomial generalized Vekua-type equation _boxclose)w=0{p(\mathcal{D})w=0} and polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation p(D)w=0{p(\mathcal{\underline{D}})w=0} defined in W ì \mathbbRn+1{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}} where D{\mathcal{D}} and D{\mathcal{\underline{D}}} mean generalized Vekua-type operator and generalized Bers–Vekua operator, respectively. Using Clifford algebra, we obtain the Fischer-type decomposition theorems for the solutions to these equations including (D-l)kw=0,(D-l)kw=0(k ? \mathbbN){\left(\mathcal{D}-\lambda\right)^{k}w=0,\left(\mathcal {\underline{D}}-\lambda\right)^{k}w=0\left(k\in\mathbb{N}\right)} with complex parameter λ as special cases, which derive the Almansi-type decomposition theorems for iterated generalized Bers–Vekua equation and polynomial generalized Cauchy–Riemann equation defined in W ì \mathbbRn+1{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}. Making use of the decomposition theorems we give the solutions to polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation defined in W ì \mathbbRn+1{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}} under some conditions. Furthermore we discuss inhomogeneous polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation p(D)w=v{p(\mathcal{\underline{D}})w=v} defined in W ì \mathbbRn+1{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}, and develop the structure of the solutions to inhomogeneous polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation p(D)w=v{p(\mathcal{\underline{D}})w=v} defined in W ì \mathbbRn+1{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}.      9. Singular oscillatory integrals on {\mathbb{R}^n}      M. Papadimitrakis  I. R. Parissis 《Mathematische Zeitschrift》2010,266(1):169-179 Let ${\mathcal{P}_{d,n}}Let Pd,n{\mathcal{P}_{d,n}} denote the space of all real polynomials of degree at most d on \mathbbRn{\mathbb{R}^n} . We prove a new estimate for the logarithmic measure of the sublevel set of a polynomial P ? Pd,1{P\in \mathcal{P}_{d,1}} . Using this estimate, we prove that supP ? Pd,n| p.v.ò\mathbbRneiP(x)\fracW(x/|x|)|x|ndx| ￡ c log d (||W||L logL(Sn-1)+1),\mathop{\rm sup}\limits_ {P \in \mathcal{P}_{d,n}}\left| p.v.\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}{e^{iP(x)}}{\frac{\Omega(x/|x|)}{|x|^n}dx}\right | \leq c\,{\rm log}\,d\,(||\Omega||_L \log L(S^{n-1})+1),      10. A Clifford Algebra Realization of Supersymmetry and its Polyvector Extension in Clifford Spaces      Carlos Castro 《Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras》2011,21(4):661-675 It is shown explicitly how to construct a novel (to our knowledge) realization of the Poincaré superalgebra in 2D. These results can be extended to other dimensions and to (extended) superconformal and (anti) de Sitter superalgebras. There is a fundamental difference between the findings of this work with the other approaches to Supersymmetry (over the past four decades) using Grassmannian calculus and which is based on anti-commuting numbers. We provide an algebraic realization of the anticommutators and commutators of the 2D super-Poincaré algebra in terms of the generators of the tensor product Cl1,1(R) ?A{Cl_{1,1}(R) \otimes \mathcal{A}} of a two-dim Clifford algebra and an internal algebra A whose generators can be represented in terms of powers of a 3 × 3 matrix Q{\mathcal{Q}} , such that Q3 = 0{\mathcal{Q}^3 = 0} . Our realization differs from the standard realization of superalgebras in terms of differential operators in Superspace involving Grassmannian (anti-commuting) coordinates θ α and bosonic coordinates x μ . We conclude in the final section with an analysis of how to construct Polyvector-valued extensions of supersymmetry in Clifford Spaces involving spinor-tensorial supercharge generators Qam1m2?mn{{{\mathcal {Q}}_{{\alpha}}^{\mu_1\mu_2\ldots\mu_n}}} and momentum polyvectors Pm1m2?mn{P_{\mu_1\mu_2\ldots\mu_n}} . Clifford-Superspace is an extension of Clifford-space and whose symmetry transformations are generalized polyvector-valued supersymmetries.      11. Sub-Riemannian calculus and monotonicity of the perimeter for graphical strips      D. Danielli  N. Garofalo  D. M. Nhieu 《Mathematische Zeitschrift》2010,265(3):617-637 We consider the class of minimal surfaces given by the graphical strips ${{\mathcal S}}We consider the class of minimal surfaces given by the graphical strips S{{\mathcal S}} in the Heisenberg group \mathbb H1{{\mathbb {H}}^1} and we prove that for points p along the center of \mathbb H1{{\mathbb {H}}^1} the quantity \fracsH(S?B(p,r))rQ-1{\frac{\sigma_H(\mathcal S\cap B(p,r))}{r^{Q-1}}} is monotone increasing. Here, Q is the homogeneous dimension of \mathbb H1{{\mathbb {H}}^1} . We also prove that these minimal surfaces have maximum volume growth at infinity.      12. Nonsurjective epimorphisms in decomposable varieties      Arturo Magidin 《Algebra Universalis》2002,48(2):145-150 We characterize when a subgroup H of a group G is epimorphically embedded in G in a varietal product NQ \mathcal{NQ} , in terms of the epimorphisms in N \mathcal{N} and the laws of Q \mathcal{Q} . This reduces the characterization of nonsurjective epimorphisms to the indecomposable varieties. We also prove that the existence of an epimorphically embedded proper subgroup of a simple group in N \mathcal{N} implies the existence of a nonsurjective epimorphism in any varietal product NQ \mathcal{NQ} , provided that Q \mathcal{Q} is not the variety of all groups.      13. Spectral Concentration of Positive Functions on?Compact Groups      Gorjan Alagic  Alexander Russell 《Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications》2011,17(3):355-373 The problem of understanding the Fourier-analytic structure of the cone of positive functions on a group has a long history. In this article, we develop the first quantitative spectral concentration results for such functions over arbitrary compact groups. Specifically, we describe a family of finite, positive quadrature rules for the Fourier coefficients of band-limited functions on compact groups. We apply these quadrature rules to establish a spectral concentration result for positive functions: given appropriately nested band limits A ì B ì [^(G)]\mathcal {A}\subset \mathcal {B} \subset\widehat{G}, we prove a lower bound on the fraction of L 2-mass that any B\mathcal {B}-band-limited positive function has in A\mathcal {A}. Our bounds are explicit and depend only on elementary properties of A\mathcal {A} and B\mathcal {B}; they are the first such bounds that apply to arbitrary compact groups. They apply to finite groups as a special case, where the quadrature rule is given by the Fourier transform on the smallest quotient whose dual contains the Fourier support of the function.      14. All 4-Edge-Connected HHD-Free Graphs are {\mathbb{Z}_3}-Connected      Takuro Fukunaga 《Graphs and Combinatorics》2011,27(5):647-659 An undirected graph G = (V, E) is called \mathbbZ3{\mathbb{Z}_3}-connected if for all b: V ? \mathbbZ3{b: V \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_3} with ?v ? Vb(v)=0{\sum_{v \in V}b(v)=0}, an orientation D = (V, A) of G has a \mathbbZ3{\mathbb{Z}_3}-valued nowhere-zero flow f: A? \mathbbZ3-{0}{f: A\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_3-\{0\}} such that ?e ? d+(v)f(e)-?e ? d-(v)f(e)=b(v){\sum_{e \in \delta^+(v)}f(e)-\sum_{e \in \delta^-(v)}f(e)=b(v)} for all v ? V{v \in V}. We show that all 4-edge-connected HHD-free graphs are \mathbbZ3{\mathbb{Z}_3}-connected. This extends the result due to Lai (Graphs Comb 16:165–176, 2000), which proves the \mathbbZ3{\mathbb{Z}_3}-connectivity for 4-edge-connected chordal graphs.      15. Uniqueness of a solution to the problem of atmosphere dynamics      A. V. Gorshkov 《Journal of Mathematical Sciences》2010,167(3):340-357 We consider the model of atmosphere dynamics and prove the uniqueness of a solution in a bounded domain W ì \mathbbR3 \Omega \subset {\mathbb{R}^3} in the space V(Q) of weak solutions equipped with the finite norm || f ||V(Q)2 = \textvrai  supt ? [ 0,T ] || f ||L2( W)2 + || ?3f ||L2(Q)2. \left\| f \right\|_{V(Q)}^2 = \mathop {{\text{vrai}}\,{ \sup }}\limits_{t \in \left[ {0,T} \right]} \left\| f \right\|_{{L_2}\left( \Omega \right)}^2 + \left\| {{\nabla_3}f} \right\|_{{L_2}(Q)}^2.      16. Lipschitz Continuity Properties for p−Adic Semi-Algebraic and Subanalytic Functions      Raf Cluckers  Georges Comte  François Loeser 《Geometric And Functional Analysis》2010,20(1):68-87 We prove that a (globally) subanalytic function ${f : X \subset {\bf Q}^{n}_{p} \rightarrow {\bf Q}_{p}}We prove that a (globally) subanalytic function f : X ì Qnp ? Qp{f : X \subset {\bf Q}^{n}_{p} \rightarrow {\bf Q}_{p}} which is locally Lipschitz continuous with some constant C is piecewise (globally on each piece) Lipschitz continuous with possibly some other constant, where the pieces can be taken to be subanalytic. We also prove the analogous result for a subanalytic family of functions fy : Xy ì Qnp ? Qp{f_{y} : X_{y} \subset {\bf Q}^{n}_{p} \rightarrow {\bf Q}_{p}} depending on p−adic parameters. The statements also hold in a semi-algebraic set-up and also in a finite field extension of Q p . These results are p−adic analogues of results of K. Kurdyka over the real numbers. To encompass the total disconnectedness of p−adic fields, we need to introduce new methods adapted to the p−adic situation.      17. Idempotent and <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-potent quadratic functions: distribution of nonlinearity and co-dimension      Nurdagül Anbar  Wilfried Meidl  Alev Topuzoğlu 《Designs, Codes and Cryptography》2017,82(1-2):265-291 The Walsh transform \(\widehat{Q}\) of a quadratic function \(Q:{\mathbb F}_{p^n}\rightarrow {\mathbb F}_p\) satisfies \(|\widehat{Q}(b)| \in \{0,p^{\frac{n+s}{2}}\}\) for all \(b\in {\mathbb F}_{p^n}\), where \(0\le s\le n-1\) is an integer depending on Q. In this article, we study the following three classes of quadratic functions of wide interest. The class \(\mathcal {C}_1\) is defined for arbitrary n as \(\mathcal {C}_1 = \{Q(x) = \mathrm{Tr_n}(\sum _{i=1}^{\lfloor (n-1)/2\rfloor }a_ix^{2^i+1})\;:\; a_i \in {\mathbb F}_2\}\), and the larger class \(\mathcal {C}_2\) is defined for even n as \(\mathcal {C}_2 = \{Q(x) = \mathrm{Tr_n}(\sum _{i=1}^{(n/2)-1}a_ix^{2^i+1}) + \mathrm{Tr_{n/2}}(a_{n/2}x^{2^{n/2}+1}) \;:\; a_i \in {\mathbb F}_2\}\). For an odd prime p, the subclass \(\mathcal {D}\) of all p-ary quadratic functions is defined as \(\mathcal {D} = \{Q(x) = \mathrm{Tr_n}(\sum _{i=0}^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor }a_ix^{p^i+1})\;:\; a_i \in {\mathbb F}_p\}\). We determine the generating function for the distribution of the parameter s for \(\mathcal {C}_1, \mathcal {C}_2\) and \(\mathcal {D}\). As a consequence we completely describe the distribution of the nonlinearity for the rotation symmetric quadratic Boolean functions, and in the case \(p > 2\), the distribution of the co-dimension for the rotation symmetric quadratic p-ary functions, which have been attracting considerable attention recently. Our results also facilitate obtaining closed formulas for the number of such quadratic functions with prescribed s for small values of s, and hence extend earlier results on this topic. We also present the complete weight distribution of the subcodes of the second order Reed–Muller codes corresponding to \(\mathcal {C}_1\) and \(\mathcal {C}_2\) in terms of a generating function.      18. Three cubes in arithmetic progression over quadratic fields      Enrique González-Jiménez 《Archiv der Mathematik》2010,95(3):233-241 We study the problem of the existence of arithmetic progressions of three cubes over quadratic number fields ${{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})}}We study the problem of the existence of arithmetic progressions of three cubes over quadratic number fields \mathbbQ(?D){{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})}}, where D is a squarefree integer. For this purpose, we give a characterization in terms of \mathbbQ(?D){{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})}}-rational points on the elliptic curve E : y 2 = x 3 − 27. We compute the torsion subgroup of the Mordell–Weil group of this elliptic curve over \mathbbQ(?D){{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})}} and we give an explicit answer, in terms of D, to the finiteness of the free part of E(\mathbbQ(?D)){E({\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})})} for some cases. We translate this task to computing whether the rank of the quadratic D-twist of the modular curve X 0(36) is zero or not.      19. The Ground State and the Long-Time Evolution in the CMC Einstein Flow      Martin Reiris 《Annales Henri Poincare》2010,10(8):1559-1604 Let (g, K)(k) be a CMC (vacuum) Einstein flow over a compact three-manifold Σ with non-positive Yamabe invariant (Y(Σ)). As noted by Fischer and Moncrief, the reduced volume ${\mathcal{V}(k)=\left(\frac{-k}{3}\right)^{3}{\rm Vol}_{g(k)}(\Sigma)}Let (g, K)(k) be a CMC (vacuum) Einstein flow over a compact three-manifold Σ with non-positive Yamabe invariant (Y(Σ)). As noted by Fischer and Moncrief, the reduced volume V(k)=(\frac-k3)3Volg(k)(S){\mathcal{V}(k)=\left(\frac{-k}{3}\right)^{3}{\rm Vol}_{g(k)}(\Sigma)} is monotonically decreasing in the expanding direction and bounded below by Vinf=(\frac-16Y(S))\frac32{\mathcal{V}_{\rm \inf}=\left(\frac{-1}{6}Y(\Sigma)\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}}. Inspired by this fact we define the ground state of the manifold Σ as “the limit” of any sequence of CMC states {(g i , K i )} satisfying: (i) k i  = −3, (ii) Viˉ Vinf{\mathcal{V}_{i}\downarrow \mathcal{V}_{\rm inf}}, (iii) Q 0((g i , K i )) ≤ Λ, where Q 0 is the Bel–Robinson energy and Λ is any arbitrary positive constant. We prove that (as a geometric state) the ground state is equivalent to the Thurston geometrization of Σ. Ground states classify naturally into three types. We provide examples for each class, including a new ground state (the Double Cusp) that we analyze in detail. Finally, consider a long time and cosmologically normalized flow ([(g)\tilde],[(K)\tilde])(s)=((\frac-k3)2g,(\frac-k3)K){(\tilde{g},\tilde{K})(\sigma)=\left(\left(\frac{-k}{3}\right)^{2}g,\left(\frac{-k}{3}\right)K\right)}, where s = -ln(-k) ? [a,￥){\sigma=-\ln (-k)\in [a,\infty)}. We prove that if [(E1)\tilde]=E1(([(g)\tilde],[(K)\tilde])) ￡ L{\tilde{\mathcal{E}_{1}}=\mathcal{E}_{1}((\tilde{g},\tilde{K}))\leq \Lambda} (where E1=Q0+Q1{\mathcal{E}_{1}=Q_{0}+Q_{1}}, is the sum of the zero and first order Bel–Robinson energies) the flow ([(g)\tilde],[(K)\tilde])(s){(\tilde{g},\tilde{K})(\sigma)} persistently geometrizes the three-manifold Σ and the geometrization is the ground state if Vˉ Vinf{\mathcal{V}\downarrow \mathcal{V}_{\rm inf}}.      20. Mass equidistribution of Hilbert modular eigenforms      Paul D. Nelson 《The Ramanujan Journal》2012,27(2):235-284 Let \mathbbF\mathbb{F} be a totally real number field, and let f traverse a sequence of non-dihedral holomorphic eigencuspforms on \operatornameGL2/\mathbbF\operatorname{GL}_{2}/\mathbb{F} of weight (k1,?,k[\mathbbF:\mathbbQ])(k_{1},\ldots,k_{[\mathbb{F}:\mathbb{Q}]}), trivial central character and full level. We show that the mass of f equidistributes on the Hilbert modular variety as max(k1,?,k[\mathbbF:\mathbbQ]) ? ￥\max(k_{1},\ldots,k_{[\mathbb{F}:\mathbb{Q}]}) \rightarrow \infty.      设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏 Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号

When is the Uvarov transformation positive definite?

Let L\cal{L} be a positive definite bilinear functional, then the Uvarov transformation of L\cal{L} is given by  U(p,q) = L(p,q) + m p(a)[`(q)](a<sup>-1</sup>) +[`(m)] p([`(a)]<sup>-1</sup>)\,\mathcal{U}(p,q) = \mathcal{L}(p,q) + m\,p(\alpha)\overline{q}(\alpha^{-1}) + \overline{m}\,p(\overline{\alpha}^{-1}) [`(q)]([`(a)])\overline{q}(\overline{\alpha}) where $|\alpha| > 1, m \in \mathbb{C}$|\alpha| > 1, m \in \mathbb{C}. In this paper we analyze conditions on m for U\cal{U} to be positive definite in the linear space of polynomials of degree less than or equal to n. In particular, we show that m has to lie inside a circle in the complex plane defined by α, n and the moments associated with L\cal{L}. We also give an upper bound for the radius of this circle that depends only on α and n. This and other conditions on m are visualized for some examples.     

Solutions to Polynomial Generalized Bers–Vekua Equations in Clifford Analysis

In this paper, we mainly study polynomial generalized Vekua-type equation _boxclose)w=0{p(\mathcal{D})w=0} and polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation p(D)w=0{p(\mathcal{\underline{D}})w=0} defined in W ì \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}} where D{\mathcal{D}} and D{\mathcal{\underline{D}}} mean generalized Vekua-type operator and generalized Bers–Vekua operator, respectively. Using Clifford algebra, we obtain the Fischer-type decomposition theorems for the solutions to these equations including (D-l)^kw=0,(D-l)^kw=0(k ? \mathbbN){\left(\mathcal{D}-\lambda\right)^{k}w=0,\left(\mathcal {\underline{D}}-\lambda\right)^{k}w=0\left(k\in\mathbb{N}\right)} with complex parameter λ as special cases, which derive the Almansi-type decomposition theorems for iterated generalized Bers–Vekua equation and polynomial generalized Cauchy–Riemann equation defined in W ì \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}. Making use of the decomposition theorems we give the solutions to polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation defined in W ì \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}} under some conditions. Furthermore we discuss inhomogeneous polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation p(D)w=v{p(\mathcal{\underline{D}})w=v} defined in W ì \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}, and develop the structure of the solutions to inhomogeneous polynomial generalized Bers–Vekua equation p(D)w=v{p(\mathcal{\underline{D}})w=v} defined in W ì \mathbbRⁿ⁺¹{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{n+1}}.     

Singular oscillatory integrals on {\mathbb{R}^n}

Let ${\mathcal{P}_{d,n}}Let P_d,n{\mathcal{P}_{d,n}} denote the space of all real polynomials of degree at most d on \mathbbRⁿ{\mathbb{R}^n} . We prove a new estimate for the logarithmic measure of the sublevel set of a polynomial P ? P_d,1{P\in \mathcal{P}_{d,1}} . Using this estimate, we prove that

supP ? Pd,n| p.v.ò\mathbbRneiP(x)\fracW(x/|x|)|x|ndx| ￡ c log d (||W||L logL(Sn-1)+1),\mathop{\rm sup}\limits_ {P \in \mathcal{P}_{d,n}}\left| p.v.\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}}{e^{iP(x)}}{\frac{\Omega(x/|x|)}{|x|^n}dx}\right | \leq c\,{\rm log}\,d\,(||\Omega||_L \log L(S^{n-1})+1),      10. A Clifford Algebra Realization of Supersymmetry and its Polyvector Extension in Clifford Spaces      Carlos Castro 《Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras》2011,21(4):661-675 It is shown explicitly how to construct a novel (to our knowledge) realization of the Poincaré superalgebra in 2D. These results can be extended to other dimensions and to (extended) superconformal and (anti) de Sitter superalgebras. There is a fundamental difference between the findings of this work with the other approaches to Supersymmetry (over the past four decades) using Grassmannian calculus and which is based on anti-commuting numbers. We provide an algebraic realization of the anticommutators and commutators of the 2D super-Poincaré algebra in terms of the generators of the tensor product Cl1,1(R) ?A{Cl_{1,1}(R) \otimes \mathcal{A}} of a two-dim Clifford algebra and an internal algebra A whose generators can be represented in terms of powers of a 3 × 3 matrix Q{\mathcal{Q}} , such that Q3 = 0{\mathcal{Q}^3 = 0} . Our realization differs from the standard realization of superalgebras in terms of differential operators in Superspace involving Grassmannian (anti-commuting) coordinates θ α and bosonic coordinates x μ . We conclude in the final section with an analysis of how to construct Polyvector-valued extensions of supersymmetry in Clifford Spaces involving spinor-tensorial supercharge generators Qam1m2?mn{{{\mathcal {Q}}_{{\alpha}}^{\mu_1\mu_2\ldots\mu_n}}} and momentum polyvectors Pm1m2?mn{P_{\mu_1\mu_2\ldots\mu_n}} . Clifford-Superspace is an extension of Clifford-space and whose symmetry transformations are generalized polyvector-valued supersymmetries.      11. Sub-Riemannian calculus and monotonicity of the perimeter for graphical strips      D. Danielli  N. Garofalo  D. M. Nhieu 《Mathematische Zeitschrift》2010,265(3):617-637 We consider the class of minimal surfaces given by the graphical strips ${{\mathcal S}}We consider the class of minimal surfaces given by the graphical strips S{{\mathcal S}} in the Heisenberg group \mathbb H1{{\mathbb {H}}^1} and we prove that for points p along the center of \mathbb H1{{\mathbb {H}}^1} the quantity \fracsH(S?B(p,r))rQ-1{\frac{\sigma_H(\mathcal S\cap B(p,r))}{r^{Q-1}}} is monotone increasing. Here, Q is the homogeneous dimension of \mathbb H1{{\mathbb {H}}^1} . We also prove that these minimal surfaces have maximum volume growth at infinity.      12. Nonsurjective epimorphisms in decomposable varieties      Arturo Magidin 《Algebra Universalis》2002,48(2):145-150 We characterize when a subgroup H of a group G is epimorphically embedded in G in a varietal product NQ \mathcal{NQ} , in terms of the epimorphisms in N \mathcal{N} and the laws of Q \mathcal{Q} . This reduces the characterization of nonsurjective epimorphisms to the indecomposable varieties. We also prove that the existence of an epimorphically embedded proper subgroup of a simple group in N \mathcal{N} implies the existence of a nonsurjective epimorphism in any varietal product NQ \mathcal{NQ} , provided that Q \mathcal{Q} is not the variety of all groups.      13. Spectral Concentration of Positive Functions on?Compact Groups      Gorjan Alagic  Alexander Russell 《Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications》2011,17(3):355-373 The problem of understanding the Fourier-analytic structure of the cone of positive functions on a group has a long history. In this article, we develop the first quantitative spectral concentration results for such functions over arbitrary compact groups. Specifically, we describe a family of finite, positive quadrature rules for the Fourier coefficients of band-limited functions on compact groups. We apply these quadrature rules to establish a spectral concentration result for positive functions: given appropriately nested band limits A ì B ì [^(G)]\mathcal {A}\subset \mathcal {B} \subset\widehat{G}, we prove a lower bound on the fraction of L 2-mass that any B\mathcal {B}-band-limited positive function has in A\mathcal {A}. Our bounds are explicit and depend only on elementary properties of A\mathcal {A} and B\mathcal {B}; they are the first such bounds that apply to arbitrary compact groups. They apply to finite groups as a special case, where the quadrature rule is given by the Fourier transform on the smallest quotient whose dual contains the Fourier support of the function.      14. All 4-Edge-Connected HHD-Free Graphs are {\mathbb{Z}_3}-Connected      Takuro Fukunaga 《Graphs and Combinatorics》2011,27(5):647-659 An undirected graph G = (V, E) is called \mathbbZ3{\mathbb{Z}_3}-connected if for all b: V ? \mathbbZ3{b: V \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_3} with ?v ? Vb(v)=0{\sum_{v \in V}b(v)=0}, an orientation D = (V, A) of G has a \mathbbZ3{\mathbb{Z}_3}-valued nowhere-zero flow f: A? \mathbbZ3-{0}{f: A\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_3-\{0\}} such that ?e ? d+(v)f(e)-?e ? d-(v)f(e)=b(v){\sum_{e \in \delta^+(v)}f(e)-\sum_{e \in \delta^-(v)}f(e)=b(v)} for all v ? V{v \in V}. We show that all 4-edge-connected HHD-free graphs are \mathbbZ3{\mathbb{Z}_3}-connected. This extends the result due to Lai (Graphs Comb 16:165–176, 2000), which proves the \mathbbZ3{\mathbb{Z}_3}-connectivity for 4-edge-connected chordal graphs.      15. Uniqueness of a solution to the problem of atmosphere dynamics      A. V. Gorshkov 《Journal of Mathematical Sciences》2010,167(3):340-357 We consider the model of atmosphere dynamics and prove the uniqueness of a solution in a bounded domain W ì \mathbbR3 \Omega \subset {\mathbb{R}^3} in the space V(Q) of weak solutions equipped with the finite norm || f ||V(Q)2 = \textvrai  supt ? [ 0,T ] || f ||L2( W)2 + || ?3f ||L2(Q)2. \left\| f \right\|_{V(Q)}^2 = \mathop {{\text{vrai}}\,{ \sup }}\limits_{t \in \left[ {0,T} \right]} \left\| f \right\|_{{L_2}\left( \Omega \right)}^2 + \left\| {{\nabla_3}f} \right\|_{{L_2}(Q)}^2.      16. Lipschitz Continuity Properties for p−Adic Semi-Algebraic and Subanalytic Functions      Raf Cluckers  Georges Comte  François Loeser 《Geometric And Functional Analysis》2010,20(1):68-87 We prove that a (globally) subanalytic function ${f : X \subset {\bf Q}^{n}_{p} \rightarrow {\bf Q}_{p}}We prove that a (globally) subanalytic function f : X ì Qnp ? Qp{f : X \subset {\bf Q}^{n}_{p} \rightarrow {\bf Q}_{p}} which is locally Lipschitz continuous with some constant C is piecewise (globally on each piece) Lipschitz continuous with possibly some other constant, where the pieces can be taken to be subanalytic. We also prove the analogous result for a subanalytic family of functions fy : Xy ì Qnp ? Qp{f_{y} : X_{y} \subset {\bf Q}^{n}_{p} \rightarrow {\bf Q}_{p}} depending on p−adic parameters. The statements also hold in a semi-algebraic set-up and also in a finite field extension of Q p . These results are p−adic analogues of results of K. Kurdyka over the real numbers. To encompass the total disconnectedness of p−adic fields, we need to introduce new methods adapted to the p−adic situation.      17. Idempotent and <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-potent quadratic functions: distribution of nonlinearity and co-dimension      Nurdagül Anbar  Wilfried Meidl  Alev Topuzoğlu 《Designs, Codes and Cryptography》2017,82(1-2):265-291 The Walsh transform \(\widehat{Q}\) of a quadratic function \(Q:{\mathbb F}_{p^n}\rightarrow {\mathbb F}_p\) satisfies \(|\widehat{Q}(b)| \in \{0,p^{\frac{n+s}{2}}\}\) for all \(b\in {\mathbb F}_{p^n}\), where \(0\le s\le n-1\) is an integer depending on Q. In this article, we study the following three classes of quadratic functions of wide interest. The class \(\mathcal {C}_1\) is defined for arbitrary n as \(\mathcal {C}_1 = \{Q(x) = \mathrm{Tr_n}(\sum _{i=1}^{\lfloor (n-1)/2\rfloor }a_ix^{2^i+1})\;:\; a_i \in {\mathbb F}_2\}\), and the larger class \(\mathcal {C}_2\) is defined for even n as \(\mathcal {C}_2 = \{Q(x) = \mathrm{Tr_n}(\sum _{i=1}^{(n/2)-1}a_ix^{2^i+1}) + \mathrm{Tr_{n/2}}(a_{n/2}x^{2^{n/2}+1}) \;:\; a_i \in {\mathbb F}_2\}\). For an odd prime p, the subclass \(\mathcal {D}\) of all p-ary quadratic functions is defined as \(\mathcal {D} = \{Q(x) = \mathrm{Tr_n}(\sum _{i=0}^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor }a_ix^{p^i+1})\;:\; a_i \in {\mathbb F}_p\}\). We determine the generating function for the distribution of the parameter s for \(\mathcal {C}_1, \mathcal {C}_2\) and \(\mathcal {D}\). As a consequence we completely describe the distribution of the nonlinearity for the rotation symmetric quadratic Boolean functions, and in the case \(p > 2\), the distribution of the co-dimension for the rotation symmetric quadratic p-ary functions, which have been attracting considerable attention recently. Our results also facilitate obtaining closed formulas for the number of such quadratic functions with prescribed s for small values of s, and hence extend earlier results on this topic. We also present the complete weight distribution of the subcodes of the second order Reed–Muller codes corresponding to \(\mathcal {C}_1\) and \(\mathcal {C}_2\) in terms of a generating function.      18. Three cubes in arithmetic progression over quadratic fields      Enrique González-Jiménez 《Archiv der Mathematik》2010,95(3):233-241 We study the problem of the existence of arithmetic progressions of three cubes over quadratic number fields ${{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})}}We study the problem of the existence of arithmetic progressions of three cubes over quadratic number fields \mathbbQ(?D){{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})}}, where D is a squarefree integer. For this purpose, we give a characterization in terms of \mathbbQ(?D){{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})}}-rational points on the elliptic curve E : y 2 = x 3 − 27. We compute the torsion subgroup of the Mordell–Weil group of this elliptic curve over \mathbbQ(?D){{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})}} and we give an explicit answer, in terms of D, to the finiteness of the free part of E(\mathbbQ(?D)){E({\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})})} for some cases. We translate this task to computing whether the rank of the quadratic D-twist of the modular curve X 0(36) is zero or not.      19. The Ground State and the Long-Time Evolution in the CMC Einstein Flow      Martin Reiris 《Annales Henri Poincare》2010,10(8):1559-1604 Let (g, K)(k) be a CMC (vacuum) Einstein flow over a compact three-manifold Σ with non-positive Yamabe invariant (Y(Σ)). As noted by Fischer and Moncrief, the reduced volume ${\mathcal{V}(k)=\left(\frac{-k}{3}\right)^{3}{\rm Vol}_{g(k)}(\Sigma)}Let (g, K)(k) be a CMC (vacuum) Einstein flow over a compact three-manifold Σ with non-positive Yamabe invariant (Y(Σ)). As noted by Fischer and Moncrief, the reduced volume V(k)=(\frac-k3)3Volg(k)(S){\mathcal{V}(k)=\left(\frac{-k}{3}\right)^{3}{\rm Vol}_{g(k)}(\Sigma)} is monotonically decreasing in the expanding direction and bounded below by Vinf=(\frac-16Y(S))\frac32{\mathcal{V}_{\rm \inf}=\left(\frac{-1}{6}Y(\Sigma)\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}}. Inspired by this fact we define the ground state of the manifold Σ as “the limit” of any sequence of CMC states {(g i , K i )} satisfying: (i) k i  = −3, (ii) Viˉ Vinf{\mathcal{V}_{i}\downarrow \mathcal{V}_{\rm inf}}, (iii) Q 0((g i , K i )) ≤ Λ, where Q 0 is the Bel–Robinson energy and Λ is any arbitrary positive constant. We prove that (as a geometric state) the ground state is equivalent to the Thurston geometrization of Σ. Ground states classify naturally into three types. We provide examples for each class, including a new ground state (the Double Cusp) that we analyze in detail. Finally, consider a long time and cosmologically normalized flow ([(g)\tilde],[(K)\tilde])(s)=((\frac-k3)2g,(\frac-k3)K){(\tilde{g},\tilde{K})(\sigma)=\left(\left(\frac{-k}{3}\right)^{2}g,\left(\frac{-k}{3}\right)K\right)}, where s = -ln(-k) ? [a,￥){\sigma=-\ln (-k)\in [a,\infty)}. We prove that if [(E1)\tilde]=E1(([(g)\tilde],[(K)\tilde])) ￡ L{\tilde{\mathcal{E}_{1}}=\mathcal{E}_{1}((\tilde{g},\tilde{K}))\leq \Lambda} (where E1=Q0+Q1{\mathcal{E}_{1}=Q_{0}+Q_{1}}, is the sum of the zero and first order Bel–Robinson energies) the flow ([(g)\tilde],[(K)\tilde])(s){(\tilde{g},\tilde{K})(\sigma)} persistently geometrizes the three-manifold Σ and the geometrization is the ground state if Vˉ Vinf{\mathcal{V}\downarrow \mathcal{V}_{\rm inf}}.      20. Mass equidistribution of Hilbert modular eigenforms      Paul D. Nelson 《The Ramanujan Journal》2012,27(2):235-284 Let \mathbbF\mathbb{F} be a totally real number field, and let f traverse a sequence of non-dihedral holomorphic eigencuspforms on \operatornameGL2/\mathbbF\operatorname{GL}_{2}/\mathbb{F} of weight (k1,?,k[\mathbbF:\mathbbQ])(k_{1},\ldots,k_{[\mathbb{F}:\mathbb{Q}]}), trivial central character and full level. We show that the mass of f equidistributes on the Hilbert modular variety as max(k1,?,k[\mathbbF:\mathbbQ]) ? ￥\max(k_{1},\ldots,k_{[\mathbb{F}:\mathbb{Q}]}) \rightarrow \infty.

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A Clifford Algebra Realization of Supersymmetry and its Polyvector Extension in Clifford Spaces

It is shown explicitly how to construct a novel (to our knowledge) realization of the Poincaré superalgebra in 2D. These results can be extended to other dimensions and to (extended) superconformal and (anti) de Sitter superalgebras. There is a fundamental difference between the findings of this work with the other approaches to Supersymmetry (over the past four decades) using Grassmannian calculus and which is based on anti-commuting numbers. We provide an algebraic realization of the anticommutators and commutators of the 2D super-Poincaré algebra in terms of the generators of the tensor product Cl_1,1(R) ?A{Cl_{1,1}(R) \otimes \mathcal{A}} of a two-dim Clifford algebra and an internal algebra A whose generators can be represented in terms of powers of a 3 × 3 matrix Q{\mathcal{Q}} , such that Q³ = 0{\mathcal{Q}^3 = 0} . Our realization differs from the standard realization of superalgebras in terms of differential operators in Superspace involving Grassmannian (anti-commuting) coordinates θ ^α and bosonic coordinates x ^μ . We conclude in the final section with an analysis of how to construct Polyvector-valued extensions of supersymmetry in Clifford Spaces involving spinor-tensorial supercharge generators Q_a^m₁m₂?m_n{{{\mathcal {Q}}_{{\alpha}}^{\mu_1\mu_2\ldots\mu_n}}} and momentum polyvectors P_m1m2?mn{P_{\mu_1\mu_2\ldots\mu_n}} . Clifford-Superspace is an extension of Clifford-space and whose symmetry transformations are generalized polyvector-valued supersymmetries.     

Sub-Riemannian calculus and monotonicity of the perimeter for graphical strips

We consider the class of minimal surfaces given by the graphical strips ${{\mathcal S}}We consider the class of minimal surfaces given by the graphical strips S{{\mathcal S}} in the Heisenberg group \mathbb H¹{{\mathbb {H}}^1} and we prove that for points p along the center of \mathbb H¹{{\mathbb {H}}^1} the quantity \fracs_H(S?B(p,r))r^Q-1{\frac{\sigma_H(\mathcal S\cap B(p,r))}{r^{Q-1}}} is monotone increasing. Here, Q is the homogeneous dimension of \mathbb H¹{{\mathbb {H}}^1} . We also prove that these minimal surfaces have maximum volume growth at infinity.     

Nonsurjective epimorphisms in decomposable varieties

We characterize when a subgroup H of a group G is epimorphically embedded in G in a varietal product NQ \mathcal{NQ} , in terms of the epimorphisms in N \mathcal{N} and the laws of Q \mathcal{Q} . This reduces the characterization of nonsurjective epimorphisms to the indecomposable varieties. We also prove that the existence of an epimorphically embedded proper subgroup of a simple group in N \mathcal{N} implies the existence of a nonsurjective epimorphism in any varietal product NQ \mathcal{NQ} , provided that Q \mathcal{Q} is not the variety of all groups.     

Spectral Concentration of Positive Functions on?Compact Groups

The problem of understanding the Fourier-analytic structure of the cone of positive functions on a group has a long history. In this article, we develop the first quantitative spectral concentration results for such functions over arbitrary compact groups. Specifically, we describe a family of finite, positive quadrature rules for the Fourier coefficients of band-limited functions on compact groups. We apply these quadrature rules to establish a spectral concentration result for positive functions: given appropriately nested band limits A ì B ì [^(G)]\mathcal {A}\subset \mathcal {B} \subset\widehat{G}, we prove a lower bound on the fraction of L ²-mass that any B\mathcal {B}-band-limited positive function has in A\mathcal {A}. Our bounds are explicit and depend only on elementary properties of A\mathcal {A} and B\mathcal {B}; they are the first such bounds that apply to arbitrary compact groups. They apply to finite groups as a special case, where the quadrature rule is given by the Fourier transform on the smallest quotient whose dual contains the Fourier support of the function.     

All 4-Edge-Connected HHD-Free Graphs are {\mathbb{Z}_3}-Connected

An undirected graph G = (V, E) is called \mathbbZ₃{\mathbb{Z}_3}-connected if for all b: V ? \mathbbZ₃{b: V \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_3} with ?_{v ? V}b(v)=0{\sum_{v \in V}b(v)=0}, an orientation D = (V, A) of G has a \mathbbZ₃{\mathbb{Z}_3}-valued nowhere-zero flow f: A? \mathbbZ₃-{0}{f: A\rightarrow \mathbb{Z}_3-\{0\}} such that ?_{e ? d⁺(v)}f(e)-?_{e ? d^-(v)}f(e)=b(v){\sum_{e \in \delta^+(v)}f(e)-\sum_{e \in \delta^-(v)}f(e)=b(v)} for all v ? V{v \in V}. We show that all 4-edge-connected HHD-free graphs are \mathbbZ₃{\mathbb{Z}_3}-connected. This extends the result due to Lai (Graphs Comb 16:165–176, 2000), which proves the \mathbbZ₃{\mathbb{Z}_3}-connectivity for 4-edge-connected chordal graphs.     

Uniqueness of a solution to the problem of atmosphere dynamics

We consider the model of atmosphere dynamics and prove the uniqueness of a solution in a bounded domain W ì \mathbbR³ \Omega \subset {\mathbb{R}^3} in the space V(Q) of weak solutions equipped with the finite norm

Lipschitz Continuity Properties for p−Adic Semi-Algebraic and Subanalytic Functions

We prove that a (globally) subanalytic function ${f : X \subset {\bf Q}^{n}_{p} \rightarrow {\bf Q}_{p}}We prove that a (globally) subanalytic function f : X ì Qⁿ_p ? Q_p{f : X \subset {\bf Q}^{n}_{p} \rightarrow {\bf Q}_{p}} which is locally Lipschitz continuous with some constant C is piecewise (globally on each piece) Lipschitz continuous with possibly some other constant, where the pieces can be taken to be subanalytic. We also prove the analogous result for a subanalytic family of functions f_y : X_y ì Qⁿ_p ? Q_p{f_{y} : X_{y} \subset {\bf Q}^{n}_{p} \rightarrow {\bf Q}_{p}} depending on p−adic parameters. The statements also hold in a semi-algebraic set-up and also in a finite field extension of Q _p . These results are p−adic analogues of results of K. Kurdyka over the real numbers. To encompass the total disconnectedness of p−adic fields, we need to introduce new methods adapted to the p−adic situation.     

Idempotent and <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-potent quadratic functions: distribution of nonlinearity and co-dimension

The Walsh transform \(\widehat{Q}\) of a quadratic function \(Q:{\mathbb F}_{p^n}\rightarrow {\mathbb F}_p\) satisfies \(|\widehat{Q}(b)| \in \{0,p^{\frac{n+s}{2}}\}\) for all \(b\in {\mathbb F}_{p^n}\), where \(0\le s\le n-1\) is an integer depending on Q. In this article, we study the following three classes of quadratic functions of wide interest. The class \(\mathcal {C}_1\) is defined for arbitrary n as \(\mathcal {C}_1 = \{Q(x) = \mathrm{Tr_n}(\sum _{i=1}^{\lfloor (n-1)/2\rfloor }a_ix^{2^i+1})\;:\; a_i \in {\mathbb F}_2\}\), and the larger class \(\mathcal {C}_2\) is defined for even n as \(\mathcal {C}_2 = \{Q(x) = \mathrm{Tr_n}(\sum _{i=1}^{(n/2)-1}a_ix^{2^i+1}) + \mathrm{Tr_{n/2}}(a_{n/2}x^{2^{n/2}+1}) \;:\; a_i \in {\mathbb F}_2\}\). For an odd prime p, the subclass \(\mathcal {D}\) of all p-ary quadratic functions is defined as \(\mathcal {D} = \{Q(x) = \mathrm{Tr_n}(\sum _{i=0}^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor }a_ix^{p^i+1})\;:\; a_i \in {\mathbb F}_p\}\). We determine the generating function for the distribution of the parameter s for \(\mathcal {C}_1, \mathcal {C}_2\) and \(\mathcal {D}\). As a consequence we completely describe the distribution of the nonlinearity for the rotation symmetric quadratic Boolean functions, and in the case \(p > 2\), the distribution of the co-dimension for the rotation symmetric quadratic p-ary functions, which have been attracting considerable attention recently. Our results also facilitate obtaining closed formulas for the number of such quadratic functions with prescribed s for small values of s, and hence extend earlier results on this topic. We also present the complete weight distribution of the subcodes of the second order Reed–Muller codes corresponding to \(\mathcal {C}_1\) and \(\mathcal {C}_2\) in terms of a generating function.     

Three cubes in arithmetic progression over quadratic fields

We study the problem of the existence of arithmetic progressions of three cubes over quadratic number fields ${{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})}}We study the problem of the existence of arithmetic progressions of three cubes over quadratic number fields \mathbbQ(?D){{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})}}, where D is a squarefree integer. For this purpose, we give a characterization in terms of \mathbbQ(?D){{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})}}-rational points on the elliptic curve E : y ² = x ³ − 27. We compute the torsion subgroup of the Mordell–Weil group of this elliptic curve over \mathbbQ(?D){{\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})}} and we give an explicit answer, in terms of D, to the finiteness of the free part of E(\mathbbQ(?D)){E({\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})})} for some cases. We translate this task to computing whether the rank of the quadratic D-twist of the modular curve X ₀(36) is zero or not.     

The Ground State and the Long-Time Evolution in the CMC Einstein Flow

Let (g, K)(k) be a CMC (vacuum) Einstein flow over a compact three-manifold Σ with non-positive Yamabe invariant (Y(Σ)). As noted by Fischer and Moncrief, the reduced volume ${\mathcal{V}(k)=\left(\frac{-k}{3}\right)^{3}{\rm Vol}_{g(k)}(\Sigma)}Let (g, K)(k) be a CMC (vacuum) Einstein flow over a compact three-manifold Σ with non-positive Yamabe invariant (Y(Σ)). As noted by Fischer and Moncrief, the reduced volume V(k)=(\frac-k3)³Vol_g(k)(S){\mathcal{V}(k)=\left(\frac{-k}{3}\right)^{3}{\rm Vol}_{g(k)}(\Sigma)} is monotonically decreasing in the expanding direction and bounded below by V_inf=(\frac-16Y(S))^\frac32{\mathcal{V}_{\rm \inf}=\left(\frac{-1}{6}Y(\Sigma)\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}}. Inspired by this fact we define the ground state of the manifold Σ as “the limit” of any sequence of CMC states {(g _i , K _i )} satisfying: (i) k _i  = −3, (ii) V_iˉ V_inf{\mathcal{V}_{i}\downarrow \mathcal{V}_{\rm inf}}, (iii) Q ₀((g _i , K _i )) ≤ Λ, where Q ₀ is the Bel–Robinson energy and Λ is any arbitrary positive constant. We prove that (as a geometric state) the ground state is equivalent to the Thurston geometrization of Σ. Ground states classify naturally into three types. We provide examples for each class, including a new ground state (the Double Cusp) that we analyze in detail. Finally, consider a long time and cosmologically normalized flow ([(g)\tilde],[(K)\tilde])(s)=((\frac-k3)²g,(\frac-k3)K){(\tilde{g},\tilde{K})(\sigma)=\left(\left(\frac{-k}{3}\right)^{2}g,\left(\frac{-k}{3}\right)K\right)}, where s = -ln(-k) ? [a,￥){\sigma=-\ln (-k)\in [a,\infty)}. We prove that if [(E₁)\tilde]=E₁(([(g)\tilde],[(K)\tilde])) ￡ L{\tilde{\mathcal{E}_{1}}=\mathcal{E}_{1}((\tilde{g},\tilde{K}))\leq \Lambda} (where E₁=Q₀+Q₁{\mathcal{E}_{1}=Q_{0}+Q_{1}}, is the sum of the zero and first order Bel–Robinson energies) the flow ([(g)\tilde],[(K)\tilde])(s){(\tilde{g},\tilde{K})(\sigma)} persistently geometrizes the three-manifold Σ and the geometrization is the ground state if Vˉ V_inf{\mathcal{V}\downarrow \mathcal{V}_{\rm inf}}.     

Mass equidistribution of Hilbert modular eigenforms

Let \mathbbF\mathbb{F} be a totally real number field, and let f traverse a sequence of non-dihedral holomorphic eigencuspforms on \operatornameGL₂/\mathbbF\operatorname{GL}_{2}/\mathbb{F} of weight (k₁,?,k_{[\mathbbF:\mathbbQ]})(k_{1},\ldots,k_{[\mathbb{F}:\mathbb{Q}]}), trivial central character and full level. We show that the mass of f equidistributes on the Hilbert modular variety as max(k₁,?,k_{[\mathbbF:\mathbbQ]}) ? ￥\max(k_{1},\ldots,k_{[\mathbb{F}:\mathbb{Q}]}) \rightarrow \infty.