A novel fluoride ion colorimetric chemosensor based on coumarin

A novel visible colorimetric sensor (L1) with high selectivity for fluoride ion based on coumarin has been synthesized by a simple modification of our earlier report. The chemosensor L1 shows an obvious color change from yellow to blue upon addition of fluoride ion with a large red shift of 145 nm in acetonitrile, and without interference of other anions such as Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, H2PO4-, HSO4-, and AcO-. The investigation of 1H NMR spectrum titration indicates the proposed mechanism is that F- first establishes a hydrogen bonding interaction with L1, and then the formation of [F-H-F]- induces deprotonation.     

对苯二甲醛缩二氨基硫脲-钆配合物的合成及阴离子识别研究

合成了化合物(2E,2′E)-2,2′-(1,4-苯基双亚甲基双硫代氨基脲)(C10H12N6S2)(L),利用L与钆离子形成了配合物(GdL)。用UV-Vis吸收光谱考察其与F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、Ac-、NO3-、HSO4-和H2PO4-等阴离子的识别。研究表明,加入F-或H2PO4-时,溶液颜色由无色变为黄色,加入其它阴离子没有变化,从而实现受体对这两种阴离子的检测。Job法表明主客体间形成1∶1配合物。受体对两种离子的识别作用主要源于配合物多余的结合位点。在此基础上,以GdL的DMSO溶液作为起始状态,以F-和H2PO4-为两化学输入,构建了一个"或"(OR)分子逻辑门。     

Selective anion sensing based on tetra-amide calix[6]arene derivatives in solution and immobilized on gold surfaces via self-assembled monolayers

Two anion receptors, 1 and 2, based on the calix[6]crown-4 architecture were synthesized and characterized by NMR (1H, 13C, COSY), UV-vis, and MALDI-MS. 1H NMR measurements demonstrate that receptors 1 and 2 exhibit the highest binding affinity for fluoride ions compared to other anions including Cl-, Br-, NO3-, HSO4-, H2PO4-, and AcO-. The binding constants of 1 with F- and AcO- are 326 (+/-32) and 238 (+/-23) M-1, whereas those of 2 with F- and AcO- are 222 (+/-25) and 176 (+/-21) M-1. The fluorescent titration of 2 with various anions such as Cl-, Br-, NO3-, HSO4-, and H2PO4- led to essentially no change in excimer emission and a slight enhancement of monomer emission. In contrast, a dramatic change was observed in the fluorescence spectra upon the addition of F- and AcO- to 2. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 1 were formed on gold surfaces and characterized by reductive desorption and other techniques. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to monitor anion recognition by the SAM-modified gold electrodes. The gold electrodes modified by SAMs of 1, upon binding with the F- anion, exhibit a dramatic increase in charge-transfer resistance (Rct) values. This is due to the repulsion between the negatively charged electrode surfaces and the negatively charged Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) redox probe in the electrolyte solution. In contrast, smaller increases in Rct values were observed in the cases of other monovalent anions investigated.     

New chromogenic and fluorescent probes for anion detection: formation of a [2 + 2] supramolecular complex on addition of fluoride with positive homotropic cooperativity

Two new chromogenic and fluorescent probes for anions have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. These probes contain multiple hydrogen bonding donors including hydrazine, hydrazone, and hydroxyl functional groups for potential anion interacting sites. Despite the possible flexible structural framework due to the presence of sp3 carbon linkage, X-ray structure analysis of probe 2 displayed an essentially planar conformation in the solid state owing to strong crystal packing interactions comprising a combination of favorable pi-pi stacking effect and hydrogen bonding to cocrystallized CH3OH molecules. Both probes 1 and 2 display orange color in DMSO solution and show fairly weak fluorescence at room temperature. Binding studies revealed that both probes 1 and 2 show noticeable colorimetric and fluorescent responses only to F-, OAc-, and H2PO4- among the nine anions tested (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, OAc-, H2PO4-, HSO4-, ClO4-, and NO3-). The general trend of the sensitivity to anions follows the order of F- > OAc- > H2PO4- > Cl- > Br- approximately I- approximately HSO4- approximately ClO4- approximately NO3-. A 1:2 (probe to anion) binding stoichiometry was found for probe 1 with OAc- and H2PO4- and probe 2 with F-, OAc-, and H2PO4-. The binding isotherm of probe 1 to F- was found to be complicated with apparent multiple equilibria occurring in solution. The formation of an aggregated supramolecular complex upon addition of fluoride is proposed to rationalize the observed optical responses and is supported by ESI mass spectrometry and pulsed-field gradient NMR spectroscopy. Data analysis suggests that the binding of probe 1 to F- shows positive homotropic cooperativity.     

Interaction between biphenols and anions: selective receptor for dihydrogenphosphate

Biphenol was shown to bind dihydrogenphosphate (H2PO4-) selectively over various other anions (MeCO2-, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, HSO4-). The highly selectivity of biphenol toward dihydrogenphosphate is explained in terms of the basicity and shape of the guest anion.     

Benzimidazole-based tripodal receptor: highly selective fluorescent chemosensor for iodide in aqueous solution

We synthesized a novel tripodal fluorescent receptor bearing benzimidazole motifs as recognition sites in the pods of the receptor. The recognition behavior of the receptor toward various anions was evaluated in CH3CN/H2O (9:1, v/v) solution. The receptor showed changes in fluorescent intensity only with I-, but it showed no significant changes on addition of other anions such as F-, Cl-, Br-, HSO4-, NO3-, CH3COO-, and H2PO4-.     

一种用于测定F~-的比色和荧光增强型探针

本文利用F~-诱导Si-O键断裂原理,以亚胺香豆素为荧光母体,成功合成了一种比色和荧光增强型F~-探针。由于探针分子结构的自由度较大,探针分子在乙腈溶液中几乎没有荧光,但随着F~-的加入探针分子经历Si-O键断裂及成环反应,生成具有较大共轭结构的环化产物,其荧光光谱在452nm处呈现出显著的荧光峰(荧光增强46倍),溶液的最大吸收峰由315nm红移至410nm(红移95nm),溶液的颜色由无色变为黄色,适用于裸眼检测F~-。同时,相对于其他阴离子(Cl~-、Br~-、I~-、NO_3~-、HSO_4~-、ClO_4~-、Ac~-、H_2PO_4~-),探针分子表现出对F~-较高的选择性和专一性,为F~-浓度的监测提供了一种高效灵敏的分析方法。     

基于偶氮水杨醛酰腙的氰根比色检测探针的合成及性能

设计合成了一种基于酚羟基和氨基的酰腙类探针分子, 利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和核磁滴定考察了其对F^-, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, CH₃COO^-, H₂PO₄^-, HSO₄^-, ClO₄^-, CN^-, SCN^-, SO^2-₄和NO^-₃等阴离子的识别作用. 结果表明, 当加入CN^-离子时主体溶液颜色由无色变为黄色, 而加入其它离子时主体溶液颜色不变, 说明该探针在DMSO/H₂O(体积比5: 5)体系中能选择性裸眼比色检测CN^-. 核磁滴定及质谱数据表明, 该探针与CN^-以1:1化学计量比结合, 该过程通过亲核加成方式完成.     

离子色谱法测定农村饮用水中阴离子

采用离子色谱法测定农村饮用水中F-、Cl-、NO2-、Br-、NO3-和SO42-等6种阴离子的含量。水样经Ion Pac AG19保护柱及Ion Pac AS19分离柱分离,以20.00mmol·L-1氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液,采用抑制电导器检测。F-、NO2-和Br-在4mg·L-1以内,Cl-、NO3-和SO42-在40mg·L-1以内呈线性关系,检出限(2S/N)在0.002～0.012mg·L-1之间。方法用于水样中6种阴离子的测定,加标回收率在98.0%～101.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.83%～2.7%之间。     

Modeling Anion Adsorption on Kaolinite

Anion adsorption onto kaolinite was quantified using the triple layer surface complexation model. Fluoride adsorption data were described by both anion exchange and H-bonded complexation mechanisms. The outer-sphere complexation mechanism was used to describe the weak adsorption of Cl-, Br-, and I- on kaolinite. The F- adsorption in the presence of Br- or I- was decreased over a range of pH 4-5 whereas Cl- showed a negligible effect. Competition for binding sites appeared to be an important factor in determining the adsorptive behavior of F- in Br- or I- mediated systems. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.     

用基于苯并噻二唑衍生物的比率荧光化学传感器检测氟离子

研制了一种用于灵敏、快速地检测溶液中的氟离子的基于苯并噻二唑衍生物的荧光传感器.4,7-二溴-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑与三甲基硅基乙炔通过Sonogashira偶联反应得到二取代的三甲基硅基乙炔苯并噻二唑;将该化合物用于检测氟离子,分析了检测灵敏度和选择性.结果表明,在乙腈和水(V/V=9∶1)混合溶液中,合成的苯并噻二唑衍生物的最大发射波长峰值为455nm(激发波长为376nm);就所测试的F-,Cl-,Br-,I-,ClO4-,AcO-,NO3-,H2PO3-,CN-和HSO4-等阴离子而言,仅F-可以脱除三甲基硅保护基使得该化合物荧光最大发射波长蓝移至435nm,荧光强度降低60%,且最低检测限可达4.5×10-8 mol/L.因此,二取代的三甲基硅基乙炔苯并噻二唑应用于氟离子检测具有很好的灵敏度和选择性.     

含水溶液中香豆素类探针对碘离子的荧光增强识别

设计合成了新型含硫代半卡巴肼结构的香豆素类I-荧光分子探针CI,其结构用1H NMR,13C NMR,GC/MS和元素分析进行了表征,并考察了其光谱性能.结果表明CI在中性缓冲溶液中,在常见阴离子(F-,Cl-,Br-,I-,AcO-,HSO-4,H2PO-4)中能够专一性地识别I-.滴加I-后引起吸收光谱蓝移80 nm,荧光光谱蓝移6 nm,荧光增强5.9倍,溶液荧光由黄绿色变为亮蓝色.其它阴离子的存在并未干扰CI对I-的检测.     

3.3]Ferrocenophanes with guanidine bridging units as multisignalling receptor molecules for selective recognition of anions, cations, and amino acids

The synthesis, electrochemical, and optical properties of a new [3.3]ferrocenophane framework in which two ferrocene subunits, with similar electronic environments, are linked through two substituted guanidine moieties, are reported. The receptors 4-7 have been prepared in good yields by the reaction of bis(carbodiimide) 3 with primary amines. This architecture is exceptionally "tunable" because a variety of "legs" may be appended to the basic [3.3]ferrocenophane scaffold to give a wide range of signaling units. These receptors show remarkable ion-sensing properties, due to the presence of a redox active unit (ferrocene), and an amphoteric binding site (guanidine). In this nitrogen-rich structural motif the guanidine bridges act as multipoint binding sites for anions, cations, and amino acids. Sensing of anions takes place both by unprecedented redox-ratiometric measurements (F-, Cl-, AcO-, NO3-, HSO4-, H2PO4-, and HP2O7(3-)), and colorimetric change (F-, AcO-, H2PO4-, and HP2O7(3-)). Sensing and discrimination of amino acids takes place by redox-ratiometric measurements, whereas the recognition of metal cations (Zn2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+) is achieved either by electrochemical or fluorescence measurements. Moreover, the reported receptors display splitting of the oxidation wave of the Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox couple, and form the mixed-valence species 4+* -7+* by electrochemical partial oxidation which, interestingly, show intervalence charge-transfer transitions associated to the appearance of absorption bands in the near infrared spectral region.     

[Ru(phen)2(H2biim)](PF6)2配合物与阴离子的选择性作用

研究了[Ru(phen)₂(H₂biim)](PF₆)₂(1)与各种阴离子之间的选择性作用, 发现配合物1与Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, NO₃^-, HSO₄^-和H₂PO₄^-阴离子之间存在氢键作用. OAc^-阴离子与配合物1作用, 由于强的氢键作用使H₂biim上的一个H转移到OAc^-上, 使配合物1脱去一个质子, 形成{[Ru(phen)₂(H₂biim)](OAc)}结合体, 溶液颜色由黄色变为橙棕色. 由于F^-能形成非常稳定的HF₂^-, 配合物1逐步脱去2个质子, 溶液颜色由黄色变为紫色, 因此可作为裸眼检测阴离子的识别剂.     

间苯二甲酰腙分子钳的合成及阴离子识别研究

设计合成了3种新型间苯二甲酰腙类化合物,利用UV-Vis及¹H NMR考察了其与F^-、Cl^-、Br^-、I^-、CH₃COO^-、HSO₄^-、H₂PO4-、ClO4-阴离子的相互作用。结果表明,主体分子4a(双对硝基苯并呋喃甲醛间苯二甲酰腙)在DMSO溶液中对F-和CH₃COO-有显著识别效果,溶液颜色由黄色变为深黄色和棕红色。通过¹H NMR滴定及质子溶剂效应进一步证明,主体分子与阴离子之间是以氢键作用方式相结合。Job曲线表明,主客体间形成1：1型氢键络合物。基于实验结果,探讨了主客体间形状和大小匹配对识别能力的影响以及主客体之间的识别模式。     

对二甲氨基苯甲酸的阴离子识别应用研究

采用紫外分光光度法和荧光分光光度法研究了主体分子对二甲氨基苯甲酸与HPO42-、SO42-、H2PO4-、ClO4-、HSO4-、NO3-、BF4-、PF6-、F-、Cl-和Br-等11种阴离子客体的识别作用.发现在乙腈溶液中,该主体分子对二价阴离子HPO42-和SO42-表现了强亲和力和高选择性;并对一价阴离子F-和H2PO4- 具有一定的响应能力;而与一价阴离子ClO4-、HSO4-、NO3-、BF4-、PF6-、Cl-和Br-几乎没有作用.结果表明主客体分子本身的酸碱性和阴离子的负电荷数目是影响主体分子对阴离子识别性能的主要因素.     

含脲苯并咪唑类离子液体的合成及阴离子识别性能

设计并合成了含脲苯并咪唑离子液体受体分子1~3, 利用紫外-可见光谱、 荧光光谱和 ¹H NMR滴定研究了其对F^-, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-, CH₃COO^-, HSO₄^-, H₂PO₄^-等阴离子的识别性能. 紫外-可见光谱研究发现, 受体分子1~3可选择性地识别F^-, 并形成1: 1型主客体配合物; 荧光光谱研究发现, 受体分子1~3对碱性阴离子有较好的识别作用, 主客体结合常数的顺序为H₂PO₄^->CH₃COO^-≈ F^->HSO₄^- ≈ Cl^->Br^- ≈ I^-; ¹H NMR滴定研究发现, 该类受体分子以咪唑2位CH和脲基NH与阴离子通过氢键结合, 但高浓度的F^-会导致受体分子发生脱质子作用.     

离子色谱法测定火场爆炸残留物中7种阴离子

建立了离子色谱法测定爆炸残留物中F,Cl,NO_2,SO_4,Br,NO_3,PO_47种阴离子的方法。采用抑制电导检测器,以DIONEX Ion Pac~?AS11–HC型阴离子交换柱为分离柱,柱箱温度为40℃,以22 mmol/L KOH溶液为淋洗液,流量为1.20 m L/min。F~–,Cl~–,NO_2~–,SO_4~(2–),Br~–,NO_3~–,PO_4~(3–)在各自范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限在0.06~0.15 mg/L之间,加标回收率为92.5%~101.3%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.86%~2.79%(n=7)。该方法简便、快捷,选择性好,灵敏度高,可满足分析要求。     

N-acyl triazenes as tunable and selective chemodosimeters toward cyanide ion

A novel type of chemodosimeters has been developed on the basis of a displacement reaction. N-Acyl-triazenes are found to be highly selective and tunable chemodosimeters toward cyanide. When N-acetyl-triazene 1a was titrated with various anions (-CN, F-, Cl-, AcO-, H2PO4-, -SCN, ClO4-, and HSO4-) in acetonitrile, significant absorption changes (from colorless to deep purple) resulted in the cases of -CN and F-, and small changes in the cases of AcO- and H2PO4-. N-Isopropanoyl-triazene 1b showed significant response only toward -CN, weaker response toward F-, and little response toward other anions in acetonitrile. Both of the triazenes 1a and 1b responded only to -CN in methanol-water, because of the analyte's strong nucleophilicity toward the acyl group and weak hydrogen-bonding ability as compared to other anions examined. The N-acyl-triazenes can be used for the naked eye detection of cyanide.     

离子色谱法测定茶叶中无机阴离子及其用于茶叶的分类

提出了离子色谱法测定茶叶中F-、Cl-、NO2-、Br-、NO3-、H2PO4-、SO42-等无机阴离子的方法。采用Shodex IC SI-52 4E阴离子分离柱进行分离,以3.6mmol.L-1碳酸钠溶液和甲醇以体积比98比2混合所得溶液为淋洗液进行洗脱,从而实现7种阴离子的分离。根据茶叶中分离出的7种阴离子含量的不同,利用聚类分析将16个茶叶样品进行分类。